Invited review: Adrenocortical function in avian and non-avian reptiles: Insights from dispersed adrenocortical cells.

Herein we review our work involving dispersed adrenocortical cells from several lizard species: the Eastern Fence Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), Yarrow\u27s Spiny Lizard (Sceloporus jarrovii), Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) and the Yucatán Banded Gecko (Coleonyx elegans). Early work demonstrated changes in steroidogenic function of adrenocortical cells derived from adult S. undulatus associated with seasonal interactions with sex. However, new information suggests that both sexes operate within the same steroidogenic budget over season. The observed sex effect was further explored in orchiectomized and ovariectomized lizards, some supported with exogenous testosterone. Overall, a suppressive effect of testosterone was evident, especially in cells from C. elegans. Life stage added to this complex picture of adrenal steroidogenic function. This was evident when sexually mature and immature Sceloporus lizards were subjected to a nutritional stressor, cricket restriction/deprivation. There were divergent patterns of corticosterone, aldosterone, and progesterone responses and associated sensitivities of each to corticotropin (ACTH). Finally, we provide strong evidence that there are multiple, labile subpopulations of adrenocortical cells. We conclude that the rapid (days) remodeling of adrenocortical steroidogenic function through fluctuating cell subpopulations drives the circulating corticosteroid profile of Sceloporus lizard species. Interestingly, progesterone and aldosterone may be more important with corticosterone serving as essential supportive background. In the wild, the flux in adrenocortical cell subpopulations may be adversely susceptible to climate-change related disruptions in food sources and to xenobiotic/endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We urge further studies using native lizard species as bioindicators of local pollutants and as models to examine the broader eco-exposome

Promiscuity and high level of multiple paternity in common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis): data from microsatellite markers

