58 research outputs found
New observations regarding deterministic, time reversible thermostats and Gauss's principle of least constraint
- Publication venue
- 'AIP Publishing'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2005
- Field of study
Deterministic thermostats are frequently employed in non-equilibrium
molecular dynamics simulations in order to remove the heat produced
irreversibly over the course of such simulations. The simplest thermostat is
the Gaussian thermostat, which satisfies Gauss's principle of least constraint
and fixes the peculiar kinetic energy. There are of course infinitely many ways
to thermostat systems, e.g. by fixing i∑∣pi∣μ+1. In
the present paper we provide, for the first time, convincing arguments as to
why the conventional Gaussian isokinetic thermostat (μ=1) is unique in this
class. We show that this thermostat minimizes the phase space compression and
is the only thermostat for which the conjugate pairing rule (CPR) holds.
Moreover it is shown that for finite sized systems in the absence of an applied
dissipative field, all other thermostats (μ=1) perform work on the system
in the same manner as a dissipative field while simultaneously removing the
dissipative heat so generated. All other thermostats (μ=1) are thus
auto-dissipative. Among all μ-thermostats, only the μ=1 Gaussian
thermostat permits an equilibrium state.Comment: 27 pages including 10 figures; submitted for publication Journal of
Chemical Physic
New observations regarding deterministic, time-reversible thermostats and Gauss’s principle of least constraint
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2005
- Field of study
Articles you may be interested in Deterministic thermostats are frequently employed in nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations in order to remove the heat produced irreversibly over the course of such simulations. The simplest thermostat is the Gaussian thermostat, which satisfies Gauss's principle of least constraint and fixes the peculiar kinetic energy. There are of course infinitely many ways to thermostat systems, e.g., by fixing ͚ i ͉p i ͉ +1 . In the present paper we provide, for the first time, convincing arguments as to why the conventional Gaussian isokinetic thermostat ͑ =1͒ is unique in this class. We show that this thermostat minimizes the phase space compression and is the only thermostat for which the conjugate pairing rule holds. Moreover, it is shown that for finite sized systems in the absence of an applied dissipative field, all other thermostats ͑ 1͒ perform work on the system in the same manner as a dissipative field while simultaneously removing the dissipative heat so generated. All other thermostats ͑ 1͒ are thus autodissipative. Among all thermostats, only the = 1 Gaussian thermostat permits an equilibrium state
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
- Author
- Abbott Randy
- Abell James S.
- Abernathy Mark
- Abney Faith E.
- Abraham John G.
- Abraham Roberto
- Abul-Huda Yasin M.
- Acton Scott
- Adams Cynthia K.
- Adams Evan
- Adler David S.
- Adriaensen Maarten
- Aguilar Jonathan Albert
- Ahmed Mansoor
- Ahmed Nasif S.
- Ahmed Tanjira
- Alarcon Rafael Ramos
- Albat Rüdeger
- Albert Loïc
- Alberts Stacey
- Aldridge David
- Allen Mary Marsha
- Allen Shaune S.
- Altenburg Martin
- Altunc Serhat
- Alvarez Jose Lorenzo
- Ambrose Leslie L.
- Anandakrishnan Satya M.
- Andersen Gregory C.
- Anderson Harry James
- Anderson Jay
- Anderson Kristen
- Anderson Sara M.
- Aprea Julio
- Archer Benita J.
- Arenberg Jonathan W.
- Argyriou Ioannis
- Arribas Santiago
- Artigau Étienne
- Arvai Amanda Rose
- Atcheson Paul
- Atkinson Charles B.
- Averbukh Jesse
- Aymergen Cagatay
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- White Christy L.
- Whitehouse Paul
- Whiteleather Jennifer Margaret
- Whitman William Russell
- Williams Christina C.
- Willmer Christopher N. A.
- Willott Chris J.
- Willoughby Scott P.
- Wilson Andrew
- Wilson Debra
- Wilson Donna V.
- Windhorst Rogier
- Wislowski Emily Christine
- Wolfe David J.
- Wolfe Michael A.
- Wolff Schuyler
- Wondel Amancio
- Woo Cindy
- Woods Robert T.
- Worden Elaine
- Workman William
- Wright Gillian S.
- Wu Carl
- Wu Chi-Rai
- Wun Dakin D.
- Wymer Kristen B.
- Yadetie Thomas
- Yan Isabelle C.
- Yang Keith C.
- Yates Kayla L.
- Yeager Christopher R.
- Yerger Ethan John
- Young Erick T.
- Young Gary
- Yu Gene
- Yu Susan
- Zak Dean S.
- Zeidler Peter
- Zepp Robert
- Zhou Julia
- Zincke Christian A.
- Zonak Stephanie
- Zondag Elisabeth
- Álvarez-Márquez Javier
- Östlin Göran
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 10/04/2023
- Field of study
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4m.
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the 6.5m James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
Proceedings of the Virtual 3rd UK Implementation Science Research Conference : Virtual conference. 16 and 17 July 2020.
- Author
- Abroms Lorien
- Adriaanse MC
- Ahuja Shalini
- Ahuja Shalini
- Allaham Shereen
- Allan Louise
- Amato Michael
- Amiel Stephanie
- Amiel Stephanie
- Andleeb Humma
- ASPIRES study coinvestigators
- Bailey Maria
- Bakolis Ioannis
- Bakolis Ioannis
- Bakolis Ioannis
- Balayah Zuhur
- Barker Nicki
- Batura Neha
- Bawab Noura
- Bell Jack
- Belton Emma
- Benbow N
- Benbow Nanette
- Bergin Aislinn
- Best Stephani
- Bestwick Harry
- Bhatti Faheem
- Bidwell Posy
- Binagwaho Agnes
- Birgand Gabriel
- Birgand Gabriel
- Brady Sarah
- Braithwaite Jeffrey
- Brandt HE
- Bright Sophie
- Brima Nataliya
- Briscoe Simon
- Brooks Augustin
- Brooks Augustin
- Brown Sue
- Brown Tracey
- Bugnon Olivier
- Calnan Susan
- Campos Rosana Teresa Onocko
- Carey Eileen
- Carrieri Daniele
- Carter A
- Carter Andrea
- Chan Priscilla
- Charani Esmita
- Charnley Karen
- Coffey Alice
- Colbourn T
- Connelly M
- Corrado Ann Marie
- Corrado Ann Marie
- Coumoundouros Chelsea
- Dalal Hasnain
- Daoh K
- Davies Benjamin M
- Davies Justine
- Daw Paulina
- Deen B
- Doherty Patrick J
- Donnelly Patricia
- dos Santos Treichel Carlos Alberto
- Drown Laura
- Drysdale R
- Durham Rory
- Dwane Jackie
- Edwards Chanel
- El-Toukhy Sherine
- Elena Pallari
- Elmas Kai
- Elphick Heather
- Erwin Jo
- Ferraris Giulia
- Finch Tracy
- Flanagan Helen
- Flannery Caragh
- Franklin Sue
- Frisch Miriam F
- Gibney A
- Gibney Amber
- Gilmour Jenny
- Godwin Gregory
- Goodfellow Henry
- Goodhart Venetia
- Greaves Colin J
- Green James SA
- Grimshaw Jeremy
- Grodzinski Ben
- Gul Hossai
- Gurol-Urganci Ipek
- Hallett R
- Hanlon C
- Hanlon C
- Harrison Alexander
- Hayward Andrew
- Healey Andy
- Healey Andy
- Healey Andy
- Heller Simon
- Heller Simon
- Heys Michelle
- Hirschhorn Lisa R
- Hogden Emily
- Hogervorst S
- Holmes Alison
- Holmes Alison
- Hugtenburg JG
- Hull Louise
- Hull Louise
- Hurley M
- Hurley Mike
- Iliopoulou Katerina
- Irish Carol
- Irwin Sally
- Issa Sattu
- Ivers Noah
- Ivers Noah
- Jackson Mark
- Jeays-Ward Katherine
- Jones J
- Jopling Helena
- Jurczuk Magdalena
- Kamara TB
- Karim Yasmin Bou
- Kariyawasam Dulmini
- Kariyawasam Dulmini
- Keiser Brennan
- Keohane Aoife
- Khadjesari Zarnie
- Khadjesari Zarnie
- Khan Maaz
- Khan Sobia
- Khan Sobia
- Kolehmainen Niina
- Lakhanpaul Monica
- Laur Celia
- Leather Andrew
- Leather Andrew
- Leather Andrew
- Leather Andrew JM
- Lewis Caitlin
- Li Dennis H
- Li DH
- Llewellyn Clare
- Long Janet
- Macapagal K
- Madkins K
- Makusha T
- Manikam Logan
- Marques Iuri
- Martin Jennifer
- Mattick Karen
- McCarthy Avril
- McCluskey Jessica
- McDonagh Sinead TJ
- McHugh Sheena
- Medlinskiene Kristina
- Mendelson Marc
- Meskell Pauline
- Metherall Pete
- Mongrella Melissa
- Moore Julia E
- Moore Julia E
- Morrow April
- Moullin Joanna C
- Mowforth Oliver
- Murdoch J
- Murphy Carol-Anne
- Mustanski B
- Mustanski Brian
- Mårtensson Erika
- Nathan Paul C
- Nkurunziza Dieudonné
- Ntawukuriryayo Jovial Thomas
- On behalf of AO Spine RECODE-DCM Consortia
- on behalf of co-investigators of ASPIRES
- O’Doherty Jane
- O’Meara Daly Eoin
- O’Reilly Martina
- O’Reilly Valerie
- Papoutsi Chrysanthi
- Partha-Sarathi Celine
- Payne Cathy
- Pearson Mark
- Peiffer-Smadja Nathan
- Peiffer-Smadja Nathan
- People with Diabetes Group
- People with Diabetes Group
- Perraudin Clémence
- Petty Duncan
- Peven Kimberly
- Pranav V
- Prince M
- Ramsey Alex
- Rapport Frances
- Read Heath
- Redmond Sean
- Remble Thomas
- Richardson Susan
- Richter L
- Ridout Alexandra
- Robotham Dan
- Rushton Alita
- Sam Betty
- Sandall Jane
- Sanderman Robbert
- Sevdalis N
- Sevdalis N
- Sevdalis Nick
- Sevdalis Nick
- Sevdalis Nick
- Sevdalis Nick
- Sevdalis Nick
- Sevdalis Nick
- Sevdalis Nick
- Sevdalis Nick
- Seward N
- Seward N
- Shah Nida
- Sheldon H
- Shennan Andrew
- Shuldiner Jennifer
- Sibley Fay
- Silverton Louise
- Singh Sanjeev
- Singh Sanjeev
- Slemming W
- Smith Emma
- Smith JD
- Smith JD
- Soukup Tayana
- Soukup Tayana
- Striling Katherine
- Sykes Michael
- Taylor Natalie
- Taylor Rod S
- Teh Jye Quan
- Thakar Ranee
- Thomson Richard
- To Wilson
- Tomlinson Justine
- Udoh Kelechi
- Van Der Meulen Jan
- van Dijk L
- van Zanten Jet Veldhuijzen
- VanderZanden Amy
- Venkatapuram S
- Vervloet M
- Villamar Juan
- von Essen Louise
- Webb-Martin Kelley
- White Michelle
- White Michelle C
- Willox Matt
- Wolstenholme Daniel
- Wong Geoff
- Woodford Joanne
- Wurie H
- Xyrichis Andreas
- Publication venue
- Implement Sci
- Publication date
- 17/07/2020
- Field of study
Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study
- Author
- Abel K
- Adamali H.
