1,156 research outputs found
International business operations of companies with Russian involvement in Southwestern Finland
Siirretty Doriast
Askens framtid
Asken (Fraxinus excelsior) Àr ett av vÄra Àdellövsslag och dess existens hotas av den vindburna svampsjukdomen askskottsjukan. Sjukdomen upptÀcktes först i Polen i början av 90-talet och spreds under en 20-Ärsperiod till de flesta lÀnder i Europa. Askskottsjukan orsakas av sporsÀcksvampen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus som har sitt ursprung i Asien. Sjukdomen förekommer i skogar, i kulturlandskap och i stÀder runt om i Europa. TrÀd i alla Äldrar drabbas men de yngre individerna tycks mest mottagliga och uppvisar snabbt symtom i form av vissnande skott och missfÀrgningar pÄ stam och grenar och dör ofta inom ett par Är. Studier har visat att alla arter av ask insjuknar i askskottsjukan men i olika grad. F. excelsior Àr den art som visat sig mest mottaglig för sjukdomen. Handel Àr en stor orsak till spridningen av askskottsjukan. SkötselÄtgÀrder och beskÀrning anses inte tillrÀckligt effektiva för att stoppa smittspridningen. Forskning i Sverige och runt om i Europa pÄgÄr för att ta fram resistent plantmaterial och förhoppningen Àr att askens existens och möjlighet att nÄ hög Älder kan sÀkerstÀllas. För den biologiska mÄngfalden har asken stor betydelse. Forskning visar att antalet arter av bland annat insekter, lavar och mossor knutna till ask Àr hela 483 st i Sverige. Bland dessa finns uppskattningsvis 53 st arter som Àr helt beroende av asken för sin existens. Vidare hyser asken tillsammans med almen, som Àr starkt hotad av almsjukan, 115 st gemensamma arter som endast kan leva pÄ eller av dessa tvÄ trÀdslag. Om asken och almen skulle försvinna kommer mÄnga arter knutna till dem ocksÄ försvinna. En utrotningskaskad Àr att vÀnta. Vikten av att trÀd kan bibehÄlla sin vitalitet och fÄ nÄ hög Älder Àr stor för den biologiska mÄngfalden. MÄnga arter knutna till trÀd Àr helt beroende av tillgÄng pÄ död ved och hÄligheter, vilket yngre trÀd sÀllan kan erbjuda. För att sÀkerstÀlla askens fortlevnad, och dÀrmed bevara biologisk mÄngfald, behövs förÀdling av resistent plantmaterial.Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is one of our domestic deciduous treespecies and its existence is threatened by the windborne ash dieback disease. The disease was first discovered in Poland in the early 1990s and spread over a 20-year period to most countries in Europe. Ash dieback is caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which originated in Asia. The disease occurs in forests, in cultural landscapes and in cities around Europe. Trees of all ages are affected, but the younger individuals seem most susceptible and quickly develop symptoms with wilting shoots and discolorations on trunks and branches and often die within a couple of years. Scientific research has shown that all species of ash are affected by ash dieback but to varying degrees. F. excelsior is the species that has been shown to be most susceptible to the disease. Trade is a major cause of the spread of ash dieback. Tree management and pruning are not considered effective enough to stop the spread of infection. Scientific research in Sweden and around Europe is ongoing to develop resistant plant material and the hope is that the ash's existence and opportunity to reach old age can be ensured. Ash is of great importance for biodiversity. Research shows that the number of species of for example insects, lichens and mosses associated with ash is as high as 483 in Sweden. Among these are an estimated 53 species obligated with ash. Furthermore, ash together with the elm, which is strongly threatened by elm disease, holds 115 species who can only that can only live on or by these two tree species. If the ash and elm were to go extinct, many other species would also disappear. An extinction cascade is to be expected. The importance of trees being able to maintain their vitality and reach old age is advantageous for biodiversity. Many species associated with trees are completely dependent on the availability of dead wood and cavities, which younger trees can rarely offer. To ensure the survival of the ash, and thereby preserving biodiversity, breeding resistant plant material is needed
Ownerâs perspective of aftercare after abdominal surgery in horses : through interviews with horse owners and reviewing of home care advices
EftervÄrd av en hÀst som bukopererats till följd av kolik Àr en tidskrÀvande uppgift för
djurÀgaren och den postoperativa perioden innehÄller flera komplikationsrisker. Med
anledning av detta Àr det viktigt med ett tydligt hemgÄngsrÄd för att minska risken för
komplikationer samt för att djurÀgaren ska kÀnna sig trygg i att ta över det fulla ansvaret
för hÀsten vid hemgÄng.
