Challenges with using estimates when calculating ART need among adults in South Africa

Background. The Foundation for Professional Development (FPD) collects information annually on HIV/AIDS service provision and estimates service needs in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CTMM). Methods. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) data from the Department of Health and Statistics South Africa (SSA) mid-year population estimates were used to approximate the ART need among adults in the CTMM. Results. According to SSA data, ART need decreased dramatically from 2010 to 2011 and was lower than the number of adults receiving ART. Although the noted difference was probably due to changes in the calculations by SSA, no detailed or confirmed explanation could be offered. Conclusions. We provide a constructive contribution to the discussion regarding the use of model-derived estimates of ART need

The History of Nursing in Arkansas

This paper tells very briefly the history of nursing in Arkansas. Because a thorough investigation of the history of nursing would require a longer period of time, I have chosen the most striking events pertaining to the subject. The information in this paper was taken from unpublished manuscripts, mostly minutes from meetings of various organizations, in the possession of Miss Linnie Beauchamp, R.N., who is currently compiling the information for a book. I am greatly indebted to her for the time and help she has given to me

Processes by which different aspects of marital conflict affect adolescent adjustment: the mediating role of different dimensions of parental behavior

In recent years researchers have argued that rather than asking if marital conflict influences child adjustment, research questions need to move to ones that address what specific aspects of marital conflict are related to child adjustment, and what are the processes or mechanisms by which marital conflict affects children. This study used data from the first three waves of the Iowa Youth and Families Project to examine how different aspects of marital conflict affect adolescent adjustment through different dimensions of parental behavior. Observed marital conflict was the only aspect of marital discord to have a significant indirect effect on the adolescent outcomes. Mother\u27s negative affect mediated the effect of observed marital conflict on three adolescent outcomes: boys\u27 externalization problems, girls\u27 externalization problems, and boys\u27 internalization problems. Mothers\u27 positive affect mediated the effect of observed marital conflict on boys\u27 emotional well-being and girls\u27 externalization problems. Fathers\u27 management mediated the effect of observed marital conflict on boys\u27 and girls\u27 externalization problems. The remaining parental behaviors, mother\u27s management, fathers\u27 negative affect, and fathers\u27 positive affect mediated the effect of observed marital conflict on girls\u27 externalization problems. In addition to these indirect effects, marital conflict over child-rearing had direct influences upon boys\u27 emotional well-being, girls\u27 emotional well-being, boys\u27 externalizing problems, and girls\u27 internalizing problems. Observed marital conflict had significant direct effects on girls\u27 externalizing and internalizing problems. General marital distress had significant direct effects on girls\u27 internalizing problems, although the effect was in the opposite direction from what was predicted

Preservice Teachers Knowledge of Adolescent Suicide

Teacher preparation programs have a responsibility to prepare future teachers to teach and mentor students through their academic years. With the rise of suicide in school age children, responsibility has fallen to teachers to better recognize and understand students who may be suicidal. This study sought to answer the question: to what degree does teaching certification, teaching experience, and suicide awareness embedded coursework predict preservice teachers’ knowledge of suicide awareness and prevention? Data from the Adolescent Suicide Behavior Questionnaire and a demographic survey which asked about participants’ preservice training was sent to universities and colleges in Texas with an undergraduate teacher preparation program. It was found that Texas preservice teachers have less knowledge and awareness of suicide than participants in other regions. Furthermore, preservice teachers seeking a secondary (middle level or high school) teaching certification were more knowledgeable about adolescent suicide than elementary certification seekers

State Court Intervention in School Finance Reform

This article will focus on the nature, appropriateness, and consequences of judicial activism and judicial restraint in the school financing area