- Adeloye D
- Adeyemi Oluwaseun
- Adrego Rita
- Aguilar Jimenez Laura A.
- Ahmad Haider N
- Ahmad Shanaz
- Ahmed R
- Ahwireng Nyarko
- Ainsworth Mark
- Al-Sheklly B.
- Alamoudi Asma
- Alfaro-Almagro Fidel
- Ali Mariam
- Aljaroof M
- Allan L
- Allen R J
- Allerton Lisa
- Allsop Lynne
- Allt Ann Marie
- Almeida Paula
- Altmann Danny
- Alvarez Corral Maria
- Amoils S.
- Anderson David
- Antoniades C
- Arbane Gill
- Arias Ava Maria
- Armour C.
- Armstrong Lisa
- Armstrong Natalie
- Arnold David
- Arnold H
- Ashish A
- Ashworth Andrew
- Ashworth M
- Aslani S
- Assefa-Kebede Hosanna
- Atkin C
- Atkin Paul
- Aul Raminder
- Aung H
- Austin Liam
- Avram Cristina
- Ayoub A.
- Babores M.
- Baggott R
- Bagshaw J
- Baguley D
- Bailey L
- Baillie J.K.
- Bain S
- Bakali M
- Bakau M
- Baldry E
- Baldwin D
- Baldwin M
- Ballard C
- Bandula Steven
- Banerjee A
- Bang Dongchun
- Barker R E
- Barman L
- Barratt Shaney
- Barrett Fiona
- Basire Donna
- Basu N.
- Bates A
- Bates M
- Batterham R
- Baxendale H
- Bayes Hannah
- Beadsworth M.
- Beckett P
- Beggs Mark
- Begum M
- Beirne Paul
- Bell Murdina
- Bell R
- Bennett Kaytie
- Beranova Eva
- Bermperi Areti
- Berridge Anthony
- Berry C.
- Betts Sarah
- Bevan Emily
- Bhui K
- Bingham Michelle
- Birchall K
- Bishop L.
- Bisnauthsing Karen
- Blaikely J.
- Bloss Angela
- Bolger A.
- Bolton Charlotte E.
- Bonnington J.
- Botkai A
- Bourne Charlotte
- Bourne Michelle
- Bramham K.
- Brear Lucy
- Breen G
- Breeze Jonathon
- Briggs A.
- Bright E
- Brightling Christopher E
- Brill Simon
- Brindle K
- Broad Lauren
- Broadley A
- Brookes C
- Broome M
- Brown Ammani
- Brown Angela
- Brown J.
- Brown Jeremy S
- Brown Jo
- Brown M.
- Brown M.
- Brown V.
- Brugha Terry
- Brunskill Nigel
- Buch M.
- Buckley Phil
- Bularga A.
- Bullmore E
- Bunker Jenny
- Burden L.
- Burdett Tracy
- Burn D.
- Burns A.
- Burns G.
- Busby J.
- Butcher Robyn
- Butt Al-Tahoor
- Byrne S.
- Cairns P
- Calder P C
- Calvelo Ellen
- Carborn H
- Card Bethany
- Carr Caitlin
- Carr Liesel
- Carson G
- Carter Penny
- Casey A
- Cassar Mark P.
- Cavanagh J
- Chablani Manish
- Chalder Trudie
- Chalmers James D.
- Chambers R C
- Chan Flora
- Channon K M
- Chapman Kerry
- Charalambou A
- Chaudhuri N
- Checkley A
- Chen Jin
- Cheng Yutung
- Chetham Luke
- Childs C
- Chilvers Edwin R
- Chinoy H
- Chiribiri Amedeo
- Chong-James K.
- Choudhury Gourab
- Choudhury N.
- Chowienczyk P
- Christie C
- Chrystal Melanie
- Clark Cameron
- Clark D
- Clarke Jude
- Clohisey S.
- Coakley G.
- Coburn Zach
- Coetzee S.
- Cole Joby
- Coleman C
- Conneh Florence
- Connell David
- Connolly B.
- Connor Lynda
- Cook Amanda
- Cooper B
- Cooper J
- Cooper Shirley
- Copeland D.
- Cosier Tracey
- Coulding Martina
- Coupland C.
- Cox Eleanor
- Craig T.
- Crisp P
- Cristiano Daniele
- Crooks M.G.
- Cross Andy
- Cruz Isabel
- Cullinan P.
- Cuthbertson Dan J
- Daines L
- Dalton Matthhew
- Daly Patrick
- Daniels Alison
- Dark P
- Dasgin J
- David A
- David C.
- Davies Ellie
- Davies Ffyon
- Davies Gareth
- Davies Gwyneth A
- Davies Kim
- Davies Melanie J
- Dawson Joy
- Daynes E
- De Soyza Anthony
- Deakin B
- Deans Andrew
- Deas C.
- Deery Joanne
- Defres S.
- Dell Amanda
- Dempsey K.
- Denneny E
- Dennis J
- Dewar A.
- Dharmagunawardena R
- Diar Bakerly Nawar
- Dickens C
- Dipper A.
- Diver Sarah
- Diwanji Shalin N
- Dixon Myles
- Djukanovic R
- Dobson H.
- Dobson S.L.
- Docherty Annemarie B.
- Donaldson A.
- Dong T.
- Dormand N.
- Dougherty Andrew
- Dowling R
- Drain S.
- Draxlbauer K
- Drury Katie
- Dulawan Pearl
- Dunleavy A
- Dunn Sarah
- Dupont Catherine
- Earley Joanne
- Easom Nicholas
- Echevarria Carlos
- Edwards Sarah
- Edwardson C
- El-Taweel Hosni
- Elliott Anne
- Elliott K
- Ellis Y.
- Elmer Anne
- Elneima Omer
- Evans D
- Evans H
- Evans J
- Evans R
- Evans Rachael A
- Evans Ranuromanana I.
- Evans Teriann
- Evenden Cerys
- Evison Lynsey
- Fabbri L
- Fairbairn Sara
- Fairman Alexandra
- Fallon K.
- Faluyi David
- Favager Clair
- Fayzan Tamanah
- Featherstone James
- Felton T.
- Ferreira Vanessa M.
- Finch J
- Finney Selina
- Finnigan J
- Finnigan Lucy
- Fisher Helen
- Fletcher S
- Flockton Rachel
- Flynn Margaret
- Foot H
- Foote David
- Ford Amber
- Forton D
- Fraile Eva
- Francis C.
- Francis R
- Francis Susan
- Frankel A.
- Fraser Emily
- Free Rob
- French N.
- Fu X
- Fuld Jonathan
- Furniss J.
- Garner Lucie
- Gautam N
- Geddes John R.
- George J.
- George P.
- Gibbons M
- Gill Mandy
- Gill Rhyan
- Gilmour L.
- Gleeson Fergus
- Glossop Jodie
- Glover Sarah
- Goodman N
- Goodwin Camelia
- Gooptu Bibek
- Gordon Hussain
- Gorsuch T.
