Children's radio programs.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Children's radio programs.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Religious Fundamentalism and Problem of Normlessness: Issues in Value System in Nigeria

Religious fundamentalism following 9 11 attack in the United States has a assumed new a dimension in Nigeria The current wave of religious fundamentalism raises the concern whether Nigeria is a normless society or the problem of normlesness has been inherent in cultures and traditions of the Nigeria inhabitants before the arrival of Islam and Christianity This paper argues that religion in the pre-colonial times was developed with the need to provide a world view for the people to understand themselves and to direct collective consciousness toward achieving societal goals The paper contends that the current wave of religious fundamentalism became fossilized through religious manipulation and politicization in the post colonial era The paper concludes that unless our universal cultural norms and value are resorted to redirect behavioural attitude toward governance in Nigeria religious fundamentalism would thrive o

Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma Treated with Micrographic Surgery

Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin (PMCS) is a rare, slow growing tumor with a high recurrence rate and occasional metastasis. It most commonly presents as an asymptomatic nodule on the face, particularly the eyelids. PMCS is resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. Historically, a wide local excision has been the treatment of choice, but it has high recurrence rates. While no current definitive treatment guidelines are available, limited data suggests that Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) may result in significantly lower recurrence rates than excision. We report a case of recurrent PMCS treated with MMS

Cancer-specific variation in emergency presentation by sex, age and deprivation across 27 common and rarer cancers.

BACKGROUND: Although overall sociodemographic and cancer site variation in the risk of cancer diagnosis through emergency presentation has been previously described, relatively little is known about how this risk may vary differentially by sex, age and deprivation group between patients with a given cancer. METHODS: Data from the Routes to Diagnosis project on 749,645 patients (2006-2010) with any of 27 cancers that can occur in either sex were analysed. Crude proportions and crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated for emergency presentation, and interactions between sex, age and deprivation with cancer were examined. RESULTS: The overall proportion of patients diagnosed through emergency presentation varied greatly by cancer. Compared with men, women were at greater risk for emergency presentation for bladder, brain, rectal, liver, stomach, colon and lung cancer (e.g., bladder cancer-specific odds ratio for women vs men, 1.50; 95% CI 1.39-1.60), whereas the opposite was true for oral/oropharyngeal cancer, lymphomas and melanoma (e.g., oropharyngeal cancer-specific odds ratio for women vs men, 0.49; 95% CI 0.32-0.73). Similarly, younger patients were at higher risk for emergency presentation for acute leukaemia, colon, stomach and oesophageal cancer (e.g., colon cancer-specific odds ratio in 35-44- vs 65-74-year-olds, 2.01; 95% CI 1.76-2.30) and older patients for laryngeal, melanoma, thyroid, oral and Hodgkin's lymphoma (e.g., melanoma specific odds ratio in 35-44- vs 65-74-year-olds, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12-0.33). Inequalities in the risk of emergency presentation by deprivation group were greatest for oral/oropharyngeal, anal, laryngeal and small intestine cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with the same cancer, the risk for emergency presentation varies notably by sex, age and deprivation group. The findings suggest that, beyond tumour biology, diagnosis through an emergency route may be associated both with psychosocial processes, which can delay seeking of medical help, and with difficulties in suspecting the diagnosis of cancer after presentation.We acknowledge the authors of previous studies that led to the creation and curation of the Routes to Diagnosis project and data set. The work presented here is a collaboration between Public Health England’s National Cancer Intelligence Network and the Cambridge Centre for Health Services Research of the University of Cambridge. GL was supported by a post-doctoral fellowship by the National Institute for Health Research (PDF-2011-04-047) to the end of 2014 and by a Cancer Research UK Clinician Scientist Fellowship award (A18180) from 2015.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2015.5

The First Miniquasar

We investigate the environmental impact of the first active galactic nuclei that may have formed ~150 Myr after the big bang in low-mass ~10^6 Msun minihaloes. Using Enzo, an adaptive-mesh refinement cosmological hydrodynamics code, we carry out three-dimensional simulations of the radiative feedback from `miniquasars' powered by intermediate-mass black holes. We follow the non-equilibrium multispecies chemistry of primordial gas in the presence of a point source of X-ray radiation, which starts shining in a rare high-sigma peak at z=21 and emits a power-law spectrum in the 0.2-10 keV range. We find that, after one Salpeter time-scale, the miniquasar has heated up the simulation box to a volume-averaged temperature of 2800 K. The mean electron and H2 fractions are now 0.03 and 4e-5: the latter is 20 times larger than the primordial value, and will delay the buildup of a uniform UV photodissociating background. The net effect of the X-rays is to reduce gas clumping in the IGM by as much as a factor of 3. While the suppression of baryonic infall lowers the gas mass fraction at overdensities delta in the range 20-2000, enhanced molecular cooling increases the amount of dense material at delta>2000. In many haloes within the proximity of our miniquasar the H2-boosting effect of X-rays is too weak to overcome heating, and the cold and dense gas mass actually decreases. We find little evidence for an entropy floor in gas at intermediate densities preventing gas contraction and H2 formation. Overall, the radiative feedback from X-rays enhances gas cooling in lower-sigma peaks that are far away from the initial site of star formation, thus decreasing the clustering bias of the early pregalactic population, but does not appear to dramatically reverse or promote the collapse of pregalactic clouds as a whole. (abridged)Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor modifications in response to the referee's comments. A high resolution version of this paper, as well as movies, can be found at http://www.ucolick.org/~mqk/miniqs

