Testing optically stimulated luminescence dating on sand-sized quartz of deltaic deposits from the Sperchios delta plain, central Greece

This study reports on the first investigation into the potential of luminescence dating to establish a chronological framework for the depositional sequences of the Sperchios delta plain, central Greece. A series of three borehole cores (20 m deep) and two shallow cores (4 m deep), from across the delta plain, were extracted, and samples were collected for luminescence dating. The luminescence ages of sand-sized quartz grains were obtained from small aliquots of quartz, using the Single-Aliquot Regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. The equivalent dose determination included a series of tests and the selection of the Minimum Age Model (MAM) as the most appropriate statistical model. This made it possible to confirm the applicability of quartz Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating to establish absolute chronology for deltaic sediments from the Sperchios delta plain.Testing age results of the five cores showed that the deltaic sediments were deposited during the Holocene. A relatively rapid deposition is implied for the top ∼14 m possibly as a result of the deceleration in the rate of the sea-level rise and the transition to terrestrial conditions, while on the deeper parts, the reduced sedimentation rate may indicate a lagoonal or coastal environment

Plasticity in dendroclimatic response across the distribution range of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)

We investigated the variability of the climate-growth relationship of Aleppo pine across its distribution range in the Mediterranean Basin. We constructed a network of tree-ring index chronologies from 63 sites across the region. Correlation function analysis identified the relationships of tree-ring index to climate factors for each site. We also estimated the dominant climatic gradients of the region using principal component analysis of monthly, seasonal, and annual mean temperature and total precipitation from 1,068 climatic gridpoints. Variation in ring width index was primarily related to precipitation and secondarily to temperature. However, we found that the dendroclimatic relationship depended on the position of the site along the climatic gradient. In the southern part of the distribution range, where temperature was generally higher and precipitation lower than the regional average, reduced growth was also associated with warm and dry conditions. In the northern part, where the average temperature was lower and the precipitation more abundant than the regional average, reduced growth was associated with cool conditions. Thus, our study highlights the substantial plasticity of Aleppo pine in response to different climatic conditions. These results do not resolve the source of response variability as being due to either genetic variation in provenance, to phenotypic plasticity, or a combination of factors. However, as current growth responses to inter-annual climate variability vary spatially across existing climate gradients, future climate-growth relationships will also likely be determined by differential adaptation and/or acclimation responses to spatial climatic variation. The contribution of local adaptation and/or phenotypic plasticity across populations to the persistence of species under global warming could be decisive for prediction of climate change impacts across populations. In this sense, a more complex forest dynamics modeling approach that includes the contribution of genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity can improve the reliability of the ecological inferences derived from the climate-growth relationships.This work was partially supported by Spanish Ministry of Education and Science co-funded by FEDER program (CGL2012-31668), the European Union and the National Ministry of Education and Religion of Greece (EPEAEK- Environment – Archimedes), the Slovenian Research Agency (program P4-0015), and the USDA Forest Service. The cooperation among international partners was supported by the COST Action FP1106, STREeSS

The deterioration of materials as a result of air pollution as derived from satellite and ground based observations

Dose-Response Functions (DRFs) are widely used in estimating corrosion and/or soiling levels of materials used in constructions and cultural monuments. These functions quantify the effects of air pollution and environmental parameters on different materials through ground based measurements of specific air pollutants and climatic parameters. Here, we propose a new approach where available satellite observations are used instead of ground-based data. Through this approach, the usage of DRFs is expanded in cases/areas where there is no availability of in situ measurements, introducing also a totally new field where satellite data can be shown to be very helpful. In the present work satellite observations made by MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) on board Terra and Aqua, OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) on board Aura and AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder) on board Aqua have been used.Comment: This paper is in its final stage for submission to the Atmospheric Environment journa

The Signature of the Coronavirus Lockdown in Air Pollution in Greece

The change in atmospheric pollution from a public lockdown in Greece introduced to curb the spread of the COVID-19 is examined based on ground-based and satellite observations. The results showed that in most cases, the change in atmospheric pollution is not statistically significant. It is probably an artifact of the meteorological conditions that contributed significantly to the long-range transport of air pollutants over Greece during the shutdown period

Application and Testing of the Extended-Kalman-Filtering Technique for Determining the Planetary Boundary-Layer Height over Athens, Greece

We investigate the temporal evolution of the planetary boundary-layer (PBL) height over the basin of Athens, Greece, during a 6-year period (2011–2016), using data from a Raman lidar system. The range-corrected lidar signals are selected around local noon (1200 UTC) and midnight (0000 UTC), for a total of 332 cases: 165 days and 167 nights. In this dataset, the extended-Kalman filtering technique is applied and tested for the determination of the PBL height. Several well-established techniques for the PBL height estimation based on lidar data are also tested for a total of 35 cases. The lidar-derived PBL heights are compared to those derived from radiosonde data. The mean PBL height over Athens is found to be 1617 ± 324 m at 1200 UTC and 892 ± 130 m at 0000 UTC for the period examined, while the mean PBL-height growth rate is found to be 170 ± 64 m h and 90 ± 17 m h during daytime and night-time, respectively.The research leading to these results has received additional funding from the European Union 7th Framework Program (FP7/2011-2015) and Horizon 2020/2015-2021 Research and Innovation program (ACTRIS) under grant agreements nos 262254, 654109, and 739530, as well as from Spanish National Science Foundation and FEDER funds PGC2018-094132-B-I00. CommSensLab-UPC is a María-de-Maeztu Excellence Unit, MDM-2016-0600, funded by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Spai

Relative humidity vertical profiling using lidar-based synergistic methods in the framework of the Hygra-CD campaign

