Review of physiotherapeutic methods used in patients with osteoporosis

Chłystek Joanna, Pietsch Julia, Golus Anna, Abramczyk Agata, Łakomski Mateusz. Review of physiotherapeutic methods used in patients with osteoporosis. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2018;8(9):1058-1066 eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1420053 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/6004 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/877731 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part b item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eissn 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2018; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.08.2018. Revised: 18.08.2018. Accepted: 15.09.2018. Review of physiotherapeutic methods used in patients with osteoporosis Joanna Chłystek, Julia Pietsch, Anna Golus, Agata Abramczyk, Mateusz Łakomski Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Torun Abstract This article is a review of current literature about physiotherapeutic methods used in osteoporosis including physical activity and physical therapy. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease classified as a civilization disease, which is significantly associated with gender, age, low body weight, and lifestyle. Most often it concerns older adults and is also characteristic for postmenopausal women. The research presented in this article suggests the positive influence of physiotherapy (i.e. aerobic exercises and resistance training and also physical therapy) on osteogenic processes, bone mineral density, pain and decrease the risk of falls. Keywords: Osteoporosis, Physiotherapeutic method

The effect of physical activity on mood - a review of current literature

The impact of physical activity on human health has many benefits. Equally important in improving physical fitness and normalizing cardiovascular system seems to be the impact of exercise on mood of patients. Physical activity improves well-being, satisfaction and self-confidence. However, the condition of effective therapeutic intervention is due to its regularity, since only systematic exercises allow to maintain the beneficial effects of physical activity. Otherwise, the results achieved are only temporary. This article aims to review the current literature and show the most important aspects of motion therapy in improving the psychophysical condition of patients

Resistance training for the elderly. Review of the literature

With age, there is a gradual decrease in muscle mass and strength, and the use of strength training contributes to the slowdown of this process. It is also recommended in older people due to the increase in bone mass. An important element of planning this type of training, including the advancement of the person exercising is their lifestyle and the results obtained in strength tests. Due to the age, remember to exercise caution when doing this type of exercise and monitor the course of the training, e.g. by controlling the exercising heart rate or using the Borg scale. Avoid extreme strength and endurance exhaustion as it results in an increase in blood pressure. Strength training brings a number of benefits, but unpredictably planned and conducted also a number of threats. It is indicated in some disease entities, e.g. obesity

Rehabilitation in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory, chronic and progressive connective tissue disease. The causes of this disease are not fully known. About 0. 5 - 1. 5% of the population suffer from RA. This disease is more common in women. The treatment of RA should be comprehensive and include pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy and psychotherapy. It is also important to choose appropriate otropedic supplies. The presented studies indicate a positive effect of complex physiotherapeutic treatment on the reduction of pain and other symptoms of RA

Review of physiotherapeutic methods used in patients with osteoporosis

This article is a review of current literature about physiotherapeutic methods used in osteoporosis including physical activity and physical therapy. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease classified as a civilization disease, which is significantly associated with gender, age, low body weight, and lifestyle. Most often it concerns older adults and is also characteristic for postmenopausal women. The research presented in this article suggests the positive influence of physiotherapy (i.e. aerobic exercises and resistance training and also physical therapy) on osteogenic processes, bone mineral density, pain and decrease the risk of falls

Artykuł oryginalnyAtorwastatyna zmniejsza aktywność współczulną i poprawia czułość odruchu z baroreceptorów u osób z hipercholesterolemią i nadciśnieniem tętniczym