Cancer-specific variation in emergency presentation by sex, age and deprivation across 27 common and rarer cancers

This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer nature via the DOI in this recordBACKGROUND: Although overall sociodemographic and cancer site variation in the risk of cancer diagnosis through emergency presentation has been previously described, relatively little is known about how this risk may vary differentially by sex, age and deprivation group between patients with a given cancer. METHODS: Data from the Routes to Diagnosis project on 749,645 patients (2006-2010) with any of 27 cancers that can occur in either sex were analysed. Crude proportions and crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated for emergency presentation, and interactions between sex, age and deprivation with cancer were examined. RESULTS: The overall proportion of patients diagnosed through emergency presentation varied greatly by cancer. Compared with men, women were at greater risk for emergency presentation for bladder, brain, rectal, liver, stomach, colon and lung cancer (e.g., bladder cancer-specific odds ratio for women vs men, 1.50; 95% CI 1.39-1.60), whereas the opposite was true for oral/oropharyngeal cancer, lymphomas and melanoma (e.g., oropharyngeal cancer-specific odds ratio for women vs men, 0.49; 95% CI 0.32-0.73). Similarly, younger patients were at higher risk for emergency presentation for acute leukaemia, colon, stomach and oesophageal cancer (e.g., colon cancer-specific odds ratio in 35-44- vs 65-74-year-olds, 2.01; 95% CI 1.76-2.30) and older patients for laryngeal, melanoma, thyroid, oral and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (e.g., melanoma specific odds ratio in 35-44- vs 65-74-year-olds, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12-0.33). Inequalities in the risk of emergency presentation by deprivation group were greatest for oral/oropharyngeal, anal, laryngeal and small intestine cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with the same cancer, the risk for emergency presentation varies notably by sex, age and deprivation group. The findings suggest that, beyond tumour biology, diagnosis through an emergency route may be associated both with psychosocial processes, which can delay seeking of medical help, and with difficulties in suspecting the diagnosis of cancer after presentation.National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Cancer Research U

Clinicopathological spectrum of operated thyroid lesions in a tertiary care centre : a cross sectional study

Background: Thyroid diseases are one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting the general population worldwide.They comprise a spectrum of entities causing systemic disease (Grave’s disease) or a localised abnormality in the thyroid gland such as nodular enlargement (goitre) or a tumour mass.The prevalence and pattern of these disorders depend on various factors including sex, age, ethnic and geographical patterns.Aim: To study the clinicopathological spectrum of thyroid lesions and the treatment outcome among the operated cases of thyroid. Variables in the spectrum includes age and sex distribution, mode of presentation, pre-operative  thyroid function, evaluation by  ultrasound, FNAC and final histopathology, postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay.Materials and Methods:This was a cross sectional study which included all patients who underwent surgery for  thyroid pathologies in the department of general surgery, at our teaching hospital from January 2016 to December 2017.150 patients were included in the study. Patients who underwent thyroid surgery but whose records were not complete for thyroid function tests, USG findings and FNA findings were excluded from the study. Results:The highest incidences (38.6%) of thyroid lesionswere found in age group of 46-60 years with female predominance (87.3%). Out of total 150 cases, 30 were malignant and 120 were benign lesions. Thyroid function test was carried out for all cases and out of them 84 were euthyroid. Most common clinical symptom was swelling in the neck which was present in all cases. Multinodular goitre was the most common radiological finding seen in 76.7% cases. Benign follicular nodule was the most common diagnosis in FNAC (80%).The most common surgery performed was Total thyroidectomy (71%).Papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion in this study (29 cases) and it was associated with MNG in 55% of cases. The incidence of clinical hypocalcemia was 10.6% and RLN injury was 5%.The mean duration of hospital stay was 4 days.Conclusions: Multinodulargoitre was found to be the most common thyroid lesion in this study. Thyroid diseases showed definite female predominance, with most of them occurring in an age group of 36 - 60 years. Papillary carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion in this study.In our study USG neck showed a moderate agreement with final histopathology compared to FNAC in diagnosing malignant lesions preoperatively. USG guided FNAC may improve the diagnostic accuracy. Combined approach based on history, clinical examination, FNAC and ultrasound is required to make an accurate diagnosis

A Basic Robotic Excavator (the Glenn Digger): Description, Design, and Initial Operation

This paper describes the design, commercial part selections, fabrication, assembly, installation, and initial operation of a two degree of freedom robotic excavator. Colloquially referred to as "the NASA Glenn Digger," it was designed specifically to be mounted onto, and to operate with, the then newly developed Centaur 2 robotic mobility base. The excavator, when mounted to Centaur 2, is designed to scoop loose regolith from the terrain, raise its loaded bucket up and dump the load into a hopper of at least a 1-m-height. The hopper represents the input to a machine that would process the raw material, such as to produce oxygen from lunar regolith as would be required for long-term lunar habitation. This equipment debuted at the annual Research and Technology Studies ("Desert RATS", Ref. 1) event held north of Flagstaff, Arizona, in September of 2010, when the Digger was successfully joined to Centaur 2 and the shoveling articulation was demonstrated. During 2011, the hardware was modified for added strength, strain gauges were added to measure loads, and the controls were improved in preparation for the 2011 Desert RATS event, where additional "field operations" experience was gained

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