On the concept of fractality for groups of automorphisms of a regular rooted tree

The aim of this article is to discuss and clarify the notion of fractality for subgroups of the group of automorphisms of a regular rooted tree. For this purpose we define three types of fractality. We show that they are not equivalent, by giving explicit examples. Furthermore we present some tools that are helpful in order to determine the fractality of a given group

Taxation and economic sustainability

Macroeconomic theory says that taxes play a repressing role in the economy. Introduction of new forms of taxation, the increase of tax rates and augmentation of tax income of the Government puts a downturn risk on consumption and therefore on economic growth. Knowing that, Governments start to compete with other countries by lowering corporate tax rates and trying to boost economic growth by using foreign investments. On the other hand Governments are pushed to lower personal tax rates in order to satisfy their electorate. It was highly believed that countries with lower tax rates have better prospects for future growth. However, small tax income boundaries government spending and might cause serious imbalances in economy. As the Irish example shows smaller taxes cannot guarantee sustainable growth of the economy. So the taxation and economic development relationship needs rethinking. This paper aims to test the efficiency of taxation in sustainable economic development terms and to discuss the factors that are the most important. The comparative analysis of EU countries is used for the research.Taxation; Economic Sustainability

About the Teaching and Learning of Differentiability for Piecewise Functions in Science Degrees’ First-Year Calculus Courses

In this work, we present an issue we have observed over the last several years in the first year of Spanish science degrees’ (such as mathematics, physics or engineering) calculus courses. It is related to the study of differentiability of piecewise one real variable real functions at a point. We have analyzed how students study the differentiability of piecewise functions at a point, explaining the students’ work and reasoning and commenting about the common misunderstandings we have found. Then, we have researched about how to help the students in their learning process related to this calculus concept, and we have also used several activities or ways to work: student meeting groups to talk about their worries and misunderstandings, mathematical definitions, explanations and theory and also working out specific examples

Carbon capture: Characterization of CO2 adsorption by Metal-organic frameworks and Zeolite

This work aims to synthesize and characterize the Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs): MIP-202, MOF-801, and a cerium-based version of the MIP-202, and evaluate their potential for use in carbon capturing by the use of adsorption. An outsourced Zeolite-13X molecular sieve was also tested alongside the MOF samples, to compare the results. Stability, crystallinity, and composition were concluded with PXRD, TGA, SEM, and EDS measurements, which were determined on all samples and gave expected and satisfactory results. The EDS results of the MIP-202 and MOF-801 samples revealed a substantial chlorine content in the MOFs, which came from the ZrCl4 salt they were synthesized from. An attempt to remove these and other traces of excess linkers was made by making new samples by washing the MOFs with different solutions, including methanol and acetic acid. The washed samples were tested alongside the untreated MOF and Zeolite-13X samples. Only the MOF-801 samples and the Zeolite-13X gave satisfactory sorption results, as the MIP-202 had collapsed after 60°C degassing, and the Ce-MIP-202 did not adsorb considerably to be further analyzed. Based on BET calculations, the best MOF-801 had a specific surface area of 936.5 m2g-1, with a total pore volume of 0.4683 cm3g-1. The Zeolite-13X specific surface area was calculated to be 577.7 m2g-1, with a total pore volume of 0.2963 cm3g-1. Both these sample classes demonstrated high selectivity between CO2 and N2, but where the Zeolite expressed a much steeper CO2 adsorption isotherm, which could be disadvantageous when desorbing in industry

A Third Number: Discussing Duals in Lithuanian Language

Modern Lithuanian has two grammatical numbers: singular and plural, nevertheless literature sources note the existence of the dual number residue in Lithuanian. This phenomenon is prominent in Austronesian languages as stated by Schwartz (1989:237-238) and there are different types of duals. However, in European languages this phenomenon is not as widely spread. This paper overviews the constructions of such phenomenon and presents results of a small research which looked at the frequency of the usage of dual pronouns and demonstratives in the Lithuanian language. Data for the research was taken from the Corpus of Lithuanian Language compiled by Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania which is accessible online. The main aim is to discuss the place of duals in Lithuanian language and to establish whether it is still frequently used by the Lithuanian language speakers

Perusteellinen vertailu BDD-testaustyökaluista Javalle

Test automation has a crucial role in modern software development. Automated tests are immensely helpful in quality assurance, catching bugs and giving information on the state of the software. There are many existing frameworks that are designed to assist in creating automated tests. The frameworks can have massively varying purposes and targeted applications and technologies. In this paper, we aim to study a selected group of Behavior Driven Development (BDD) testing frameworks, compare them, identify their strengths and shortcomings, and implement our own testing framework to answer the discovered challenges. Finally, we will evaluate the resulting framework and see if it can meet its requirements. As a result we’ll have a better understanding in what kind of tools there are for automating behavior driven tests, what type of different approaches have been and can be taken to implement such frameworks, and what are the benefits and suitable uses of each tool