Little is known about themating system of the common wall lizard Podarcis muralis. Behavioural and observational data have demonstrated that females frequently mate with multiple males. However, the possible occurrence of multiple paternity has never been investigated. By using microsatellite paternity analysis in a wild population, we document this species indeed mate promiscuously and these matings resulted in multiple paternity in at least 87% of the clutches examined. [Authors]]]> Lizards ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Microsatellite Repeats eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_17EAFC1A4DE4 2022-05-07T01:11:25Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_17EAFC1A4DE4 Encapsulation of neurotrophic factor-releasing cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. info:doi:10.3233/RNN-1995-81215 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3233/RNN-1995-81215 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/21551809 Aebischer, P. Tan, S.A. Déglon, N. Heyd, B. Zurn, A. Baetge, E. Sagot, Y. Kato, A. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1995 Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 65-66 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/0922-6028 urn:issn:0922-6028 eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_17EB1DA9D7D0 2022-05-07T01:11:25Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_17EB1DA9D7D0 De la représentation des assurés devant le tribunal arbitral des assurances institué par l'article 89 LAMal Duc, J.-L. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2011 Pratique juridique actuelle (AJP/PJA), vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 85-89 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1660-3362 fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_17EBAE571092 2022-05-07T01:11:25Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_17EBAE571092 Relations between bone densitometry of the forearm and quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus in elderly women Krieg, M.A. Bovard, E. Cornuz, J. Häuselmann, H.J. Burckhardt, P. info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject inproceedings 1998 2nd Joint Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the International Bone and Mineral Society, vol. 23, pp. F476 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/8756-3282 eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_17EC19A8E9D8 2022-05-07T01:11:25Z urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_17EC19A8E9D8 Culture de la performance et abus sexuels dans le sport Ohl, Fabien Schoch, Lucie info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2020-02-05 Le Temps fre https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_17EC19A8E9D8.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_17EC19A8E9D88 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_17EC19A8E9D88 info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Restricted: indefinite embargo Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_17ED39C35D5A 2022-05-07T01:11:25Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_17ED39C35D5A Lectures et plaisirs : pour une reconceptualisation des modes et des types de lecture littéraire info:doi:10.4000/edl.610 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.4000/edl.610 http://www.unil.ch/edl/fr/home.html Bemporad, C. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2014 Etudes de Lettres. Revue de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Lausanne, no. 1, pp. 65-83 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/2296-5084 fre X2074055640/507 <OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"> 2022-05-11T12:07:00Z http://serval.unil.ch/oaiprovider/ oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_17ED46F3E2BE 2022-05-07T01:11:25Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_17ED46F3E2BE Stapled Porcine Pericardium Displays Lower Infectivity In Vitro Than Native and Sutured Porcine Pericardium. info:doi:10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.013 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jss.2021.11.013 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/34973547 Del Tatto, B. Le Roy, D. Lambelet, M. Corpataux, J.M. Chakfé, N. Giulieri, S. Allagnat, F. Roger, T. Saucy, F. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2022-04 The Journal of surgical research, vol. 272, pp. 132-138 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1095-8673 urn:issn:0022-4804 <![CDATA[Biological xenografts using tubulized porcine pericardium are an alternative to replace infected prosthetic graft. We recently reported an innovative technique using a stapled porcine pericardial bioconduit for immediate vascular reconstruction in emergency. The objective of this study is to compare the growth and adherence to grafts of bacteria and yeast incubated with stapled porcine pericardium, sutured or naked pericardium. One square centimeter of porcine pericardial patches, with or without staples or sutures, was incubated with 10 &lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; colony forming units of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans for 1, 6, and 24 h. The medium was collected to quantify planktonic microorganisms, while grafts were sonicated to quantify adherent microorganisms. Dacron and Dacron Silver were analyzed in parallel as synthetic reference prostheses. Stapled porcine pericardium reduced the growth and the adherence of E coli (2- to 30-fold; P &lt; 0.0005), S aureus (11- to 1000-fold; P &lt; 0.0006), S epidermidis (&gt;500-fold; P &lt; 0.0001), and C albicans (12- to 50-fold; P &lt; 0.0001) when compared to medium alone (growth) and pericardium or Dacron (adherence). Native and sutured porcine pericardium interfered with the growth and the adherence of E coli and C albicans, and Dacron with that of S epidermidis. As expected, Dacron Silver was robustly bactericidal. Stapled porcine pericardium exhibited a lower susceptibility to infection by bacteria and yeasts in vitro when compared to the native and sutured porcine pericardium. Stapled porcine pericardium might be a good option for rapid vascular grafting without increasing infectivity

Proximate Developmental Mediators of Sexual Dimorphism in Size: Case Studies from Squamate Reptiles

Sexual dimorphism in size (sexual size dimorphism; SSD) is nearly ubiquitous, but the relative importance of genetic versus environmental control of SSD is not known for most species. We investigated proximate determinants of SSD in several species of squamate reptiles, including three species of Sceloporus lizards and the diamond‐backed rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). In natural populations of these species, SSD is caused by sexual differences in age‐specific growth. Males and females, however, may often share similar potentials for growth: growth is strongly responsive to the availability of food, and sexual differences in growth can be greatly suppressed or completely absent under common environmental conditions in the laboratory. Sexually divergent growth is expressed in natural environments because of inherent ecological differences between males and females and because of potential epigenetic effects of sex‐specific growth regulators. In field‐active Sceloporus, sexual differences in growth rate are associated with sexual divergence in plasma testosterone. Experiments confirm that testosterone inhibits growth in species in which females are larger (for example, S. undulatus and S. virgatus) and stimulates growth in those in which males are larger (for example, S. jarrovii). Interestingly, however, sexual divergence in plasma testosterone is not accompanied by divergence in growth in S. jarrovii or in male‐larger C. atrox in the laboratory. Furthermore, experimental effects of castration and testosterone replacement on growth are not evident in captive S. jarrovii, possibly because growth effects of testosterone are superseded by an abundant, high‐quality diet. In female‐larger S. undulatus, growth may be traded‐off against testosterone‐induced reproductive costs of activity. In male‐larger species, costs of reproduction in terms of growth are suggested by supplemental feeding of reproductive female C. atrox in their natural environment and by experimental manipulation of reproductive cost in female S. jarrovii. Growth costs of reproduction, however, do not contribute substantially to the development of SSD in male‐larger S. jarrovii. We conclude that the energetic costs of testosterone‐induced, male reproductive behavior may contribute substantially to the development of SSD in some female‐larger species. However, despite strong evidence that reproductive investment exacts a substantial cost in growth, we do not support the reproductive cost hypothesis as a general explanation of SSD in male‐larger species