I det hÀr kandidatarbetet samlades hemgÄngsrÄd in frÄn fem av de sex svenska hÀstkliniker
och djursjukhus som utför bukkirurgi pÄ hÀst. HemgÄngsrÄden granskades och
analyserades med avseende pÄ rekommendationer gÀllande hagvistelse, motion, utfodring,
sÄrvÄrd och suturtagning. HemgÄngsrÄden frÄn klinikerna hade mycket gemensamt, men
skiljde sig Ät pÄ vissa punkter. Resultatet som erhölls utifrÄn granskning av hemgÄngsrÄd
och genom litteraturstudien visade att en successiv ökning av hÀstens motion och hagens
storlek var det mest fördelaktiga i rehabiliteringen efter en bukoperation. Utfodring spelade
ocksÄ en central roll för hÀstens ÄterhÀmtning. Utfallet visade att hÀsten helst bör Àta en
grovfoderbaserad foderstat i den första postoperativa perioden. Kraftfoder bör till en början
undvikas för att sedan, vid behov, introduceras lÄngsamt. Litteraturen och de flesta
hemgÄngsrÄd var överens om att suturtagning bör ske tio till fjorton dagar efter operationen
och att hÀsten bör ha bukbandage tre till fem dagar efter att suturerna avlÀgsnats.
Intervjuer utfördes med tre djurÀgare vars hÀst bukopererats till följd av kolik pÄ en svensk
hÀstklinik under Är 2019. I intervjuerna undersöktes hur djurÀgarna upplevt det skriftliga
hemgÄngsrÄdet samt stödet frÄn kliniken efter hemgÄng. Samtliga djurÀgare var överlag
nöjda med de skriftliga hemgÄngsrÄden och stödet de erhÄllit frÄn kliniken. TvÄ djurÀgare
pÄpekade dock att deras hemgÄngsrÄd inte var anpassade efter hÀstens Älder, vilket
resulterade i vissa oklarheter kring motion och hagvistelse. DjurÀgarna var alla positivt
instÀllda till att vid behov lÄta bukoperera sin hÀst i framtiden.
Sammanfattningsvis kunde en skillnad mellan klinikernas hemgÄngsrÄd observeras. Detta
skulle kunna bero pÄ att det bara finns en begrÀnsad mÀngd vetenskaplig litteratur inom
omrÄdet. PÄ grund av detta har klinikerna och djursjukhusen eventuellt fÄtt förlita sig pÄ
beprövad erfarenhet och personliga preferenser istÀllet för vetenskapliga studier. Forskning
kring djurÀgarens upplevelser vid bukoperation av hÀst var Àven den bristfÀllig. Mer
forskning inom bÄda dessa omrÄden erfordras för att kunna utveckla och förbÀttra
eftervÄrden av hÀstar som bukopererats till följd av kolik.The aftercare of a horse that has undergone laparotomy due to colic is a time-consuming
task for the horse owner and the postoperative period contains many risk factors. It is
therefore important that the horse owner receives a home care advice that is easy to
understand and to implement in their daily routine. A good home care advice reduces the
risk of complications and can make the horse owner feel more confident in taking full
responsibility for the aftercare of the horse.
In this bachelor's thesis home care advices were collected from five out of six Swedish
horse clinics and animal hospitals who perform laparotomy on horses. The home care
advices were reviewed and analyzed with focus on the recommendations regarding pasture
time, exercise, feeding, wound care and stitch removal. The home care advices from the
horse clinics and animal hospitals had a lot in common but differed in certain aspects. The
result from the review of the home care advices and the literature study showed that a
gradual increase in exercise and pasture size was the most advantageous in the
postoperative rehabilitation for the horse after laparotomy. Feeding was also of great
importance in the recovery. The results showed that the horse initially should be fed a
roughage-based diet and that concentrate feed should be avoided at first and then slowly
introduced, if the horse needs it. The literature and a majority of the home care advices
agreed that stitch removal should be done ten to fourteen days post-surgery and that the
horse may need an abdominal bandage for three to five days after that.
Three horse owners whose horse went through laparotomy as a result of colic at a Swedish
horse clinic in the year of 2019 were interviewed. In the interviews the horse owners were
asked about their experiences regarding the home care advice and the support they received
from the clinic. All horse owners were generally satisfied with the written home care advice
and the support from the clinic. Two owners however pointed out that their home care
advice did not consider the age of the horse or itâs area of use, which led to some confusion
regarding exercise and pasture turnout. All the horse owners had a positive attitude towards
having their horse going through laparotomy if needed in the future.
