Long Distance Business Travel and Mode Choice: The Results of Two Surveys of Business Travellers.

This report contains a descriptive analysis of two UK samples of lomg distance business travellers. Each sample answered the same mailback quesitonnaire which asked for detailed information about a recent long distance business trip and a limited amount of socio-economic data from each respondent. In particular; questions were asked about reasons for choice of the main travel mode and the alternative modes available to the respondent. In both samples it was found that the main factors influencing mode choices were journeytime and a convenient start time; with the ability to work en route being a significant factor for rail travellers. Company travel policies did not appear to have a significant influence on mode choice; although the set of permitted alternative modes was dependent on the respondents' income and occupation

One-dimensional search combining golden section and cubic fit techniques Quarterly report

One dimensional search routine for function of one variable and approximation of function with cubic equatio

Two-photon E1M1 decay of 2 3P0 states in heavy heliumlike ions

Two-photon E1M1 transition rates are evaluated for heliumlike ions with nuclear charges in the range Z = 50-94. The two-photon rates modify previously published lifetimes/transition rates of 2 3P0 states. For isotopes with nuclear spin I not equal 0, where hyperfine quenching dominates the 2 3P0 decay, two-photon contributions are significant; for example, in heliumlike 187 Os the two-photon correction is 3% of the total rate. For isotopes with I= 0, where the 2 3P0 decay is unquenched, the E1M1 corrections are even more important reaching 60% for Z=94. Therefore, to aid in the interpretation of experiments on hyperfine quenching in heliumlike ions and to provide a more complete database for unquenched transitions, a knowledge of E1M1 rates is important.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

The Hidden Spatial Geometry of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories

The Gauss law constraint in the Hamiltonian form of the $SU(2)$ gauge theory of gluons is satisfied by any functional of the gauge invariant tensor variable $\phi^{ij} = B^{ia} B^{ja}$. Arguments are given that the tensor $G_{ij} = (\phi^{-1})_{ij}\,\det B$ is a more appropriate variable. When the Hamiltonian is expressed in terms of $\phi$ or $G$, the quantity $\Gamma^i_{jk}$ appears. The gauge field Bianchi and Ricci identities yield a set of partial differential equations for $\Gamma$ in terms of $G$. One can show that $\Gamma$ is a metric-compatible connection for $G$ with torsion, and that the curvature tensor of $\Gamma$ is that of an Einstein space. A curious 3-dimensional spatial geometry thus underlies the gauge-invariant configuration space of the theory, although the Hamiltonian is not invariant under spatial coordinate transformations. Spatial derivative terms in the energy density are singular when $\det G=\det B=0$. These singularities are the analogue of the centrifugal barrier of quantum mechanics, and physical wave-functionals are forced to vanish in a certain manner near $\det B=0$. It is argued that such barriers are an inevitable result of the projection on the gauge-invariant subspace of the Hilbert space, and that the barriers are a conspicuous way in which non-abelian gauge theories differ from scalar field theories.Comment: 19 pages, TeX, CTP #223

In vitro effect of canine hyperimmune sera on TNFa activity

[Introduction]: Septic shock in dogs is caused by cardiovascular and vasomotor failure associated with an uncontrolled intrinsic release of inflammatory mediators [1–5]. The syndrome is characterized by cardiovascular dysfunction, vascular permeability alterations, pulmonary oedema and tissue hypoxia resulting from microthrombi which may culminate in disseminated intravascular coagulation and catastrophic multiple organ failure [6,7]. Systemic bacterial infection, particularly by Gram-negative enterobacteria, haemorrhagic trauma, gastric dilation/volvulus and pancreatitis are the major underlying causes leading tosepsis [8,9]. Because of haemodynamic instability and associated hypovolemia, fluid replacement therapy is generally applied to restore effective circulating volume. The use of fresh frozen plasma has been recommended in cases of coagulopathies as it has been recognized to assist restoration of haemodynamic stability [1,5,10,11]. There is increasing evidence that the drivers of the haemodynamic instability are inflammatory mediators (particularly TNFa) activated primarily by bacterial endotoxin [3,4,12,13]

Thirteen-color narrow-band photometry of one thousand bright stars

Thirteen-color narrow-band photometry of one thousand bright star

The effect of equine hyperimmune sera on TNF alpha activity in a L929 cell bioassay

In this pilot study we examined the effect of sera from a proprietary hyperimmune plasma product (Equiplas) on the activity of TNF: in an in vitro L929 cell bioassay. In brief, we report observations from 2 accessions of sera. Accession 1 describes the antiTNF: activity of 3 hyperimmune sera and an untreated serum sample that were provided blind to the study. Accession 2 reports a comparison of antiTNFalpha activity found in 3 paired hyperimmune sera collected following a multiple endotoxin vaccination regimen

Vertex Operators and Soliton Time Delays in Affine Toda Field Theory

In a space-time of two dimensions the overall effect of the collision of two solitons is a time delay (or advance) of their final trajectories relative to their initial trajectories. For the solitons of affine Toda field theories, the space-time displacement of the trajectories is proportional to the logarithm of a number $X$ depending only on the species of the colliding solitons and their rapidity difference. $X$ is the factor arising in the normal ordering of the product of the two vertex operators associated with the solitons. $X$ is shown to take real values between $0$ and $1$. This means that, whenever the solitons are distinguishable, so that transmission rather than reflection is the only possible interpretation of the classical scattering process, the time delay is negative and so an indication of attractive forces between the solitons.Comment: p. 24 Latex, Swansea-SWAT/93-94/3