- Greatorex M
- Greenhaff P.L.
- Greenhalf William
- Greenhalgh Alan
- Greening Neil J
- Greenwood John P
- Gregory Heidi
- Gregory Rebecca
- Grieve D.
- Griffin Denise
- Griffiths L
- Guerdette Anne-Marie
- Guillen Guio Beatriz
- Gummadi Mahitha
- Gupta Ayushman
- Gurram Sambasivarao
- Guthrie E
- Guy Z
- Hadley K
- Haggar Ahmed
- Hainey Kera
- Hairsine Brigid
- Haldar Pranab
- Hall I
- Hall Lucy
- Halling-Brown Mark
- Hamil R.
- Hancock Alyson
- Hancock Kia
- Hanley N.A.
- Haq Sulaimaan
- Hardwick H.E.
- Hardy E
- Hardy Tim
- Hargadon Beverley
- Harrington Kate
- Harris Edward
- Harris Victoria C
- Harrison Ewen M.
- Harrison P.
- Hart Nicholas
- Harvey Alice
- Harvey M
- Harvie M
- Haslam L
- Hastie Claire
- Havinden-Williams May
- Hawkes Jenny
- Hawkings Nancy
- Haworth Jill
- Hayday A.
- Haynes Matthew
- Hazeldine J
- Hazelton Tracy
- Heaney Liam G.
- Heeley Cheryl
- Heeney J L
- Heightman M
- Heller S.
- Henderson M
- Henson Helen
- Hesselden L
- Hewitt Melanie
- Highett Victoria
- Hillman T
- Hiwot T
- Ho Ling-Pei
- Hoare Amy
- Hoare Michaela
- Hockridge J
- Hogarth Philip
- Holbourn Ailsa
- Holden S
- Holdsworth L.
- Holgate D
- Holland Maureen
- Holloway Leah
- Holmes Katie
- Holmes Megan
- Holroyd-Hind B
- Holt L
- Hormis Anil
- Horsley Alexander
- Hosseini A.
- Hotopf M
- Houchen-Wolloff Linzy
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- Howell Alice
- Hufton E
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- Hughes Rachel Ann
- Humphries Amy
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- Hurditch E
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- Hutchinson John
- Ibrahim W
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- Ingham Julie
- Ingram L
- Ionita D
- Isaacs K
- Ismail K.
- Jackson T
- Jacob Joseph
- James W.Y.
- Jang W.
- Jarman Claire
- Jarrold I.
- Jarvis Hannah
- Jastrub Roman
- Jayaraman Bhagy
- Jenkins R Gisli
- Jezzard Peter
- Jiwa Kasim
- Johnson C
- Johnson S
- Johnston D.
- Jolley Caroline J.
- Jones Don
- Jones G.
- Jones H.
- Jones Heather
- Jones I.
- Jones L.
- Jones Mark G
- Jones S.
- Jose Sherly
- Kabir T.
- Kaltsakas G.
- Kamwa V
- Kanellakis N.
- Kaprowska Sabina
- Kausar Zunaira
- Keenan Natalie
- Kelly Matthew
- Kelly S.
- Kemp Graham J
- Kerr Steven
- Kerslake Helen
- Key Angela L.
- Khan F
- Khunti Kamlesh
- Kilroy Susan
- King Bernie
- King Clara
- Kingham L
- Kirk Jill
- Kitterick P
- Klenerman P
- Knibbs Lucy
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- Knighton Abigail
- Kon Onn M
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- Kon Samantha S
- Korszun A.
- Koychev Ivan
- Kurasz Claire
- Kurupati Prathiba
- Laing C
- Lamlum Hanan
- Landers G
- Langenberg C
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- Lavelle-Langham L.
- Lawrie Allan
- Lawson C
- Lawson Cathy
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- Lea A
- Leavy Olivia C
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- Lee Elvina
- Lee Ju Hee
- Leitch Karen
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- Lewis J.
- Lewis Keir E
- Lewis Victoria
- Lewis-Burke N.
- Li X
- Light Tessa
- Lightstone L.
- Lilaonitkul W
- Lim Lai
- Linford S.
- Lingford-Hughes A.
- Lipman M
- Liyanage Kamal
- Lloyd Arwel
- Logan S
- Lomas D
- Lone Nazir I.
- Loosley Ronda
- Lord J M
- Lota Harpreet
- Lovegrove Wayne
- Lucey Alice
- Lukaschuk Elena
- Lye Alison
- Lynch Ceri
- MacDonald S
- MacGowan G.
- Macharia Irene
- Mackie J
- Macliver L.
- Madathil S
- Madzamba Gladys
- Magee N.
- Magtoto Murphy M.
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- Majeed N
- Major E.
- Malein Flora
- Malim M.
- Mallison Georgia
- Man William D-C.
- Mandal S
- Mangion K.
- Manisty Charlotte
- Manley R.
- March Katherine
- Marciniak S.
- Marino Philip
- Mariveles Myril
- Marks Michael
- Marouzet E
- Marsh Sophie
- Marshall B
- Marshall M
- Martin Jane
- Martineau A.
- Martinez L.M.
- Maskell Nick
- Matila Darwin
- Matimba-Mupaya Wadzanai
- Matthews Laura
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- McAllister-Williams H.
- McArdle A
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- McAulay D.
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- McCormick W.
- McCourt P
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- McGee C
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- McGinness Jade
- McGlynn Kevin
- McGovern A
- McGuinness Heather
- McInnes I.B.
- McIntosh Jerome
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- McMahon A.
- McMahon Michael J.
- McMorrow L
- Mcnally T
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- McQueen Alison
- McShane H.
- Mears Chloe
- Megson Clare
- Megson Sharon
- Mehta P
- Meiring J
- Melling Lucy
- Mencias Mark
- Menke Ricarda
- Menzies Daniel
- Merida Morillas Marta
- Michael Alice
- Miiler K
- Miller Christopher A
- Miller Karla
- Milligan L.
- Mills Clare
- Mills G
- Mills N.L.
- Milner L
- Misra S
- Mitchell J.
- Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Mohamed Noura
- Mohammed S.
- Molyneaux P.L.
- Monteiro Will
- Moriera Silvia
- Morley Anna
- Morrison Leigh
- Morriss R
- Morrow A.
- Moss Alastair J
- Moss P
- Motohashi K
- Msimanga N
- Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta
- Munawar Unber
- Murira Jennifer
- Nanda U
- Nassa Heeah
- Nasseri Mariam
- Nathu Rashmita
- Neal A
- Needham Robert
- Neill Paula
- Neubauer Stefan
- Newby D E
- Newell Helen
- Newman J
- Newman Tom
- Newton-Cox A
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- Nicholson T.
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- Nikolaidis Athanasios
- Nikolaidou Chrysovalantou
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- Novotny Petr
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- Nwafor Lorenza
- Nwanguma Uchechi
- Nyaboko J
- O'Brien Caitlin
- O'Brien Linda
- O'Donnell K
- O'Regan Declan P
- Odell Natasha
- Ogbole Godwin
- Ogg G.
- Olaosebikan Olaoluwa
- Oliver Catherine
- Omar Zohra
- Openshaw Peter J.M.
- Orriss-Dib Lorna
- Osborne Lynn
- Osbourne Rebecca
- Ostermann Marlies
- Overton Charlotte
- Owen J.
- Oxton J
- Pack Jamie
- Pacpaco Edmund
- Paddick S.
- Painter Sharon
- Pakzad A
- Palmer Sue
- Papineni Padmasayee
- Paques K
- Paradowski Kerry
- Pareek Manish
- Parekh Dhruv
- Parfrey H
- Pariante C.
- Parker S
- Parkes M.
- Parmar J
- Patale Sheetal
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- Patel Manish
- Patel Suhani
- Pattenadk Dibya
- Pavlides M.
- Payne Sheila
- Pearce Lorraine
- Pearl John E
- Peckham D.
- Pendlebury Jessica
- Peng Yanchun
- Pennington Chris
- Peralta Ida
- Perkins Emma
- Peterkin Z
- Peto T.
- Petousi Nayia
- Petrie J
- Pfeffer Paul
- Phipps Janet
- Piechnik Stefan K
- Pimm John
- Piper Hanley K.
- Pius R
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- Plein Sven
- Plekhanova Tatiana
- Plowright Megan
- Poinasamy Krisnah
- Polgar Oliver
- Poll L.
- Popescu Iulia
- Porter Joanna C
- Porter Julie
- Portukhay Sofiya
- Powell Natassia
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- Pratt James
- Price Andrea
- Price Carly
- Price Claire
- Price D.
- Price L
- Price L.
- Prickett A
- Prosper Sabrina
- Pugmire S.
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- Quint Jennifer
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- Rahman Najib M.
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- Raman Betty
- Ramos Albert
- Ramos Hazel
- Rangeley Jade
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- Ravencroft Phillip
- Reddington A
- Reddy A
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- Redwood Dawn
- Reed Annabel
- Rees Meryl
- Rees Tabitha
- Regan Karen
- Reynolds W
- Ribeiro Carla
- Richards A.
- Richardson Emma
- Richardson Matthew
- Rivera-Ortega P.
- Roberts K.
- Robertson E.