In summary, some differences between the horse clinicsâ home care advice were identified.
This could be due to insufficient scientific literature discussing the subject. As a result the
horse clinics may have had to rely on experience and personal preferences. Research
regarding horse ownersâ experiences when their horses are going through abdominal
surgery was also limited. More research in these areas is needed to develop and improve
the aftercare of horses undergoing laparotomy due to colic
Management of Information Systems Outsourcing: Challenges and Lessons Learned
To be successful in Information Systems (IS) outsourcing the necessity of better management practices has been pointed out.This research contributes to the knowledge base on management of IS outsourcing by addressing management of ISoutsourcing relationships. The research describes two cases of IS outsourcing relationships that differ in type of activityoutsourced, IS development versus IS maintenance and operation, and relationship composition. From the cases lessonslearnt are identified which with support from IS outsourcing literature are proposed as propositions for management of ISoutsourcing. It can be concluded that if the propositions, related to negotiation, communication and way of working, areadopted in an early stage they could contribute to successful IS outsourcing relationships. Another conclusion is that the ISoutsourcing management approach should not differ between type of IS activity outsourced, but rather reflect the nature ofthe IS activity; if it is a simple or complex activity
Salinity effects on cadmium concentrations in blue mussels in the Baltic Sea
This bachelorâs essay is a review written at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences on suggestion from the Swedish Museum of Natural History.
The purpose of this study was to increase the understanding of how the salinity in the Baltic Sea affects the concentrations of cadmium (Cd) observed in blue mussels,
Mytilus edulis, and to be able to predict more accurate future trends of the bioavailable Cd. Cadmium is a heavy metal that deposits to the Baltic Sea by runoff, point
sources and atmospheric deposition. Cadmium is toxic to aquatic organisms and may bioaccumulate.
Blue mussels feed by filtering the water. Through the filtration the mussel is contaminated by chemical pollutants, which means that chemical analysis of mussels
can reflect how contaminated a habitat is. The mussels are suitable biomonitors since they are sedentary, easy to collect, abundant and large enough for tissue analysis.
In the Baltic Sea there is a salinity gradient with decreasing salinity from west to east and from south to north. The surface water has lower salinity compared to the
deep water. The mussel size is affected by the salinity with smaller mussels in less salty waters due to stress.
The amount of soluble cadmium in water is increasing with salinity since the salt is competing with Cd for adsorption sites on particles and the formation of soluble chloride complexes are increasing. However, since the chloride complexes are not bioavailable, the bioavailability of cadmium is increasing with decreasing salinity.
At the surface zooplanktons take up Cd from the water and in deeper layers it is released again by the decomposition by detritus, creating a vertical gradient. In deeper waters, below the detritus, the concentration is relatively constant.
While using organisms to examine pollutants, biological variations must be considered. One way to eliminate influences from individual differences is to put the
cadmium concentration in the soft tissue in relation to the mussel shells. Different body parts contain different concentrations of Cd. How the concentration is divided
between the body parts is however indefinitely, since different experiments have shown different results
VÀxtmaterial pÄ bostadsgÄrdar
BostadsgÄrdarnas miljö pÄverkas av den tidsperiod dÄ gÄrden Àr byggd. Historien bÀr pÄ bÄde bra och dÄliga exempel pÄ artval och vÀxtanvÀndning. PÄ 40- och 50-talen var naturen och inhemska arter i fokus, medan 60-talets gÄrdar gavs ett
monotonare utseende med framförallt tidstypisk Berberis thunbergii. VÀxterna Àr en viktig del för de boendes trivsel men utgör samtidigt en kostnad för förvaltare.
