27,717 research outputs found
Change of the plane of oscillation of a Foucault pendulum from simple pictures
The change of the plane of oscillation of a Foucault pendulum is calculated
without using equations of motion, the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, parallel
transport, or assumptions that are difficult to explain.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Migration as Adaptation? Exploring The Scope for Co-ordinating Environmental and Migration Policies in the European Union
Simulation of fermionic lattice models in two dimensions with Projected Entangled-Pair States: Next-nearest neighbor Hamiltonians
In a recent contribution [Phys. Rev. B 81, 165104 (2010)] fermionic Projected
Entangled-Pair States (PEPS) were used to approximate the ground state of free
and interacting spinless fermion models, as well as the - model. This
paper revisits these three models in the presence of an additional next-nearest
hopping amplitude in the Hamiltonian. First we explain how to account for
next-nearest neighbor Hamiltonian terms in the context of fermionic PEPS
algorithms based on simulating time evolution. Then we present benchmark
calculations for the three models of fermions, and compare our results against
analytical, mean-field, and variational Monte Carlo results, respectively.
Consistent with previous computations restricted to nearest-neighbor
Hamiltonians, we systematically obtain more accurate (or better converged)
results for gapped phases than for gapless ones.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, minor change
Probing Light Atoms at Sub-nanometer Resolution: Realization of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope Holography
Atomic resolution imaging in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and
scanning TEM (STEM) of light elements in electron-transparent materials has
long been a challenge. Biomolecular materials, for example, are rapidly altered
when illuminated with electrons. These issues have driven the development of
TEM and STEM techniques that enable the structural analysis of electron
beam-sensitive and weakly scattering nano-materials. Here, we demonstrate such
a technique, STEM holography, capable of absolute phase and amplitude object
wave measurement with respect to a vacuum reference wave. We use an
amplitude-dividing nanofabricated grating to prepare multiple spatially
separated electron diffraction probe beams focused at the sample plane, such
that one beam transmits through the specimen while the others pass through
vacuum. We raster-scan the diffracted probes over the region of interest. We
configure the post specimen imaging system of the microscope to diffraction
mode, overlapping the probes to form an interference pattern at the detector.
Using a fast-readout, direct electron detector, we record and analyze the
interference fringes at each position in a 2D raster scan to reconstruct the
complex transfer function of the specimen, t(x). We apply this technique to
image a standard target specimen consisting of gold nanoparticles on a thin
amorphous carbon substrate, and demonstrate 2.4 angstrom resolution phase
images. We find that STEM holography offers higher phase-contrast of the
amorphous material while maintaining Au atomic lattice resolution when compared
with high angle annular dark field STEM.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures in main text, 1 supplemental figure in the
appendi
Classical simulation of infinite-size quantum lattice systems in two spatial dimensions
We present an algorithm to simulate two-dimensional quantum lattice systems
in the thermodynamic limit. Our approach builds on the {\em projected
entangled-pair state} algorithm for finite lattice systems [F. Verstraete and
J.I. Cirac, cond-mat/0407066] and the infinite {\em time-evolving block
decimation} algorithm for infinite one-dimensional lattice systems [G. Vidal,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070201 (2007)]. The present algorithm allows for the
computation of the ground state and the simulation of time evolution in
infinite two-dimensional systems that are invariant under translations. We
demonstrate its performance by obtaining the ground state of the quantum Ising
model and analysing its second order quantum phase transition.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Revised version, with new diagrams and
plots. The results on classical systems can now be found at arXiv:0711.396
Two-point theory for the differential self-interrogation Feynman-alpha method
A Feynman-alpha formula has been derived in a two region domain pertaining
the stochastic differential self-interrogation (DDSI) method and the
differential die-away method (DDAA). Monte Carlo simulations have been used to
assess the applicability of the variance to mean through determination of the
physical reaction intensities of the physical processes in the two domains.
More specifically, the branching processes of the neutrons in the two regions
are described by the Chapman - Kolmogorov equation, including all reaction
intensities for the various processes, that is used to derive a variance to
mean relation for the process. The applicability of the Feynman-alpha or
variance to mean formulae are assessed in DDSI and DDAA of spent fuel
configurations.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to EPJ Plu
QUASAT: An orbiting very long baseline interferometer program using large space antenna systems
QUASAT, which stands for QUASAR SATELLITE, is the name given to a new mission being studied by NASA. The QUASAT mission concept involves a free flying Earth orbiting large radio telescope, which will observe astronomical radio sources simultaneously with ground radio telescopes. The primary goal of QUASAT is to provide a system capable of collecting radio frequency data which will lead to a better understanding of extremely high energy events taking place in a variety of celestial objects including quasars, galactic nuclei, interstellar masers, radio stars and pulsars. QUASAT's unique scientific contribution will be the increased resolution in the emission brightness profile maps of the celestial objects
Einstein and Jordan frames reconciled: a frame-invariant approach to scalar-tensor cosmology
Scalar-Tensor theories of gravity can be formulated in different frames, most
notably, the Einstein and the Jordan one. While some debate still persists in
the literature on the physical status of the different frames, a frame
transformation in Scalar-Tensor theories amounts to a local redefinition of the
metric, and then should not affect physical results. We analyze the issue in a
cosmological context. In particular, we define all the relevant observables
(redshift, distances, cross-sections, ...) in terms of frame-independent
quantities. Then, we give a frame-independent formulation of the Boltzmann
equation, and outline its use in relevant examples such as particle freeze-out
and the evolution of the CMB photon distribution function. Finally, we derive
the gravitational equations for the frame-independent quantities at first order
in perturbation theory. From a practical point of view, the present approach
allows the simultaneous implementation of the good aspects of the two frames in
a clear and straightforward way.Comment: 15 pages, matches version to be published on Phys. Rev.
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