On the Entropy of a Two Step Random Fibonacci Substitution

Nilsson J. On the Entropy of a Two Step Random Fibonacci Substitution. Entropy. 2013;15(9):3312-3324.We consider a random generalization of the classical Fibonacci substitution. The substitution we consider is defined as the rule mapping, a → baa and b → ab, with probability , and → ba, with probability 1 – p for 0 < p < 1, and where the random rule is applied each time it acts on a . We show that the topological entropy of this object is given by the growth rate of the set of inflated random Fibonacci words, and we exactly calculate its value

Kyckling från uppfödning till konsument

The aiming with this project is to find out if a small scale chicken production can be profitable, from day-old chicks to a processed smoked product out to stores and consumers. The products will not be available in the stores all the time because we will give the customers quality rather than quantity, so when the product can't be found in the stores the customers will ask for it. The conclusion I found out is that it might be hard to raise chickens in these scale from an economic point of view the costs for transport, logistics, slaughter and marketing are to high.Detta arbete syftar till att få en uppfattning om det är ekonomiskt relevant att föda upp kyckling småskaligt, från daggammal kyckling till förädlad/rökt produkt ut till konsument. Vidare vill man se om produktionen kan vara utvecklingsbar och ge företaget underlag för fler betalda arbetstimmar. Litteraturstudier i kycklingproduktion och studiebesök hos uppfödare och slakteri har gjorts. Arbetet ger även en bild av hur förädlingen av kycklingen och marknadsföringen kommer att gå till. När de ekonomiska kalkylerna var gjorda framkom det att det kan vara svårt att få ekonomi på en småskalig produktion då bland annat kostnaden per kilo kyckling i slakttransport, slakt, distribution och marknadsföring blir hög. Det visade sig dock att inköp och slutuppfödning av 33 dagar gamla kycklingar gav ett bättre ekonomiskt resultat

Explaining farmers' adoption of mastitis control practices using psychological constructs from the theory of planned behavior

Mastitis control options (MCOs) are management actions that are adopted to prevent mastitis in dairy herds. In this study, the psychological constructs attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control are used to explain farmers' adoption of MCOs. So far, little research has used psychological constructs to explain adoption of MCOs. Based on recommendations by a Swedish dairy association (Va center dot xa) aimed at farmers, a total of 15 different management areas, representing MCOs for contagious and environmental bacteria, were used to characterize adoption behaviors. A total of 286 Swedish full-time farmers specializing in dairy production participated in the survey. Four different farmer groups were identified through a cluster analysis of similarities in how farmers adopted MCOs together with data on bulk milk somatic cell count and subjectively evaluated somatic cell counts on the farms. Regression analyses were performed to test whether the psychological constructs could explain differences in adoption across the MCO groups. Results revealed that farmers' decisions about which set of mastitis control options to adopt as preventive actions were explained by the farmers' perceived behavioral control of the situation and by differences in subjective norm. The attitude construct did not contribute to predicting the adoption of mastitis control options. Results suggest that work aimed at implementing MCOs should be complemented by programs specifically designed to improve the ability of farmers to use and/or combine MCOs to both alleviate and prevent mastitis. They also suggest that there is little to gain from programs aimed at fostering attitudes to prevent mastitis. We interpret the findings as indicating a need to strengthen perceived behavioral control as well as subjective norms among Swedish farmers' regarding their preventive work with mastitis. Understanding how to affect farmers' behavior, and thus reducing and controlling mastitis, will have positive effects on animal health and welfare in general

The concept of the sustainable port – ports becoming enablers of sustainability in trans-ports and logistics

Global transportation is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Portsplay an important role for the leap towards a more sustainable transport ecosystem. Overthe years, empowered by the Swedish innovation project I.Hamn, a concept for thesustainable port has been developed by the Swedish ports (see Appendix 1). This efforthas been financed by the Swedish Transport Administration’s industry programmeSustainable shipping managed by Lighthouse. The project is coordinated by the ResearchInstitutes of Sweden (RISE), and University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University ofTechnology are project partners.The result is a vision of the sustainable port, including a roadmap - developed togetherwith Lighthouse Focus group for Ports - supporting Swedish ports, in which the threepillars of sustainability have been addressed, i.e., economic, social, and environmentalsustainability.Globala transporter \ue4r en av de st\uf6rsta bidragsgivarna till utsl\ue4ppen av v\ue4xthusgaser. Hamnarna spelar en viktig roll f\uf6r spr\ue5nget mot ett mer h\ue5llbart transportekosystem. Genom insatser i innovationsprojektet I.Hamn har ett koncept f\uf6r den h\ue5llbara hamnen tagits fram av de svenska hamnarna (se Appendix 1). Satsningen har finansierats av Trafikverkets branschprogram H\ue5llbar sj\uf6fart som f\uf6rvaltas av Lighthouse. Projektet har koordinerats av Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) tillsammans med G\uf6teborgs universitet och Chalmers tekniska h\uf6gskola.\ua0Resultatet \ue4r en vision om den h\ue5llbara hamnen, inklusive en f\ue4rdplan - framtagen tillsammans med Lighthouse Fokusgrupp Hamnar - som st\uf6djer svenska hamnar, d\ue4r de tre pelarna f\uf6r h\ue5llbarhet har tagits upp, det vill s\ue4ga ekonomisk, social och milj\uf6m\ue4ssig h\ue5llbarhet