Background: Increased sympathetic activity might be related to pathogenesis of hypertension as well as to end organ damage. Animal studies suggest that statins decrease sympathetic activity and increase baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS). Aim: To examine whether atorvastatin decreases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and BRS in hypercholesterolaemic and hypertensive patients. Methods: Ten patients with essential hypertension and untreated hypercholesterolaemia (aged 43 &#177; 12 years) and eight healthy subjects (aged 37 &#177; 7 years) were enrolled in the study. In both groups the recordings of microneurography, ECG, blood pressure and BRS were performed twice, before and after 8 weeks during which the patients (but not controls) were treated with atorvastatin. Results: Compared with controls, the patients had higher MSNA values (36.0 &#177; 6.6 vs. 29.8 &#177; 3.7 bursts/minute), mean BP levels (145.1 &#177; 10 vs. 124.1 &#177; 11.1 mmHg) and total cholesterol concentration (252.6 &#177; 22.6 vs. 179.8 &#177; 20.7 mg/dl) baseline values. Statin therapy resulted in a decrease of total cholesterol (252.6 &#177; 22.0 vs. 173.8 &#177; 26.2 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and MSNA (36.0 &#177; 6.6 vs. 28.6 &#177; 4.8 bursts/min, p < 0.05), whereas BRS values were increased (12.6 &#177; 5.6 vs. 18.1 &#177; 5.9 ms/mmHg, p < 0.05). Post-treatment BRS was inversely related to post-treatment MSNA (r = &#8211;0.73, p < 0.05). In the controls there were no changes in MSNA (29.8 &#177; 3.7 vs. 28.9 &#177; 2.9 bursts/min), BRS (11.9 &#177; 5.0 vs. 13.1 &#177; 4.8 ms/mmHg), total cholesterol, BP and heart rate between the first and the second measurement. Conclusion: Atorvastatin reduces MSNA and increases BRS in hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients. Decrease in sympathetic activity may be the result of improvement of baroreceptor function by atorvastatin.Wstęp: Zwiększona aktywność układu współczulnego odgrywa istotną rolę w patogenezie nadciśnienia tętniczego i jego powikłań. Badania na modelu zwierzęcym sugerują, że statyny mogą obniżać aktywność współczulną i zwiększać czułość odruchu z baroreceptorów (ang. baroreceptor reflex sensitivity, BRS). Cel: Ocena, czy atorwastatyna obniża aktywność współczulną rejestrowaną jako aktywność domięśniowych nerwów współczulnych (ang. muscle sympathetic nerve activity, MSNA) metodą mikroneurografii oraz jak wpływa na BRS u osób z nadciśnieniem tętniczym i hipercholesterolemią. Metody: Zbadano 10 mężczyzn chorych na nadciśnienie tętnicze pierwotne z nieleczoną hipercholesterolemią (wiek 43 &#177; 12 lat) i 8 mężczyzn zdrowych (37 &#177; 7 lat). W obu grupach na początku i po 8 tygodniach wykonano badanie MSNA, ocenę BRS, EKG i pomiary ciśnienia tętniczego. W 8-tygodniowym okresie między badaniami statynę podawano tylko w grupie z hipercholesterolemią. Wyniki: U chorych w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną stwierdzano wyższą aktywność współczulną podczas oceny MSNA (36,0 &#177; 6,6 vs 29,8 &#177; 3,7 pobudzeń/min), wyższe średnie ciśnienie tętnicze (145,1 &#177; 10 vs 124,1 &#177; 11,1 mmHg) i stężenie cholesterolu całkowitego (252,6 &#177; 22,6 vs 179,8 &#177; 20,7 mg/dl). Podawanie atorwastatyny spowodowało obniżenie stężenia cholesterolu (252,6 &#177; 22,0 vs 173,8 &#177; 26,2 mg/dl, p < 0,05) i aktywności współczulnej podczas badania MSNA (36,0 &#177; 6,6 vs 28,6 &#177; 4,8 pobudzeń/min, p < 0,05) oraz zwiększenie BRS (12,6 &#177; 5,6 vs 18,1 &#177; 5,9 ms/mmHg, p < 0,05). U chorych leczonych atorwastatyną odruch z baroreceptorów korelował ujemnie z aktywnością współczulną mierzoną podczas MSNA (r = &#8211;0,73, p < 0,05). W grupie kontrolnej między pierwszym a drugim badaniem nie stwierdzono zmian w aktywności współczulnej podczas oceny MSNA (29,8 &#177; 3,7 vs 28,9 &#177; 2,9 pobudzeń/min), w BRS (11,9 &#177; 5,0 vs 13,1 &#177; 4,8 ms/mmHg), stężeniu cholesterolu, ciśnieniu tętniczym i częstotliwości pracy serca. Wnioski: Podanie atorwastatyny zmniejsza aktywność współczulną mierzoną MSNA i zwiększa BRS u osób z nadciśnieniem tętniczym i hipercholesterolemią. Zmniejszenie aktywności współczulnej może wynikać z poprawy BRS

Atorvastatin reduces sympathetic activity and increases baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in patients with hypercholesterolaemia and systemic arterial hypertension