Fel vÀxtval leder ofta till onödiga skötselkostnader pÄ sikt. BÀttre kunskap i vÀxtmateriallÀra gör att kostnader pÄ grund av fel vÀxtval kan undvikas. Detta kandidatarbete undersöker det vÀxtmaterial som landskapsarkitekten anvÀnder pÄ dagens bostadsgÄrdar och behandlar tre huvudfrÄgor: vilka vÀxter anvÀnds, hur anvÀnds de och vad pÄverkar valet av art? VÀxtmaterialet som undersöks avgrÀnsas i arbetet till trÀd och buskar dÄ dessa Àr av störst betydelse för rumsbildningen pÄ bostadsgÄrden. Intervjuer med verksamma landskapsarkitekter och med
svenska partiplantskolor samt en fallstudie av fem nyanlagda bostadsgÄrdar i Uppsala utgör kÀrnan i arbetet. Resultatet tyder pÄ att vÀxter idag vÀljs efter funktion,
men att tydliga trender förekommer. Storleken pĂ„ gĂ„rden tycks vara avgörande dĂ„ smĂ„vĂ€xta trĂ€d- och buskarter efterfrĂ„gas. Jag vill med arbetet ge en samtidsbild av det vĂ€xtmaterial som landskapsarkitekten anvĂ€nder pĂ„ bostadsgĂ„rdar och vad som ligger till grund för vĂ€xtvalen.The appearance of residential yards is affected by the era in which the yard was built. The history carries examples of both good and bad choices of plant species and the usage of them. Nature and native species were in style in the 1940-50s, while the 1960s residential yards were given a more monotonous appearance with above all the characteristic Berberis thunbergii. The plants are an important part of the residentsâ well-being but are also a cost for managers. Wrong choice of plants often leads to unnecessary maintenance costs in the long term. Better
knowledge of plant material allows that costs due to the wrong choice of plants can be avoided. This work explores which plant material the landscape architect prefers to use in residential yards today and addresses three major questions: which plants are commonly used, how is the plant material used and what affects the choice of species? This paper is limited to only trees and shrubs since they
have the biggest impact on the spatiality of the residential yard. This thesis involves interviews with active landscape architects and with Swedish nursery
gardens as well as a case study of five newly constructed residential yards in Uppsala. The study implies that functionality is critical in the choice of species,
but that clear trends exist. The size of the yard seems to be crucial, as small trees and shrubs are requested. With this thesis, I want to give a contemporary picture of which planting material the landscape architect uses in residential yards and on which basis the choices are made
Kasvojen 3D-kuvantaminen ortognaattisilla potilailla
TiivistelmÀ. Tutkimuksen aiheena on tutkia ortognaattisten potilaiden pehmytkudosmuutoksia kovakudoksiin kohdistuvan leikkauksen jÀlkeen. Ortognaattiset potilaat ovat potilaita, joilla siirretÀÀn kirurgisesti joko ylÀ- tai alaleukaa tai molempia leukoja eteen- tai taaksepÀin. Tutkimus on retrospektiivinen. Leikkauksen jÀlkeisiÀ muutoksia verrattiin leikkausta ennen vallinneeseen tilanteeseen kasvoprofiilikuvien ja vÀrikarttojen avulla.
Tutkimukseen kÀytettiin potilasdokumenttia, joka oli saatavilla Oulun yliopistollisesta sairaalasta. Potilaita tutkimuksessa oli 13. Potilaat kuvattiin kolmiulotteiseksi kuvaksi ennen ja jÀlkeen kirurgiaa. Leikkauksen jÀlkeen potilaat saatettiin kuvata useitakin kertoja leikkaustuloksen seuraamiseksi. Leikkausta ennen ja leikkauksen jÀlkeen otetut kuvat laitettiin tietokoneella pÀÀllekkÀin ja saatiin vÀrikartta, joka havainnollistaa muutosten suuruuden vÀrien avulla. Punainen tarkoittaa alueen tulevan eteenpÀin ja sininen alueen siirtymistÀ taaksepÀin. VihreÀ merkitsee alueen pysymistÀ paikoillaan.
Tutkimuksessa tutkittiin vÀrikarttamenetelmÀllÀ kolmiulotteisesti siirtyvÀtkö pehmytkudokset kirurgian jÀlkeen kovakudosten mukana ja jos hypoteesin mukaisesti siirtyvÀt, onko muutos pehmytkudoksissa samaa luokkaa kuin kovakudoksissa.
Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittavat, ettÀ kovakudoksia siirrettÀessÀ pehmytkudos tavallisesti seuraa kovakudoksia sagittaalisessa ramusosteotomiassa, mutta Le Fort I osteotomiassa muutos ei ole nÀin yksioikoinen. Le Fort I osteotomiassa pehmytkudos saattaa siirtyÀ myös taaksepÀin kovakudoksia eteenpÀin siirrettÀessÀ.