- Robinson E
- Robinson Leanne
- Roche Lisa
- Roddis C
- Rodger J
- Rogers Natalie
- Ross Alexandra
- Ross Gavin
- Rossdale J.
- Rostron A
- Rowe Anna
- Rowland A
- Rowland J.
- Rowland Matthew J.
- Rowland-Jones Sarah L
- Roy K
- Roy Maura
- Rudan I
- Russell Emily
- Russell Richard
- Saalmink Gwen
- Sabit Ramsey
- Sage E.K.
- Samakomva T
- Samani Nilesh
- Samat Azlan Helmy A
- Sampson Claire
- Samuel Katherine
- Samuel R
- Sanders Zeena-Britt
- Sanderson Amy
- Sapey E
- Saralaya Dinesh
- Sargant J
- Sarginson C
- Sass T
- Sattar N
- Saunders Kathryn
- Saunders Laura C
- Saunders Peter
- Saunders Ruth M
- Savill Heather
- Saxon W.
- Sayer A.
- Schronce J.
- Schwaeble W
- Scott Janet T.
- Scott Kathryn
- Selby N.
- Semple Malcolm G.
- Sereno Marco
- Sewell Terri Ann
- Shah Ajay M
- Shah K.
- Shah P.
- Shankar-Hari M
- Sharma M
- Sharpe C.
- Sharpe M.
- Shashaa Sharlene
- Shaw Alison
- Shaw Karen
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- Shevket K.
- Shikotra Aarti
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- Siddiqui Salman
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- Thomas Caradog
- Thomas David C.
- Thomas S.
- Thomas-Woods T.
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- Thornton T
- Thorpe M
- Thwaites Ryan S.
- Tilley Jo
- Tinker N
- Tiongson Gerlynn F
- Tobin Martin
- Tomlinson Johanne
- Tong C
- Toshner Mark
- Touyz R.
- Treibel Thomas A
- Tripp K.A.
- Tunnicliffe Elizabeth M.
- Turnbull A
- Turner E
- Turner Kim
- Turner Sarah
- Turner Victoria
- Turney Sharon
- Turtle Lance
- Turton Helena
- Ugoji Jacinta
- Ugwuoke R
- Upthegrove R
- Valabhji J.
- Ventura M
- Vere Joanne
- Vickers Carinna
- Vinson B
- Wade Elaine
- Wade Phillip
- Wain Louise V
- Wainwright Tania
- Wajero Lilian O.
- Walder S
- Walker S
- Walker S.
- Wall E
- Wallis T
- Walmsley S
- Walsh J.A.
- Walsh S.
- Warburton Louise
- Ward T J C
- Warwick Katie
- Wassall Helen
- Waterson Samuel
- Watson Ekaterina
- Watson James
- Watson L.
- Webster M
- Weir-McCall Jonathan R
- Welch C
- Welch H.
- Welsh B.
- Wessely S.
- West Sophie
- Weston Heather
- Wheeler H
- White Sonia
- Whitehead Victoria
- Whitney J.
- Whittaker S
- Whittam Beverley
- Whitworth V
- Wight A
- Wild James M
- Wilkins M.
- Wilkinson D
- Williams B
- Williams Jenny
- Williams N
- Williams Nick
- Williams-Howard S.A.
- Willicombe M.
- Willis Gemma
- Willoughby J
- Wilson Ann
- Wilson D
- Wilson Imogen
- Window Nicola
- Witham M.
- Wolf-Roberts Rebecca
- Wood Chloe
- Woodhead F
- Woods Janet
- Wootton Daniel G.
- Wormleighton J
- Worsley J.
- Wraith D
- Wrey Brown Caroline
- Wright C.
- Wright L
- Wright S.
- Wyles J.
- Wynter Inez
- Xie Cheng
- Xu M
- Yasmin Najira
- Yasmin S
- Yates Tom
- Yip K P
- Young A.
- Young B.
- Young Susan
- Yousuf A J
- Zawia Amira
- Zeidan Lisa
- Zhao Bang
- Zheng Bang
- Zongo O.
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 22/09/2023
- Field of study
Introduction:
The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures.
Methods:
In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025.
Findings:
Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2–6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5–5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4–10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32–4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23–11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation.
Interpretation:
After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification
Breast cancer survival among young women: a review of the role of modifiable lifestyle factors
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- A Bharat
- A Bleyer
- A Fourquet
- A Ristimaki
- A Villasenor
- AC Voogd
- AE Teschendorff
- AH Partridge
- AH Wu
- AJ McEligot
- AK Zaineddin
- AM Cheung
- AMG Ali
- AR Costa
- AR Green
- AW Kurian
- B Fisher
- B Shane
- BD Lehmann
- Beatrice A. Boucher
- BJ Caan
- BJ Trock
- BL Pierce
- BM Lynch
- BR Bird
- C Abbenhardt
- C Buttigliero
- C Davies
- C Denkert
- C Duggan
- C Rubino
- C Weyer
- CF Garland
- Christine M. Friedenreich
- CK Anders
- CK Anders
- CK Blair
- CM Friedenreich
- CM Friedenreich
- CM Velicer
- D Zehnder
- Darren R. Brenner
- DM Fraser
- DS Chan
- E Cerami
- E Giovannucci
- E Papadopoulou
- E Papadopoulou
- E Ricciotti
- E Rossi
- EH Kim
- EL Kaufman
- F Bertucci
- F Chi
- F Colotta
- G Coulombe
- G Poschl
- GA Saxe
- GH Bock de
- GH Lyman
- GJ Gasic
- GJ Gasic
- GP Dunn
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- H Bartelink
- H Fredholm
- H Knupfer
- HA Assi
- HA Azim Jr
- HR Harris
- I Soerjomataram
- IL Wapnir
- Ivo A. Olivotto
- J Ferlay
- J Frandsen
- J Kotsopoulos
- J Peto
- J Saquib
- J Stagg
- JE Bower
- JE Larco De
- JG Nes van
- JG Ray
- JJ Ye
- JL Gnerlich
- JM Beasley
- JM Mullington
- Joanne Kotsopoulos
- JP Pierce
- JQ Cao
- JR Tichy
- Julia A. Knight
- JY Dong
- JY Shen
- K Buck
- K Buck
- KE Malone
- Kerry S. Courneya
- KS Courneya
- L Besedovsky
- L Vona-Davis
- L Vona-Davis
- LA Gaudette
- LJ Peppone
- LJ Peppone
- LM Coussens
- LS Velentzis
- LU Thompson
- LU Thompson
- M Bright-Gbebry
- M Clarke
- M Haack
- M Jain
- M Lucock
- M Paola Di
- M Protani
- M Retsky
- MA Izano
- May Lynn Quan
- MD Althuis
- MD Holmes
- MD Holmes
- ME Grossmann
- ME Grossmann
- ME Grossmann
- ME Ramos-Nino
- MI Carvalho
- Michelle Cotterchio
- MJ Borugian
- MJ Lund
- ML Kwan
- MR Irwin
- MR Irwin
- MT Cantorna
- N Guha
- N Makarem
- N Parekh
- Nigel T. Brockton
- NR West
- NR West
- O Gentilini
- P Christiansen
- P Lissoni
- P McGale
- PE Abrahamson
- PE Molina
- PJ Goodwin
- PM Rothwell
- R Ballard-Barbash
- R Peto
- RE Ellsworth
- RL Theriault
- S Aaltomaa
- S Agarwal
- S Agrawal
- S Darby
- S Yao
- SA Narod
- SA Narod
- SC Darby
- SJ Nechuta
- SM Enger
- SM George
- SM Mahmoud
- SP Shah
- SR Bauer
- SS Tworoger
- SS Tworoger
- SW Oh
- T Bachelot
- T Grantzau
- T Sorlie
- TA Sellers
- TCM Hussell
- TH Keegan
- TM Wallace
- U Mahmood
- U Veronesi
- VL Shavers
- W Demark-Wahnefried
- WT Shearer
- X Kang
- X Xu
- XO Shu
- Y Arita
- Y Lee
- Y Zhang
- YF Zhang
- YI Kim
- YI Kim
- YI Kim
- YI Kim
- YI Kim
- YI Kim
- YJ Gou
- YL Li
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial
- Author
- Abani Obbina
- Abbas Ali
- Abbas Fatima
- Abbas Mustafa
- Abbasi Sadia
- Abbass Hakam
- Abbott Alfie
- Abdallah Nabeel
- Abdelaziz Ashraf
- Abdelfattah Mohamed
- Abdelqader Bushra
- Abdo David
- Abdul Rasheed Althaf
- Abdul Basir
- Abdul-Kadir Rezan
- Abdul-Raheem Rasheed
- Abdulakeem Ajibode
- Abdulle Amina
- Abdulmumeen Abdulfatahi
- Abdulshukkoor Niyaz
- Abdusamad Kula
- Abed El Khaleq Yazeed
- Abedalla Mai
- Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna
- Abernethy Katrina
- Abo-Leyah Hani
- Aboaba Adebanke
- Abou-Haggar Ahmed
- Abouibrahim Mahmoud
- Abraham Miriam
- Abraham Tizzy
- Abraheem Abraheem
- Abrams Judith
- Abu Hyacinth-John
- Abu-Arafeh Ahmed
- Abubacker Syed M
- Abung Akata
- Aceampong Yaa
- Achara Amaka
- Acharya Devikumar
- Acheampong Sarah
- Acheson Janet
- Acosta Andres
- Acton Catherine
- Adabie-Ankrah Jacqueline
- Adair Sara
- Adam Fiona
- Adam Matthew
- Adamali Huzaifa
- Adams Carol
- Adams Charlotte
- Adams Kate
- Adams Lisa
- Adams Richard
- Adams Tim
- Adcock Kirsty
- Addai Jemaimah
- Adebiyi Ade
- Adegoke Ken
- Adell Vicki
- Ademokun Debo
- Adenwalla Sherna
- Adesemoye Oluwasegun A
- Adewunmi Emmanuel O
- Adeyemi Joyce
- Adhikary Rina
- Adkins Gabrielle
- Adnan Adnan
- Aeron-Thomas John
- Affleck Debbie
- Affron Dominic
- Afnan Carmel
- Afridi Muhammad
- Aftab Zainab A
- Agarwal Meenakshi
- Agbeko Rachel
- Agbo Chris
- Agent Penny
- Aggarwal Sunil
- Aghababaie Arameh
- Ahamed Sadiq Shafana
- Ahammed Nazeer Mohamed H
- Ahmad Humayun
- Ahmad Mohammad
- Ahmad Syed
- Ahmed Ali Roa
- Ahmed Asim
- Ahmed Bilal
- Ahmed Forizuddin
- Ahmed Hamze
- Ahmed Iram
- Ahmed Irshad
- Ahmed Khaled
- Ahmed Liban
- Ahmed Mahin
- Ahmed Maria C
- Ahmed Muhammad S
- Ahmed Naseer
- Ahmed Nausheen
- Ahmed Osama
- Ahmed Rajia A
- Ahmed Rizwan
- Ahmed Saif
- Ahmed Sammiya
- Ahmed Sana
- Ahmed Sara
- Ahmed Sophia
- Ahmed Syed
- Ahmed Syed Haris
- Ahmer Sana
- Ail Dhiraj
- Ainsworth Mark
- Airoldi Giulia
- Aissa Myriam
- Aitken Lindianne
- Ajay Bini
- Ajeneye Francis
- Ajibode Abdulakeem
- Ajmi Ayesha
- Akbar Tahir
- Akhtar Naim
- Akhtar Nasim
- Akhtar Nauman
- Akili Suha
- Akindolie Oludoyinsola
- Akinfenwa Yinka
- Akinkugbe Olugbenga
- Akinpelu Ibrahim
- Akinwumiju Olajide