Accurate continuous measurements of relative humidity (RH) vertical profiles in the lower troposphere have become a significant scientific challenge. In recent years a synergy of various ground-based remote sensing instruments have been successfully used for RH vertical profiling, which has resulted in the improvement of spatial resolution and, in some cases, of the accuracy of the measurement. Some studies have also suggested the use of high-resolution model simulations as input datasets into RH vertical profiling techniques. In this paper we apply two synergetic methods for RH profiling, including the synergy of lidar with a microwave radiometer and high-resolution atmospheric modeling. The two methods are employed for RH retrieval between 100 and 6000 m with increased spatial resolution, based on datasets from the HygrA-CD (Hygroscopic Aerosols to Cloud Droplets) campaign conducted in Athens, Greece from May to June 2014. RH profiles from synergetic methods are then compared with those retrieved using single instruments or as simulated by high-resolution models. Our proposed technique for RH profiling provides improved statistical agreement with reference to radiosoundings by 27 % when the lidar–radiometer (in comparison with radiometer measurements) approach is used and by 15 % when a lidar model is used (in comparison with WRF-model simulations). Mean uncertainty of RH due to temperature bias in RH profiling was  ∼ 4.34 % for the lidar–radiometer and  ∼ 1.22 % for the lidar–model methods. However, maximum uncertainty in RH retrievals due to temperature bias showed that lidar-model method is more reliable at heights greater than 2000 m. Overall, our results have demonstrated the capability of both combined methods for daytime measurements in heights between 100 and 6000 m when lidar–radiometer or lidar–WRF combined datasets are available.The authors thank the ITaRS program for generous support. The research leading to this article has received funding from the European Community’s FP7 – PEOPLE 2011 under grant agreement number 289923 – ITARS (Initial Training for Atmospheric Remote Sensing) and has also been supported by the National Core Program – PN 16.40.01.01/2017 and ROSA – STAR project CARESSE. All WRF simulations were performed on the MareNostrum supercomputer hosted by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). We acknowledge the project CGL2013- 46736-R, and the Severo Ochoa Programme awarded by the Spanish Government (SEV-2011-00067) and 2014 SGR 522. Additionally, the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement no. 602014, project ECARS (East European Centre for Atmospheric Remote Sensing). The Hellenic National Meteorological Service (HNMS) is acknowledged for performing the high-resolution radiosoundings. We acknowledge the team from the University of Cologne for the microwave radiometer calibration and installation the HygrA-CD campaign. The financial support of the ACTRIS Research Infrastructure Project by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 – Research and Innovation Framework Programme, under grant agreement no. 654169 is gratefully acknowledged. The topical editor, Vassiliki Kotroni, thanks two anonymous referees for help in evaluating this paper.Peer Reviewe

Fuzzy model hodnocení rizik pro environmentální start-up projekty v sektoru letecké dopravy

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy model of the risk assessment for environmental start-up projects in the air transport sector at the stage of business expansion. The model developed for the following software will be a useful tool for the risk decision support system of investment funds in financing environmental start-up projects at the stage of market conquest. Developing a quantitative risk assessment for environmental start-up projects for the air transport sector will increase the resilience of making risk decisions about their financing by the investors. In this paper, a set of 21 criteria for assessing the risk of launching environmental start-up projects in the air transport sector were formulated for the first time by presenting inputs in the form of a linguistic risk assessment and the number of credible expert considerations. The fuzzy risk assessment model, based on expert knowledge, uses linguistic variables, reveals the uncertainty of the input data, and displays a risk assessment with linguistic interpretation. The result of the paper is a fuzzy model that is embedded in a generalized algorithm and tested in an example risk assessment of environmental start-up projects in the air transport sector.Účelem tohoto příspěvku je vyvinout fuzzy model posuzování rizik pro environmentální začínající projekty v odvětví letecké dopravy ve fázi obchodní expanze. Model vyvinutý pro následující software bude užitečným nástrojem pro systém podpory rizikových rozhodnutí investičních fondů při financování environmentálních start-up projektů ve fázi tržního dobytí. Vypracování kvantitativního posouzení rizik pro environmentální začínající projekty v odvětví letecké dopravy zvýší odolnost rizikových rozhodnutí ohledně jejich financování ze strany investorů. V tomto dokumentu bylo poprvé stanoveno 21 kritérií pro posuzování rizika zahájení environmentálních start-up projektů v odvětví letecké dopravy představením vstupů ve formě lingvistického hodnocení rizika a počtu důvěryhodných expertních úvah. Fuzzy model hodnocení rizik založený na odborných znalostech používá lingvistické proměnné, odhaluje nejistotu vstupních údajů a zobrazuje hodnocení rizik s lingvistickou interpretací. Výsledkem příspěvku je fuzzy model, který je zabudován do zobecněného algoritmu a testován na příkladu hodnocení rizik environmentálních začínajících projektů v odvětví letecké dopravy

Scaling Behavior of Peat Properties during the Holocene: A Case Study from Central European Russia

A better understanding of past climate change is vital to our ability to predict possible future environmental dynamics. This study attempts to investigate the dynamic features of the temporal variability of peat humification, water table depth and air temperature by analyzing palaeoecological data from the Valdai Uplands region (Central European Russia). The regression analysis revealed the presence of a periodicity of about 6000 years in the reconstructed peat humification timeseries. Nonlinear analysis showed that humification time variability, water table depth and air temperature exhibit persistent long-range correlations of 1/f type. This indicates that a fluctuation in these variables in the past is very likely to be followed by a similar one in the future, but is magnified by 1/f power-law. In addition, it dictates that humification, water table depth and temperature are key parameters of a system that implies the existence of a special structure, such as self-organized criticality, operating close to a minimum stability configuration, and achieves it without any fine adjustment by external forcing. These conclusions point to new avenues for modeling future ecosystem disturbances and, in particular, for predicting relevant extreme events