Background: Increased sympathetic activity might be related to pathogenesis of hypertension as well as to end organ damage. Animal studies suggest that statins decrease sympathetic activity and increase baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (BRS). Aim: To examine whether atorvastatin decreases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and BRS in hypercholesterolaemic and hypertensive patients. Methods: Ten patients with essential hypertension and untreated hypercholesterolaemia (aged 43 ± 12 years) and eight healthy subjects (aged 37 ± 7 years) were enrolled in the study. In both groups the recordings of microneurography, ECG, blood pressure and BRS were performed twice, before and after 8 weeks during which the patients (but not controls) were treated with atorvastatin. Results: Compared with controls, the patients had higher MSNA values (36.0 ± 6.6 vs. 29.8 ± 3.7 bursts/minute), mean BP levels (145.1 ± 10 vs. 124.1 ± 11.1 mmHg) and total cholesterol concentration (252.6 ± 22.6 vs. 179.8 ± 20.7 mg/dl) baseline values. Statin therapy resulted in a decrease of total cholesterol (252.6 ± 22.0 vs. 173.8 ± 26.2 mg/dl, p < 0.05) and MSNA (36.0 ± 6.6 vs. 28.6 ± 4.8 bursts/min, p < 0.05), whereas BRS values were increased (12.6 ± 5.6 vs. 18.1 ± 5.9 ms/mmHg, p < 0.05). Post-treatment BRS was inversely related to post-treatment MSNA (r = -0.73, p < 0.05). In the controls there were no changes in MSNA (29.8 ± 3.7 vs. 28.9 ± 2.9 bursts/min), BRS (11.9 ± 5.0 vs. 13.1 ± 4.8 ms/mmHg), total cholesterol, BP and heart rate between the first and the second measurement. Conclusion: Atorvastatin reduces MSNA and increases BRS in hypertensive and hypercholesterolaemic patients. Decrease in sympathetic activity may be the result of improvement of baroreceptor function by atorvastatin.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Suppression of Hepatic PPAR&alpha; in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Is Modulated by miR-155

Background: PPAR&alpha; is a ligand-activated transcription factor that shows protective effects against metabolic disorders, inflammation and apoptosis. Primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis result in the intrahepatic accumulation of bile acids that leads to liver dysfunction and damage. Small, non-coding RNAs such as miR-155 and miR-21 are associated with silencing PPAR&alpha;. Methods: The expression of miR-155, miR-21 and PPAR&alpha; were evaluated using real-time PCR on liver tissue, as well as on human hepatocytes (HepG2) or cholangiocytes (NHCs) following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glycodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA) and/or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Results: A reduction of PPAR&alpha; in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) livers was associated with miR-21 and miR-155 upregulation. Experimental overexpression of either miR-155 or miR-21 inhibited PPAR&alpha; in hepatocytes, whereas, in cholangiocytes, only miR-21 suppressed PPAR&alpha;. Both GCDCA and LCA induced the cell type-specific upregulation of miR-155 or miR-21. In HepG2, LPS-induced miR-155 expression was blocked by a cotreatment with UDCA and was associated with PPAR&alpha; upregulation. In NHC cells, the expression of miR-21 was induced by LPS but did not affect PPAR&alpha; expression. Conclusions: Hepatic PPAR&alpha; expression is reduced in PBC livers as a likely result of miR-155 overexpression. UDCA effectively reduced both baseline and LPS-induced miR-155 expression, thus preventing the suppression of PPAR&alpha;

Effect of Low Testosterone Levels on the Expression of Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha in Female Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Sex-dependent patterns in chronic immune-mediated cholangiopathies, like primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), remain poorly understood. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), expressed in immune cells, plays a key role in innate defence. In this study, the relationship between PPAR-α expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), serum androgen levels, IFNγ production, and sex-dependent tendencies during the development of PBC and PSC was investigated. We confirmed that normal cholangiocytes respond to PPAR-α and inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of IL-6, IL-1b, and TNFα. Compared with PSC patients, PPAR-α was downregulated, while IFNγ was upregulated, in the PBMCs of PBC patients. When the analysis was conducted on females only, there was no difference in PPAR-α, but IFNγ was elevated in females with PBC compared with those with PSC. Serum testosterone concentrations in females with PBC were below the normal range (regardless of age) and correlated positively with PPAR-α and negatively with IFNγ. While PPAR-α has been reported to be a target of miR-155 and miR-21, no correlations with these microRNAs were observed in the PBMCs. However, a positive correlation between miR-21 and IFNγ was observed. Our results showed suppressed PPAR-α expression accompanied by reduced testosterone levels in women with PBC, which should elicit interest in the role of testosterone in PBC development