- Aktinade Olugbenro
- Al Aaraj Ahmad
- Al Balushi Asma
- Al Dakhola Majd
- Al Swaifi Aladdin
- Al-Abadi Eslam
- Al-Asadi Abbas
- Al-Asadi Karina
- Al-Bayati Manaf
- Al-Fori Julyan
- Al-Hakim Bahij
- Al-Hity Shams
- Al-Jibury Maithem
- Al-Juboori Saba
- Al-Khalil Majid
- Al-Moasseb Hassan
- Al-Obaidi Magda
- Al-Rabahi Akram
- Al-Ramadhani Bahar
- Al-Saadi Zayneb
- Al-Shahi Salman Rustam
- Al-Shamkhani Warkaq
- Al-Sheklly Bashar
- Aladangady Narendra
- Alam Ayaz
- Alam Sajid
- Alatzoglou Kyriaki
- Albert Paul
- Albon Lorraine
- Alcorn Gemma
- Alcorn Stephen
- Aldana Aggie
- Alderdice David
- Aldouri Rayan
- Aldridge Jonathan
- Aldridge Nicolas
- Alegria Ana
- Alexander Alison
- Alexander John
- Alexander Peter D G
- Alford Charlotte
- Alghazawi Laith
- Ali Ali
- Ali Asad
- Ali Fawzia R
- Ali Hoodo
- Ali Jawad
- Ali Mariam
- Ali Mohammad
- Ali Nayab
- Ali Oudai
- Ali Sabira
- Ali Sakina
- Ali Syed
- Alina Abid
- Aliyuda Fine
- Alizadeh Katrin
- Alkhusheh Moutaz
- Allameddine Allameddine
- Allan Fiona
- Allan Rachel
- Allanson Alison
- Allcock Robert
- Allen Beverley
- Allen Eireann
- Allen Jess
- Allen Kerry
- Allen Laura
- Allen Louise
- Allen Poppy
- Allen Rebecca
- Allen Sam
- Allen Sharon
- Allen Simon
- Allison Kathryn
- Allman Bethan
- Allsop Lynne
- Alomari Lina
- Alshaer Inji
- Altaf Sara
- Alvarez Mary
- Alyas Balaal
- Alzetani Maysaa
- Amamou Susan
- Amar Noor
- Ambalavanan Sakkarai
- Ambler Sarah-Jayne
- Ambrogetti Robert
- Ambrose Chris
- Ameen Amir
- Amenyah Kenneth
- Amezaga Maria R
- Amin Allison
- Amin Amina
- Amin Kanish
- Amin Syed
- Amin Tara
- Amjad Amjad
- Amjad Neelma
- Ammoun Mariam
- Amosun Victoria
- Amsha Khaled
- Amy Pugh
- Anand Atul
- Anand Rekha
- Anandappa Samantha
- Anderson Julie
- Anderson Kevin
- Anderson Laura
- Anderson Michelle
- Anderson Nicola
- Anderson Rachel
- Anderson Rory
- Anderson Wendy
- Andreou Prematie
- Andrews Angela
- Andrews Antonette
- Andrews Jill
- Andrews Susan
- Andrikopoulos Gregory
- Aneke Kanayochukwu
- Ang Andrew
- Ang Wan Wei
- Angel Tammy
- Angela Aramburo
- Angelini Paola
- Anguvaa Lazarus
- Anichtchik Oleg
- Anim-Somuah Millicent
- Aniruddhan Krishnan
- Annett Jessica
- Anstey Patrick J
- Anstey Rebekah
- Anthony Alpha
- Anthony-Pillai Aaron
- Antill Philip
- Antonina Zhelyazkova
- Anu Varghese
- Anwar Muhammad
- Apostolides George
- Apostolopoulos Aristeidis
- Appleby Sarah
- Appleyard Diane
- Aquino Maia Far
- Araba Bianca
- Aransiola Samuel
- Araujo Mariana
- Arbon Emily
- Archer Ann
- Archer Denise
- Archer Simon
- Ardley Christian
- Arias Ana-Maria
- Arimoto Ryoki
- Arkley Charlotte
- Armah Charlotte
- Armata Ilianna
- Armitage Adam
- Armstrong Ceri
- Armstrong Maureen
- Armstrong Sonia
- Armstrong-Fisher Sylvia
- Armtrong Philippa
- Arndt Heike
- Arnison-Newgass Clare
- Arnold David
- Arnold Rachael
- Arnott Sarah
- Arora Dhawal
- Arora Kavan
- Arora Pardeep
- Arora Rishi
- Arroyo Andrea
- Arter Arslam
- Arya Ayush
- Arya Rita
- Asandei Denisa
- Asghar Adeeba
- Ashbrook-Raby Catherine
- Ashby Glen
- Ashby Helen
- Ashcroft Jan
- Ashcroft John
- Ashcroft Samuel
- Asher Deborah
- Ashfaq Ayesha
- Ashford Ben
- Ashgar Suhail
- Ashish Abdul
- Ashman-Flavell Sally
- Ashok Sundar
- Ashour Abd-El-Aziz
- Ashraf Muhammad Z
- Ashraf Saima
- Ashraq Mohammad B
- Ashton Deborah
- Ashton Susan
- Ashworth Andrew
- Ashworth Rebecca
- Aslam Arshia
- Asogan Harshini
- Asquith Abigail
- Asrar Atif
- Assaf Omar
- Astin-Chamberlain Raine
- Athay-Hunt Richard
- Athorne Deborah
- Atkins Billie
- Atkins Christopher
- Atkins Stacey
- Atkinson John
- Atkinson Vicki
- Atraskiewicz Brygitta
- Atterbury Claire
- Attia Abdul Ahmad
- Atugonza Rita
- Aubrey Paula
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Aung Aye Chan Thar
- Aung Hnin
- Aung Kyaw Thu
- Aung Ni
- Aung Yin
- Aung Zaw Myo
- Austin Emily
- Austin Karen
- Auwal Abdusshakur
- Avery Miriam
- Avis Joanne
- Aviss Georgina
- Avram Cristina
- Avram Paula
- Awadzi Gabriel
- Awan Atia
- Aya Aszad
- Ayaz Eman
- Ayers Amanda
- Azam Jawwad
- Azharuddin Mohammed
- Aziz Ghazala
- Aziz N
- Azkoul Ali
- Azman Shah Ashaari
- Azzopardi Giada
- Azzoug Hocine
- Babatunde Fiyinfoluwa
- Babi Melvin
- Babiker Babiker
- Babington Gayna
- Babirecki Matthew
- Babores Marta
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- Bacciarelli Sammy
- Bachar Roudi
- Bacon Gina
- Bacon Jenny
- Badal Bibi
- Badhan Gurpreet R
- Badhrinarayanan Shreya
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- Bafekr Mishamandani Sibel
- Baggaley Alice
- Baggott Amy
- Bagley Graham
- Bagmane Dinesh
- Bagshaw Lynsey
- Bahadori Kasra
- Bailey James
- Bailey Katie
- Bailey Lindsey
- Bailey Liz
- Bailey Morgan
- Bailey Pippa
- Bailey Sarah
- Bailey Stephen
- Baillie Hamish
- Baillie J Kenneth
- Bain Jennifer
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- Bains Vikram
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- Balasubramaniam Madhu
- Balcombe Alison
- Baldwin Alexander
- Baldwin Ashley
- Baldwin Caron
- Baldwin Danielle
- Baldwin-Jones Rebekah
- Balfour James
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- Balogh Emese
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- Bamford Alasdair
- Bamford Amy
- Bamford Peter
- Bamgboye Adefunke
- Bancroft Elizabeth
- Bancroft Hollie
- Bancroft Tanya
- Banda Joyce
- Bandaru Krishna
- Bandi Srini
- Bandla Nageswar
- Bandyopadhyam Somaditya
- Banerjee Amit
- Banerjee Millie
- Banerjee Ritwik
- Banks Harrison
- Banks Lauren
- Banks Luke
- Banks Paul
- Bannister Oliver
- Bansal Bharat
- Banthorpe Robert
- Banton Laura
- Baptist Mariamma
- Baqai Tanya
- Baral Ananya Mouli
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- Barber Russel
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- Barbosa Miriam
- Barbosa Monica
- Barbour Jamie
- Barclay Alexander
- Barclay Claire
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- Barker Leon
- Barker Oliver
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- Barkha Sinha
- Barla Juliana
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- Barlow Richard
- Barlow Valerie
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- Barnard Alex
- Barnes Debi
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- Barnes Theresa
- Barnetson Calum
- Barnett Amy
- Barnett Matthew
- Barnett-Vanes Ashton
- Barnsley William
- Barr Andrew
- Barr David
- Barratt Shaney
- Barrera Manuella
- Barrett Amy
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- Barry Joe
- Bartholomew Jazz
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- Barton Greg
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- Baruah Rosaleen
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- Basker Betsy
- Basoglu Ayten
- Bass Gilda
- Bassett G
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- Bassoy Bengisu
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- Basumatary Anupam
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- Bateman Ian
- Bateman Kathryn
- Bateman Vhairi
- Bates Eleanor
- Bates Hayley
- Bates Michelle
- Bates Simon
- Batham Sally
- Batista Ana
- Batla Amit
- Batra Dushyant
- Batty Donna
- Batty Harry
- Batty Thomas
- Baughan Peter
- Baum Miranda
- Bautista Carina
- Bawa Fareha
- Bawani Fatima S
- Bax Simon
- Baxter Lydia
- Baxter Matt
- Baxter Nicola
- Baxter Zachary
- Bayes Hannah
- Baylem Charlotte
- Bayliss Lee
- Bays Eileen
- Bazari Farid
- Bazaz Rohit
- Bazli Ahmad
- Beacham Laura
- Beadles Wendy
- Beak Philip
- Beale Andy
- Beard Kirk
- Bearpark Jack
- Beaumont Karen
- Beaumont-Jewell Dawn
- Beaver Theresa
- Beavis Sarah
- Beazley Christy
- Beck Sarah
- Beckett Virginia
- Beckitt Rosie
- Beddall Heidi
- Beddows Seonaid
- Beeby Deborah
- Beech Gail
- Beecroft Michelle
- Beer Sally
- Beety Jane
- Bega Gabriela
- Begg Alison
- Begg Susan
- Beghini Sara
- Begum Ayesha
- Begum Salman
- Begum Selina
- Behan Teresa
- Beharry Jasmine
- Behrouzi Roya
- Beishon Jon
- Beith Claire
- Belcher James
- Belfield Holly
- Belfield Katherine
- Belgaumkar Ajay
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- Bull Thomas
- Bulteel Naomi
- Bumunarachchi Kasun
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- Burchett Caroline
- Burda Dorota
- Burden Christy
- Burden Thomas G
- Burgess Mika
- Burgess Paula
- Burgess Richard
- Burgess Sophia
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- Burrage Sadie
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- Butcher Deborah
- Butler Aaron
