Managing an Effective Way to Teach Business Ethics

Unethical behavior is prominent in the business world and typically leads to negative consequences for people and the environment. Business ethics education acknowledges that ethics teaching has a positive effect on business decisions; however, the problem was the lack of information that is specific to the factors and strategies required to best educate students in business ethics. This lack of information is demonstrated by continued ethical lapses. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to research what is known and unknown on the subject of teaching business ethics through a design intended to understand the lived experiences of ethics instructors. The ethical framework for this study was based on the virtue and justice approaches as a technique for analyzing ethical aspects of a decision, with the goal of improving ethical outcomes. Data collection was completed via interview questions regarding a successful strategy of teaching business ethics. To accomplish this goal, 15 business ethics instructors were interviewed individually to record their lived experiences relating to teaching ethics. Information relating to ethics course design, along with missing components, was the topic of questions. Data analysis using open and axial coding generated 7 major theme clusters that include highlighting character and virtue ethics, increasing concern for stakeholders, and employing the teachings of Socrates and other classic scholars as a basis. The implications for positive social change point to an opportunity for business schools to produce socially conscious leaders who engage in ethical conduct

Shortcomings in the market for developing country debt

The author recommends ways of improving incentives for developing countries to repay future loans : 1) by finding ways to increase the penalties for default, or making the penalties more certain. This would increase the debtor countries'willingness to pay, which would benefit all parties, 2) by studying how to use existing multinational and international organizations to increase the flow of relevant information to potential creditors, 3) by increasing precommitment of funds through increased penalties for default and other approaches. IMF contingency programs are already used extensively to establish some form of precommitment. Further use of international organizations along these lines may be possible. Mutually beneficial contracts are not currently possible because precommitment is not enforceable.Environmental Economics&Policies,Financial Intermediation,Economic Adjustment and Lending,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Theory&Research

Theater in the fiction of Marcel Proust

(print) 274 p. ; 22 cmProust and the Theater of His Time 3 -- Drama and Theater Allusions in A la recherche du temps perdu 23 -- Proust's Manipulation of Chronology 71 -- Quotations from Drama in A la recherche du temps perdu 95 -- Theater in the Action of A la recherche du temps perdu 123 -- Berma 124 -- Rachel 159 -- Berma and Rachel 174 -- Others 185 -- The Pattern of Theater Metaphors in A la recherche du temps perdu 197 -- Notes 239 -- Bibliography 257 -- Index 26

Architectural investigations of buildings as systems.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. Thesis. 1965. M.Arch.Bibliography: leaf 34.M.Arch

Sleep Disturbances and Glucose Metabolism in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

ObjectiveWe examined the associations of symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which was defined as loud snoring, stopping breathing for a while during sleep, and daytime sleepiness, and insomnia with glucose metabolism and incident type 2 diabetes in older adults.Research design and methodsBetween 1989 and 1993, the Cardiovascular Health Study recruited 5,888 participants ≥65 years of age from four U.S. communities. Participants reported SDB and insomnia symptoms yearly through 1989-1994. In 1989-1990, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, from which insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were estimated. Fasting glucose levels were measured in 1989-1990 and again in 1992-1993, 1994-1995, 1996-1997, and 1998-1999, and medication use was ascertained yearly. We determined the cross-sectional associations of sleep symptoms with fasting glucose levels, 2-h glucose levels, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion using generalized estimated equations and linear regression models. We determined the associations of updated and averaged sleep symptoms with incident diabetes in Cox proportional hazards models. We adjusted for sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, and medical history.ResultsObserved apnea, snoring, and daytime sleepiness were associated with higher fasting glucose levels, higher 2-h glucose levels, lower insulin sensitivity, and higher insulin secretion. The risk of the development of type 2 diabetes was positively associated with observed apnea (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84 [95% CI 1.19-2.86]), snoring (HR 1.27 [95% CI 0.95-1.71]), and daytime sleepiness (HR 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.12]). In contrast, we did not find consistent associations between insomnia symptoms and glucose metabolism or incident type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsEasily collected symptoms of SDB are strongly associated with insulin resistance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in older adults. Monitoring glucose metabolism in such patients may prove useful in identifying candidates for lifestyle or pharmacological therapy. Further studies are needed to determine whether insomnia symptoms affect the risk of diabetes in younger adults