Kun tiedetÀÀn pehmytkudoksen siirtymisen suunta ja suuruus kovakudoksia siirrettÀessÀ, voidaan leikkaustulosta arvioida etukÀteen. TÀmÀ on tÀrkeÀÀ leikkauksen lopputulosta arvioitaessa. Visuaalisesta mallintamisesta on apua leikkaavalle kirurgille leikkausta suunniteltaessa sekÀ myös potilaille, jotka harkitsevat leikkaukseen osallistumista
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Diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of the Swedish version of the 4AT assessment test for delirium detection, in a mixed patient population and setting
Background: Delirium is common in older hospitalized patients. It has serious consequences e.g., poor health outcomes, mortality and increased costs. Despite that, many cases are undetected. Early detection of delirium is important in improving outcomes and use of assessment tools improves detection rates. The 4AT is a brief screening tool for delirium detection, which has not previously been translated into Swedish. The study aim was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability of a Swedish version of the screening tool 4AT for delirium detection.
Method: This diagnostic test accuracy study used a quantitative and a qualitative approach and evaluated the patientsâ and the health care professionalsâ experiences of the tool. Study included 200 patients â„65âyears from a university hospital and a county hospital in two Swedish regions. Medical specialties were geriatric stroke/neurology, geriatric multimorbidity, severe cognitive impairment, orthopaedic, and urology. The translated 4AT was tested against the reference standard DSM-IV-TR criteria, based on the Organic Brain Syndrome scale and patient records. The 4AT was assessed simultaneously and independently by two assessors. Additionally, data was collected through patient record reviews, and questions about applicability to the patients (nâ=â200) and the assessors (nâ=â37). Statistical analyses, and qualitative content analyses were conducted.
Results: By reference standard 18% had delirium, and by 4AT 19%. The overall percent agreement was 88%, AUROC 0.808, sensitivity 0.70 (95% CI 0.51â0.84) and specificity 0.92 (95% CI 0.87â0.96). In the ward for severe cognitive impairment (nâ=â63) the 4AT was less sensitive and less specific. In the other wards (nâ=â132) sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.50â0.93), specificity 0.93 (95% CI 0.87â0.97), and AUROC 0.848. Interrater reliability (Kappa) was 0.918, pâ=â\u3câ0.001 (nâ=â144). The 4AT was well tolerated by patients, easy to use for health care professionals, and took a few minutes to conduct.
Conclusion: The Swedish version of 4AT is an accurate and applicable tool to use in clinical practice for detecting delirium in hospitalized patients across different medical specialities, and to use by different professionals and levels of seniority. To improve patient outcomes, we recommend the 4AT to be incorporated in clinical practice in health care settings in Sweden
Antioxidant intake, plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress in a randomized, controlled, parallel, Mediterranean dietary intervention study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis
BACKGROUND: Previously we have reported that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) obtained a significant reduction in disease activity by adopting a Mediterranean-type diet. The present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant intake, the plasma levels of antioxidants and a marker of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde) during the study presented earlier. METHODS: RA patients randomized to either a Mediterranean type diet (MD group; n = 26) or a control diet (CD group; n = 25) were compared during a three month dietary intervention study. Their antioxidant intake was assessed by means of diet history interviews and their intake of antioxidant-rich foods by a self-administered questionnaire. The plasma levels of retinol, antioxidants (α- and Îł-tocopherol, ÎČ-carotene, lycopene, vitamin C and uric acid) and urinary malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker for oxidative stress, were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The Student's t-test for independent samples and paired samples were used to test differences between and within groups. For variables with skewed distributions Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were performed. To evaluate associations between dietary intake of antioxidants, as well as between disease activity, MDA and antioxidants we used Pearson's product moment correlation or Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS: The MD group had significantly higher intake frequencies of antioxidant-rich foods, and also higher intakes of vitamin C (p = 0.014), vitamin E (p = 0.007) and selenium (p = 0.004), and a lower intake of retinol (p = 0.049), compared to the CD group. However, the difference between the groups regarding vitamin C intake was not significant when under- and over-repoters were excluded (p = 0.066). There were no changes in urine MDA or in the plasma levels of antioxidants (after p-lipid adjustments of the tocopherol results), from baseline to the end of the study. The levels of retinol, vitamin C and uric acid were negatively correlated to disease activity variables. No correlation was found between antioxidant intake and the plasma levels of antioxidants. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in reported consumption of antioxidant-rich foods during the Mediterranean diet intervention, the levels of plasma antioxidants and urine MDA did not change. However, the plasma levels of vitamin C, retinol and uric acid were inversely correlated to variables related to RA disease activity
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