- Butler Jessica
- Butler Joanne
- Butler Joshua
- Butler Lesley
- Butler Peter
- Butler Susan
- Butt Al-Tahoor
- Butt Mohammad M
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- Buttress Daniel
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 13/02/2021
- Field of study
SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication
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- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Ababneh Hazim S
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdulah Deldar Morad
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abebe Samrawit Shawel
- Abedi Aidin
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abhilash E S
- Abidi Hassan
- Abiodun Olumide
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abolmaali Meysam
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Aboye Girma Beressa
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abualruz Hasan
- Abubakar Bilyaminu
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Adal Tadele Girum
- Adamu Abdu A
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adetunji Juliana Bunmi
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyinka Daniel Adedayo
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Admass Biruk Adie Adie
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afzal Muhammad Sohail
- Afzal Saira
- Agampodi Suneth Buddhika
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aggarwal Manik
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agide Feleke Doyore
- Agodi Antonella
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Sajjad
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Mehrunnisha Sharif
- Ahmed Meqdad Saleh
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Aji Budi
- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akbarialiabad Hossein
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Akyirem Samuel
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Azzam Sayer
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Alahdab Fares
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alalwan Tariq A
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Manjurul
- Alam Noore
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M
- Albakri Almaza
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Aldawsari Khalifah A
- Aldhaleei Wafa A
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alema Haileselasie Berhane
- Alemayohu Mulubirhan Assefa
- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Amjad
- Ali Liaqat
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Shahid
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Alikhani Reyhaneh
- Alimohamadi Yousef
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljasir Mohammad A M
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Almidani Louay
- Almidani Omar
- Alomari Mahmoud A
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- Alqahtani Jaber S
- Alqalyoobi Shehabaldin
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Altaany Zaid
- Altaf Awais
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- Amegbor Prince M
- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
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- Amugsi Dickson A
- Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson David B
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angus Colin
- Anil Abhishek
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- Anoushiravani Amir
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- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anvari Saeid
- Anwar Saleha
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anwer Razique
- Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward
- Aqeel Muhammad
- Arab Juan Pablo
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arafat Mosab
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Areda Demelash
- Aremu Abdulfatai
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariffin Hany
- Arkew Mesay
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arndt Michael Benjamin
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Arulappan Judie
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Lari Mohsen
- Asgedom Akeza Awealom
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- Atinafu Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye
- Atlaw Habtamu Wondmagegn
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awedew Atalel Fentahun
- Aweke Amlaku Mulat
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayatollahi Haleh
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad
- Azadnajafabad Sina
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- Baghdadi Soroush
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- Bah Sulaiman
- Bahadorikhalili Saeed
- Bahmanziari Najmeh
- Bai Ruhai
- Baig Atif Amin
- Baker Jennifer L
- Bako Abdulaziz T
- Bakshi Ravleen Kaur
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balasubramanian Madhan
- Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin
- Bam Kiran
- Banach Maciej
- Bandyopadhyay Soham
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bansal Hansi
- Bansal Kannu
- Barbic Franca
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Bardideh Erfan
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barone-Adesi Francesco
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barrero Lope H
- Barrow Amadou
- Barteit Sandra
- Barua Lingkan
- Basharat Zarrin
- Bashiri Azadeh
- Basiru Afisu
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- Basnyat Buddha
- Bassat Quique
- Basso João Diogo
- Basting Ann V L
- Basu Sanjay
- Batra Kavita
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayati Mohsen
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
- Beaney Thomas
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Massimiliano
- Behboudi Emad
- Behera Priyamadhaba
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- Behzadifar Masoud
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- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
- Belay Sefealem Assefa
- Belete Chalie Mulu
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Muhammad Bashir
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- Beloukas Apostolos
- Bender Rose Grace
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- Bernstein Robert S
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- Bettencourt Paulo J G
- Beyene Kebede A
- Bhagat Devidas S
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhangdia Kayleigh
- Bhardwaj Nikha
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhardwaj Prarthna V
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet S
- Bhatti Rajbir
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bikbov Boris
- Bishai Jessica Devin
- Bisignano Catherine
- Bisulli Francesca
- Biswas Atanu
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- Bitaraf Saeid
- Bitew Bikes Destaw
- Bitra Veera R
- Bjørge Tone
- Boachie Micheal Kofi
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- Bobirca Anca Vasilica
- Bodolica Virginia
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- Borzutzky Arturo
- Bouaoud Souad
- Boustany Antoine
- Boxe Christopher
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- Braithwaite Dejana
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- Brauer Michael
- Brazinova Alexandra
- Brazo-Sayavera Javier
- Breitborde Nicholas J K
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle
- Brown Julie
- Brugha Traolach
- Bulamu Norma B
- Bulto Lemma N
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burns Richard A
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Nadeem Shafique
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- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
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- Cao Chao
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- Carr Sinclair
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- Carvalho Felix
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- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A
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- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
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- Cercy Kelly M
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- Chan Raymond N C
- Chandika Rama Mohan
- Chandrasekar Eeshwar K
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- Cherbuin Nicolas
