111,424 research outputs found
Research for applications of remote sensing to state and local governments (ARSIG)
Remote sensing and its application to problems confronted by local and state planners are reported. The added dimension of remote sensing as a data gathering tool has been explored identifying pertinent land use factors associated with urban growth such as soil associations, soil capability, vegetation distribution, and flood prone areas. Remote sensing within rural agricultural setting has also been utilized to determine irrigation runoff volumes, cropping patterns, and land use. A variety of data sources including U-2 70 mm multispectral black and white photography, RB-57 9-inch color IR, HyAC panoramic color IR and ERTS-1 imagery have been used over selected areas of Arizona including Tucson, Arizona (NASA Test Site #30) and the Sulphur Springs Valley
Speaker-normalized sound representations in the human auditory cortex
The acoustic dimensions that distinguish speech sounds (like the vowel differences in âbootâ and âboatâ) also differentiate speakersâ voices. Therefore, listeners must normalize across speakers without losing linguistic information. Past behavioral work suggests an important role for auditory contrast enhancement in normalization: preceding context affects listenersâ perception of subsequent speech sounds. Here, using intracranial electrocorticography in humans, we investigate whether and how such context effects arise in auditory cortex. Participants identified speech sounds that were preceded by phrases from two different speakers whose voices differed along the same acoustic dimension as target words (the lowest resonance of the vocal tract). In every participant, target vowels evoke a speaker-dependent neural response that is consistent with the listenerâs perception, and which follows from a contrast enhancement model. Auditory cortex processing thus displays a critical feature of normalization, allowing listeners to extract meaningful content from the voices of diverse speakers
Application of remote sensing to state and local government (ARSIG)
Progress of ARSIG projects is reported and the impact of the projects upon policy decision within Arizona is discussed
Improved fiberglass-to-metal joint produces lighter stronger fiberglass strut
Axial tension and compression are transmitted between end fittings and fiberglass tube without depending on glass-to-metal bonding, conventional fasteners or combination of these things. Joint design significantly reduces both structural weight of strut and its cross-sectional area
Variation in African American parents' use of early childhood physical discipline
Physical discipline is endorsed by a majority of adults in the U.S. including African American (AA) parents who have high rates of endorsement. Although many studies have examined physical discipline use among AA families, few have considered how early
childhood physical discipline varies within the population. Individuals within a cultural group may differ in their engagement in cultural practices (Rogoff, 2003). Furthermore, AA familiesâ characteristics and their contexts, which are shaped by the interaction of social position, racism, and segregation (GarcĂa Coll et al., 1996), likely influence how AA families physically discipline their young children. This study examined variation in early childhood physical discipline among AA families living in low-income communities and relations with demographic and contextual factors. Year 1 data from 310 AA parents living in three regionally distinct low-income communities were used from a sequential longitudinal intervention program study of the development and prevention of conduct disorder. Latent class analyses were conducted using parentsâ responses on a measure, of the frequency of overall physical discipline, spanking, and hitting during prekindergarten and kindergarten. The associations between latent classes and six demographic and contextual factors were examined using the Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars (BCH) method. The factors were: child gender (59% male); marital status (51% never married); parental education (66% high school graduates and beyond); income (mean = $16.66K, S.D. = 12.50), family stress, and perception of neighborhood safety. Measures included the Family Information Form, Life Changes, and the Neighborhood Questionnaire. After considering two to seven class solutions, five physical discipline classes or sub-groups were identified. Classes were defined by discipline frequency (âInfrequentâ, âWeeklyâ, âMonthlyâ, âAlmost-Every-Dayâ and âWeekly-Allâ) as well as by discipline type (only parents in the âWeekly-Allâ class hit their children). Significant associations were found between class membership, and child gender, marital status, income, and perception of neighborhood safety. Girls were more likely to be physically disciplined infrequently, Ï2(4, N = 310) = 11.88, p = .05. The âWeeklyâ class had significantly fewer married parents than all classes except âAlmost-Every-Dayâ, Ï2(4, N = 310) = 21.56, p < .001. Parents in the âAlmost-Every-Dayâ class had a significantly lower income than parents in all other classes except âWeekly-Allâ, Ï2(4, N = 310) = 10.88, p = .03. Finally, parents in the âAlmost-Every-Dayâ class perceived their neighborhood as significantly less safe compared to those in all other classes except the âWeekly-Allâ class, Ï2(4, N = 310) = 14.13 p = .01. These findings suggest that AA families vary in physical discipline during early childhood; this variation may result in sub-groups with different demographic characteristics. Associations between frequent discipline classes and perceptions of neighborhood safety implies that some AA parents may use physical discipline to protect their children from being harmed if they believe their communities are unsafe. Future research should qualitatively examine how AA parents respond to unsafe neighborhoods in their parenting behaviors, including physical discipline
A preliminary systems study of interface equipment for digitally programmed flight simulators
Design study of digitally programmed supersonic transport flight simulato
The Symbolic Dynamics Of Multidimensional Tiling Systems
We prove a multidimensional version of the theorem that every shift of finite type has a power that can be realized as the same power of a tiling system. We also show that the set of entropies of tiling systems equals the set of entropies of shifts of finite type
- âŠ