The personal music collection in a music streaming perspective

Bacheloroppgave i musikkproduksjon 2017Markedet for musikkstrømmetjenester er i stadig vekst. Musikksamlingen fortsetter å distansere seg fra å være en personlig eiendel til å bli en tjeneste vi abonnerer på. Hva gjør dette med verdien av en personlig musikksamling, og er dette et begrep som har blitt mindre relevant i verden av musikkstrømmetjenester? Vi analyserer kvantitative data fra en omfattende spørreundersøkelse gjennomført i Norge, hvor vi ser nærmere på fenomenet switching costs fra et brukerperspektiv. De fleste musikkstrømmetjenester har et stort verdensomspennende bibliotek med millioner av utgivelser. Er brukeren likegyldig til å bytte tjeneste, eller lever den personlige musikksamlingen i beste velgående inne i musikkstrømmetjenesten? Vi diskuterer bakenforliggende forskjeller mellom musikk i et strømmeperspektiv og musikk som personlige eiendeler. Hvor går grensen, og hvordan gjenspeiles disse forskjellene i brukerens opplevde switching costs? Vi lener oss på det vi finner relevant av tidligere forskning, men ser også at mye av forskningen som er gjort på musikkstrømmetjenester og atferd knyttet til musikk er ut fra et markedsførings- eller økonomiperspektiv. Vår oppgave dreier seg mer om eksistensielle spørsmål i krysningen mellom musikksamleren og musikksamlingen. Det mest oppsiktsvekkende resultatet er den store forskjellen mellom opplevde switching costs i relasjon til bruksgraden av fysiske formater sett i forhold til bruksgraden av strømmetjenester.Engelsk sammendrag (abstract) The market for music streaming services is continuously growing. Recorded music in itself is becoming a service rather than a tangible object. What implications does this transition have in relation to our personal music collections? How are we to view the personal Music collection from the perspective of music streaming? We analyse quantitative data from a major research project conducted in Norway, where we have chosen to examine the term 'switching costs' from a consumer perspective. Most music streaming services have a vast music library spanning across millions of releases. Knowing that it is all there to Access anyway, is the streaming user totally indifferent to the idea of switching to another service? Where does the personal music library fit into this equation? Does it exist within the streaming service, and what inherent value does it possess? We discuss fundamental differences between music in the access based perspective of streaming, versus the more tangible perspective of music as personal possessions. Where do you draw the line, and how are these differences (if any) reflected in the user's perceived switching costs? While taking into account existing terminology and previous research in the field, we also found that most of this research is conducted through the lense of arketing or economics. We would argue that our research examines a more existential question in the intersection between the music collector and the music collection. The most interesting discovery was the difference in perceived switching costs between users of physical formats and users of streaming services

The Power of Associative Learning and The Ontogeny of Optimal Behaviour

Behaving efficiently (optimally or near-optimally) is central to animals’ adaptation to their environment. Much evolutionary biology assumes, implicitly or explicitly, that optimal behavioural strategies are genetically inherited, yet the behaviour of many animals depends crucially on learning. The question of how learning contributes to optimal behaviour is largely open. Here we propose an associative learning model that can learn optimal behaviour in a wide variety of ecologically relevant circumstances. The model learns through chaining, a term introduced by Skinner to indicate learning of behaviour sequences by linking together shorter sequences or single behaviours. Our model formalizes the concept of conditioned reinforcement (the learning process that underlies chaining) and is closely related to optimization algorithms from machine learning. Our analysis dispels the common belief that associative learning is too limited to produce ‘intelligent’ behaviour such as tool use, social learning, selfcontrol or expectations of the future. Furthermore, the model readily accounts for both instinctual and learned aspects of behaviour, clarifying how genetic evolution and individual learning complement each other, and bridging a long-standing divide between ethology and psychology. We conclude that associative learning, supported by genetic predispositions and including the oft-neglected phenomenon of conditioned reinforcement, may suffice to explain the ontogeny of optimal behaviour in most, if not all, non-human animals. Our results establish associative learning as a more powerful optimizing mechanism than acknowledged by current opinion

Start-up Optimization of a Combined Cycle Power Plant

In the electricity market of today, with increasing demand for electricity production on short notice, the combined cycle power plant stands high regarding fast start-ups and efficiency. In this paper it has been shown how the dynamic start-up procedure of a combined cycle power plant can be optimized using JModelica. org, proposing a way to minimize the start-up time while maximizing the power production during start-up. The physical models have been developed in Modelica, adapted to suit optimization purposes and extended to optimization problems. Constraints keeping the lifetime consumption of critically stressed components under control are limiting factors. The plant models have been successfully optimized to full load