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- Chitheer Abdulaal
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- Chong Bryan
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- Chowdhury Rajiv
- Christopher Devasahayam J
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- Demessa Berecha Hundessa
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- Deravi Niloofar
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- Dervenis Nikolaos
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- Des Jarlais Don C
- Desai Hardik Dineshbhai
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- Tariku Mengistie Kassahun
- Tariqujjaman Md
- Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang
- Tavakoli Oliaee Razieh
- Tavangar Seyed Mohammad
- Taveira Nuno
- Tefera Yibekal Manaye
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Temsah Reem Mohamad Hani
- Teramoto Masayuki
- Tesler Riki
- Teye-Kwadjo Enoch
- Thakur Rishu
- Thangaraju Pugazhenthan
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Tharwat Samar
- Thayakaran Rasiah
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomas Nikhil Kenny
- Thomson Azalea M
- Thrift Amanda G
- Thum Chern Choong Chern
- Thygesen Lau Caspar
- Tian Jing
- Tichopad Ales
- Ticoalu Jansje Henny Vera
- Tillawi Tala
- Tiruye Tenaw Yimer
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Toriola Adetunji T
- Torre Anna E
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Tran Jasmine T
- Tran Nghia Minh
- Trico Domenico
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- Upadhyay Era
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- Vaithinathan Asokan Govindaraj
- Valizadeh Rohollah
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- Van den Eynde Jef
- Varga Orsolya
- Vart Priya
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- Vervoort Dominique
- Villafañe Jorge Hugo
- Villanueva Gabriela Ines
- Vinayak Manish
- Violante Francesco S
- Viskadourou Maria
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vo Bay
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- Vongpradith Avina
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- Wafa Hatem A
- Waheed Yasir
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- Wang Yanzhong
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- Waqas Muhammad
- Ward Paul
- Wassie Emebet Gashaw
- Watson Stefanie
- Watson Stephanie Louise Watson
- Weerakoon Kosala Gayan
- Wei Melissa Y
- Weintraub Robert G
- Weiss Daniel J
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha Praneeth
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wilandika Angga
- Wilkerson Caroline
- Willeit Peter
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wojewodzic Marcin W
- Woldegebreal Demewoz H
- Wolf Axel Walter
- Wolfe Charles D A
- Wondimagegene Yohannes Addisu
- Wong Yen Jun
- Wongsin Utoomporn
- Wool Eve E
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Felicia
- Wu Xinsheng
- Wu Zenghong
- Xia Juan
- Xiao Hong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Suowen
- Xu Wang-Dong
- Xu Xiaoyue
- Xu Yvonne Yiru
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Danting
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Yaribeygi Habib
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad
- Yesiltepe Metin
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yi Siyan
- Yigezu Amanuel
- Yip Paul
- Yismaw Malede Berihun
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuh Faith H
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zangiabadian Moein
- Zar Heather J
- Zare Iman
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeinali Zahra
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Jingya
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Lei
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zitoun Osama A
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zuhlke Liesl J
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Šekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 03/04/2024
- Field of study
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
- Author
- Abad-Motos Ane
- Abbas Ahmed M.
- Abbas Mostafa
- Abbasi Mujeeb
- Abbott Tom
- Abd Karim Muhammad Fairuz Shah
- Abdalaal Ibrahim
- Abdel-Galil Khalid
- Abdelemam Rania
- Abdelgawad Abdalrahman
- Abdelkarim Maryam
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Abdelfatah
- Abdelmawgoud Sherif
- Abdelmohsen Sarah
- Abdelrahman Ahmed Saber
- Abdelrahman Mostafa
- Abdelwahab Khaled
- Abdou Hossam
- Abdulai Darling Ramatu
- Abdulkhaleq Marwa
- Abdullah Bahiyah
- Abdulsalam Khalifa
- Abdulsalam Shuaib
- Abdur-Rahman Lukman
- Abdus-Salam Rukiyat
- Abdussalam Hameedat Opeyemi
- Abebrese John Tabiri
- Abeldaño Ariel
- Abou-Khalil Jad
- Abou-Taleb Hisham
- Abozid Anwaar
- Abozied Hesham
- Abrate Alberto
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abubakar Mohammed Kabir
- Abud Burçin
- Abuzaid Mohammed
- Adam Albushra Altayeb
- Adamina Michel
- Adamou Harissou
- Adamu Auwal
- Adamu Kabir Musa
- Adanu Kekeli
- Adebara Idowu
- Adebola Oluwaseyi
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji
- Adeniran Abiodun
- Adepiti Akinfolarin
- Aderogba Adeleke Akeem
- Adesunkanmi Abdulhafiz
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adisa Adewale
- Adjeso Theophilus Justus Kofi
- Ads Adel Mohamed
- Ads Alaa Mohamed
- Adu-Aryee Nii Armah
- Adumah Collins
- Afzal Irrum
- Agapov Mikhail
- Agarwal Gaurav
- Agarwal Ravi
- Agbeko Anita Eseenam
- Agbeno Evans Kofi
- Agbonrofo Peter
- Agboola Oluseyi
- Aggarwal Gaurav
- Aghadi Ifeanyi
- Aghtarafi Natasha
- Agrawal Amit
- Agresta Ferdinando
- Aguado Héctor J.
- Aguilera-Arevalo Maria-Lorena
- Aherne Thomas
- Ahmad Aline
- Ahmad Maleeha
- Ahmad Misbahu
- Ahmad Sarwat
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Shoaib
- Ahmed Hayat Tarig Abdelhafiz
- Ahmed Khalid
- Ahmed Sharwany
- Ahmed Shima
- Ahmed Usama
- Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen
- Aitken Sarah
- Ajenifuja Kayode
- Ajiya Abdulrazak
- Akeel Nouf
- Akin Emrah
- Akinajo Opeyemi
- Akinyemi Tosin
- Akrida Ioanna
- Aktokmakyan Talar Vartanoglu
- Akwaisah Ayoub
- Al Bettar Osama
- Al-Badawi Ismail A.
- Al-Juaifari Maytham
- Al-Khyatt Waleed
- Al-Mallah Abdullah
- Al-Nusairi Ahmed
- Al-Saadi Nina
- Al-Sayaghi Khaled
- Al-Shaiji Tariq
- Al-Shehari Mohammed
- Al-Touny Aiman
- Al-Touny Shimaa A.
- Aladawi Omar
- Aladna Abdallah
- Alali Mahmoud
- Alam Mahmood
- Alam Mohammed Shadrul
- Alarabi Rehab
- Alawneh Yazan
- Alayande Barnabas
- Albanese Erminia
- Albayadi Eslam
- Albdour Maram
- Alconchel Felipe
- Alderazi Amer
- Alegbeleye Bamidele
- Alekberli Tural
- Alemu Misganaw Alemu Adimass
- Alexander Philip
- Alfieri Alex
- Algahtany Khaled
- Algarni Kamal
- Alhamad Ameen
- Alhamid Mohammad
- Alharmi Rawan A. Rahman
- Alharthi Mohammed
- Alhazmi Barrag
- Ali Mohamed Shafi Mahboob
- Ali Stephen
- Alibrahim Hidar
- Aljaaly Hattan
- Aljaiuossi Anas
- Aljanadi Firas
- Aljiffry Murad
- Aljirdabi Noof
- Alkahlan Mohammed
- Alkhalifa Elmustafa
- Alkhatib Sondos
- Alkhatieb Maram
- Allan Anna
- Almarshad Felwa
- Almgla Naser
- Almhimid Ali
- Almiqlash Bushray
- Almoshantaf Mohammad Badr
- Almutairi Abdulmjeed
- Alnsour Abed Alfattah Mahmoud
- Alobied Majd
- Alomar Osama
- Alonso Jesús Aarón Martínez
- Alonso Manuel Diez
- Alonso Nestor Fabian Pedraza
- Alonso Veronica
- Alqallaf Abdullah
- Alqaseer Asma
- Alrayes Bourhan
- Alsefri Maryam
- Alser Osaid
- Alsharif Mohammed
- Alsori Mohamed
- Altaf Abdulmalik
- Altinel Yuksel
- Altiner Saygin
- Altouny Ahmad
- Altun Demet
- Alvarez Natalia
- Alvarez-Lozada Luis Adrian
- Alvi Abdul
- Alwael Athari
- Alwash Mohammed
- Alyami Ziyad
- Alyousef Mohammed
- Alzahrani Saud
- Alzerwi Nasser
- Amin Shivang
- Amir Mohammed
- Ammar Ahmed Siddique
- Ammendola Michele
- Amores Remedios Revilla
- Amrayev Sultan
- Anastasiadou Sofia
- Ancans Guntis
- Anderson Caroline
- Andreani Lorenzo
- Andreotti Dario
- Andreuccetti Jacopo
- Andrianakis Alexandros
- Andro Christophe
- Anesi Alexandre
- Angamuthu Stephen
- Angeles Martina Aida
- Angelico Roberta
- Angelis Fragkiskos
- Angelou Dimitrios
- Angelou Kyveli
- Angulo Victor Pinto
- Anjum Arfa
- Anjum Muhammad Ayyub
- Annicchiarico Alfredo
- Anoldo Pietro
- Ansaloni Luca
- Anthoulakis Christos
- Antonelli Amedeo
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- Rolinger Jens
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- Shoukrie Shoukrie I. M.