Hormones, Performance and Fitness: Natural History and Endocrine Experiments on a Lizard (Sceloporus undulatus

Synopsis We used the &apos;&apos;morphology-performance-fitness &apos;&apos; paradigm (Arnold, 1983) as our framework to investigate endocrine control of performance and fitness in Sceloporus undulatus (Eastern Fence Lizard). Focusing on males, we used the &apos;&apos;natural experiments&apos;&apos; of seasonal, sexual, and developmental variation in growth and in exercise endurance to identify testosterone and corticosterone as potential modulators of performance and related traits of interest. We followed with experimental manipulations of testosterone to investigate functional relationships, both in the laboratory and in the field. Further, we used focal observations and demographic studies, coupled with genetic determination of paternity, to test associations between performance and fitness, measured as reproductive success. We found that in males, endurance and plasma concentrations of testosterone and corticosterone are at their peaks in the spring breeding season, when lizards are most actively engaged in patrolling home ranges and in reproductive behavior. At that time, plasma concentrations of testosterone are correlated with body size; plasma concentrations of corticosterone and parameters of home range, including area and the number of overlapped females, are correlated with home-range overlap between males and females. During prereproductive development, males (but not females) experience a maturational increase in plasma testosterone. At about the same time, they become more active, expand their home ranges, and grow less quickly than do females, suggesting a trade-off in the allocation of energy, mediated by testosterone. Experimentally, testosterone has positive effects on fitness by stimulating endurance and reproductive activity and increasing home-range area, but it exacts costs in fitness by increasing ectoparasitism, decreasing growth, and decreasing survivorship. We found evidence of selection on body size, endurance, and home-range size (and thus access to potential mates). Despite having positive effects on performance traits, plasma concentrations of testosterone were not correlated with number of offspring sired by males. However, we found a strong correlation between the level of plasma corticosterone and the number of offspring sired. We also found evidence of size-assortative mating, indicating that for males, both the number and the size (and thus, fecundity) of their mates increase with body size. Our studies exemplify the power of natural history combined with experimental endocrine manipulations to identify hormonal regulators of performance and linkages to fitness. Furthermore, our results illustrate ecological and evolutionary significance of individual variation in endocrine traits

Soft Law as a New Mode of Governance: A Legal Perspective

After a brief review of the history and typology of soft law in public international law, we approach the concept deductively. We reject the binary view and subscribe to the continuum view. Building on the idea of graduated normativity and on the prototype theory of concepts, we submit that soft law is in the penumbra of law. It can be distinguished from purely political documents more or less readily, depending on its closeness to the prototype of law. Insights gained by the study of public international soft law are relevant to EC and EU soft law despite some differences between those legal orders. European soft law is created by institutions, Member States, and private actors. The legal effects of soft law acts can be clustered according to their relation to hard law. Both practical and normative considerations motivate reliance on soft law. An examination of the soft legal consequences of a disregard of soft law shows that compliance control mechanisms for hard and soft international law are converging. Moreover, some factors of compliance are independent of the theoretical hardness or softness of a given norm. In a legal policy perspective, the proliferation of soft law carries both dangers and benefits. Especially soft acts with a lawplus function do not weaken the respective regimes, but perfect them