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- Taha Anas
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- Tailor Bhavesh
- Taj Eldeen Samaher Taj Eldeen Hassan
- Takeda Flavio Roberto
- Takkenberg Marijn
- Talat Nabila
- Tallon-Aguilar Luis
- Talwar Rishi
- Tamayo Beatriz Villota
- Tamburello Sara
- Tamini Nicolò
- Tammo Ömer
- Tamoos Khalil
- Tampaki Ekaterini Christina
- Tampakis Athanasios
- Tan Chih Ying
- Tan Shawn Jia Hwang
- Tanal Mert
- Tanas Yousef
- Tang Alethea
- Tang Yita
- Tani Sobhana Iftekhar
- Tantraworasin Apichat
- Tantri Aida Rosita
- Tapia-Herrero Ana-María
- Tarek Ahmed
- Tariq Aiman
- Tarle Marko
- Tarsitano Achille
- Tartaglia Dario
- Tartaglia Nicola
- Tashkandi Wail
- Taskiran Cagatay
- Tatar Cihad
- Tatsis Dimitris
- Tawalbeh Ra'Fat
- Tawiah Augustine
- Tebha Sameer
- Techapongsatorn Suphakarn
- Teixeira Pedro
- Tejero-Pintor Francisco J.
- Tellez Karla Susana Martin
- Tellez Luis Garcia-Sancho
- Thaha Mohamed Adhnan
- Thakar Sumit
- Thaw May Htoo
- Theivendran Kanthan
- Thekkinkattil Dinesh
- Theochari Nikoletta
- Theodoropoulos George
- Theophilidou Elena
- Thereska Dariel
- Thiruchandran Gajendiran
- Thomakos Nikolaos
- Thomas Bradley
- Thomas Jerin Jose
- Thuduvage Vasanthika
- Thumbadoo Ruben
- Tian Sarah
- Tidjane Anisse
- Tirloni Luca
- Toia Francesca
- Tokidis Evripidis
- Tokocin Merve
- Tolani Musliu Adetola
- Toma Elena Adelina
- Tomasicchio Giovanni
- Tomlinson James
- Tonini Valeria
- Torre Beatrice
- Torregrosa Cristina
- Torun Bahar Canbay
- Tottman R.
- Tousidonis Manuel
- Trabulsi Nora
- Tranca Sebastian
- Trebol Jacobo
- Trejo-Avila Mario
- Triantafyllou Alexandra
- Triantafyllou Tania
- Trifunovski Aleksandar
- Tripathi Manjul
- Tripathi Prashant
- Tripathy Sujit
- Trivik-Barrientos Felipe
- Trostchansky Ivan
- Trulson Alexander
- Trungu Sokol
- Truss Adam
- Tsakiridis Ioannis
- Tsakiridis Nikolaos
- Tsiantoula Paraskevi
- Tsironis Dimitrios
- Tsolakidis Alexandros
- Tsoulfas Georgios
- Tucker Olga
- Tuech Jean Jacques
- Turan Alparslan
- Turi Stefano
- Turna Akif
- Turrado-Rodriguez Victor
- Turri Giulia
- Tutino Roberta
- Tuyishime Eugene
- Tzelves Lazaros
- Tzima Ioanna
- Tzimas George
- Ubiali Paolo
- Ubom Akaninyene Eseme
- Ugwu Aloy Okechukwu
- Ugwu Ebere
- Ugwu Ifeanyichukwu
- Ul Huda Maria Noor
- Ulas Ali Bilal
- Uldry Emilie
- Ulgur Hanife Seyda
- Ulkucu Attila
- Ulman Elif Akbas
- Ulman Hilmican
- Ulutaş Mehmet Eşref
- Underwood Kirk
- Unsworth Richard
- Uprak Tevfik Kivilcim
- Urriza Pablo Vallés
- Usman Muhammad
- Usman Mustapha Ibrahim
- Vaassen Lauretta
- Vaccara Vincenzo La
- Vagena Xanthoula
- Vagge Aldo
- Vailas Michail
- Valadez Andrea Estefania Cueto
- Valadez Tania Abigail Cueto
- Valanci Sofia
- Valdespino Cristina Puentes
- Valeanu Liana
- Valioulis Ioannis
- Valladares Sergio Chávez
- Vallve-Bernal Marc
- Van Acker Jill
- Van Den Eynde Jef
- Van Goor Harry
- Van Vliet Helen
- Van Wyk Naomi Natasha
- Vanni Camilla
- Vas Aurelia
- Vasarhelyi Edward
- Vaschetti Roberto
- Vassiliu Panteleimon
- Vatansever Dogan
- Vatish Jamie
- Vaughan-Shaw Peter G.
- Vaysburg Dennis
- Veglia Antonella
- Velten Markus
- Velázquez Maria Jose Martinez
- Venkatappa Sunil Kumar
- Venketeswaran Meenakshi
- Venskutonis Donatas
- Verbic Milena Senica
- Verdi Daunia
- Vergara-Fernandez Omar
- Verhoeff Kevin
- Veroux Massimiliano
- Verras Georgios-Ioannis
- Verre Luigi
- Vida Lucian
- Vidya Raghavan
- Viglietta Edoardo
- Vijay Vardhini
- Vijgen Guy
- Vilaró Blanca Capdevila
- Villanueva Julio
- Vilz Tim O.
- Vincent Elizabeth
- Vinci Danilo
- Viola Simona
- Violante Tommaso
- Vishnoi Jeewan Ram
- Vissapragada Ravi
- Vivancos Laura Guillamon
- Vives Josep Maria Muñoz
- Vizzielli Giuseppe
- Vohra Lubna
- Vokshi Ismail
- Vosinakis Christos
- Vásquez Javier Alberto Gutiérrez
- Vázquez Gil
- Vázquez Irene Ortega
- Vǎcǎraşu Andrei Bogdan
- Wade Ryckie
- Wafi Omar
- Wagner Gabriela
- Wallis Christopher
- Wanjara Samuel
- Waqar Shahzad Hussain
- Warden Claire
- Warner Christian
- Wasim D.
- Wason Shaun
- Wasserman Isaac
- Watcyn-Jones Tom
- Waterson Ben
- Watson David
- Watson Matthew
- Weber Clemens
- Wheatstone P.
- Wheeler James
- Wheldon Luke
- White Michelle
- White Stuart
- White William
- Wickramasinghe Dakshitha
- Widmer Lukas Werner
- Wiedemann Dominik
- Wiesinger Clemens Georg
- Wijekoon Naveen
- Wijenayake Wasantha
- Wijeyaratne Manuk
- Wijeysundera Duminda
- Wiles Matthew
- Wilkin Richard
- Wilkins Alex
- Wilkins James
- William Tinka George
- Williams Omolara Modupe
- Williams Shekinah
- Windsor John
- Winnand Philipp
- Wittmann Maria
- Wolde Amanuel
- Wolfenden John W. D.
- Wong Benjamin Ngie Xiong
- Wong Enoch
- Wong Evan G.
- Wong George Kwok Chu
- Wong Ho Ying Flora
- Wong Kai Yuen
- Wormald Justin
- Wright Deborah
- Wright Joshua
- Wu Fiona
- Wurm Markus
- Xenaki Sofia
- Yadev Ip
- Yahaya Ahmad Shuib
- Yakubu Mustapha
- Yang Wah
- Yanik Özge
- Yanowsky-Reyes Guillermo
- Yassin Abubaker
- Yates Elizabeth
- Yebes Alvaro
- Yenli Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-Ang
- Yeoh Tien
- Yeung Justin
- Yiallourou Anneza
- Yigit Banu
- Yildirim Asif
- Yim Guang
- Yiu Andrew
- Yonekura Hiroshi
- Yotsov Tsanko
- Younis Muhammad Umar
- Yunus Alif
- Yusefi Hossein
- Zabaleta Jon
- Zabkiewicz Catheriner
- Zaccaria Giulia
- Zacharia Bincy
- Zafar Syed Nabeel
- Zago Mauro
- Zaheen Zakia
- Zahid Zahra
- Zaimis Tilemachos
- Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Zambon Martina
- Zamora Lindsey
- Zampogna Biagio
- Zancana Giuseppa
- Zani Augusto
- Zanin Luca
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapardiel Ignacio
- Zapata Carlos Shiraishi
- Zarif Pierre
- Zaránd Attila
- Zehnder Philipp
- Zenger Serkan
- Zenha Horácio
- Zhu Michael Z. L.
- Ziemann Sebastian
- Zimak Danijela Mrazovac
- Zimak Zoran
- Zivkovic Dragana
- Zizzo Maurizio
- Zucker Benjamin
- Zwain Yasir
- Zyskowski Michael
- Ávila Clara Castro
- Älgå Andreas
- Çakici Mehmet Çaǧlar
- Çelik Enes
- Çelik Meryem Nur
- Özçay Necdet
- Şevik Hüsnü
- Šantak Goran
- Šimko Kristián
- Žatecký Jan
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
The Flexing/Twirling Helix: Exploring the Flexibility about Molecular Hinges Formed by Proline and Glycine Motifs in Transmembrane Helices
- Publication venue
- 'American Chemical Society (ACS)'
- Publication date
- Field of study
- …