The importance of new comprehension on the epidemiology and development of periodontal disease for effective preventive programs / A importância de um novo entendimento sobre a epidemiologia e o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal para programas preventivos eficazes

This paper is a review of the literature as to relevant aspects of the periodontal disease, focusing on the need of new interpretations of its epidemiology and development, so that high risk groups acan be identified and really effective preventive programs can be developed.

Expected Return on Activities and Changes in Dental Care with COVID-19

Dear Editor, The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has been spreading daily all over the world. Currently, more than 17,106,007 cases were positive for COVID-19 worldwide and 668,910 deaths (https://who.sprinklr.com). Besides that, few is known about this virus and what the real damage it can cause. The COVID-19 was identified in the saliva of infected patients, and this fluid can be pivotal in the transmission between humans. As a thought for dental clinics, many droplets and aerosols from saliva are expected, so that dental schools were closed, and dental clinics have been advised to maintain only urgency services around the world.However, even after returning from activities, we will need to be very careful. Analysis of the Covid-19 transmission projections will possibly require intermittent or prolonged isolation and social distancing measures until 2022 in the absence of an effective preventive measure. Even in periods of apparent pandemic control, monitoring must be maintained since the risk of a resurgence of new waves of spread and contamination may be possible until 2024 [1]

Health changes during Covid-19: a nationwide study with dental students

OBJECTIVE: To assess the changes in stress levels, social behavior, dietary and parafunctional habits, oral hygiene, among other conditions perceived by dental students in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic and evaluated the correlations between stress level and other variables. METHODS: An online questionnaire was developed and validated. Undergraduates enrolled in private and public dental schools were recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected on the perceived changes regarding stress levels, financial and social characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, and parafunctional habits. Quantitative variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies. Wilcoxon test evaluated comparisons between perceived changes, and correlations between changes in stress levels and other variables were analyzed by Spearman correlation (α = 0.05). RESULTS: A total of 638 dental students, mean age of 22.95 ± 4.10 years, participated in the study. During the pandemic, the reported stress levels increased while household income decreased (p < 0.05). Late dinners and mindless eating increased in frequency, whereas oral hygiene decreased (p < 0.05). Most of the health conditions and parafunctional habits assessed changed (p < 0.05). Perceived stress levels showed poor negative correlations with household income (rS = −0.14), poor positive correlations with the pressure to contribute financially in the household (rS = 0.19), and poor positive correlations with food choice frequency (rS = 0.15) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Dental students reported perceived changes in stress levels, dietary habits, oral hygiene, health conditions, parafunctional habits, and social behavior. Moreover, the results showed poor correlations, as students with higher stress levels tended to have the lowest household income, feel pressured to contribute financially in the household, and present a high meal intake frequency

Physical evaluation of the luting systems for veneer ceramic after aging / Avaliação física dos sistemas de cimentação para faceta cerâmica após envelhecimento

The aim of this in vitro study was evaluated the amount of color change and degree of conversion of the luting systems for ceramic veneer cementation. Forty-eight human incisors were randomly divided into six groups (n=8) according to the bonding procedure: RelyX Veneer/Single Bond 2; RelyX ARC/Single Bond 2; Filtek Z350 XT Flowable /Single Bond 2; Variolink Veneer/Tetric N-Bond; Variolink II/Tetric N-Bond; Tetric N-Flow/Tetric N-Bond. Ceramic veneers (IPS Empress Esthetic) were cemented using the different bonding procedures. Color differences of the ceramic surface after cementation and 300 h(150kJ/m2) of UV aging test, were examined with a colorimeter. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to evaluate the degree of conversion for each luting system. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). All the luting systems demonstrated significant changes in color stability. The ΔE of the systems ranged from 6,11 to 9,33. Tetric N-Flow and RelyX Veneer showed the highest degree of conversion, while lowest values were found for RelyX ARC. All luting systems demonstrated clinically unacceptable (ΔE≥ 3.3) color changes. Despite to the dual cure of the RelyX ARC luting cement, it showed the lowest degree of conversion values, while Tetric N-Flow and RelyX Veneer presented the highest and similar degree of conversion

Legislation in Hospital Dentistry: Gaps, Perspectives and Desires

Objective: To analyze the existing state legislation, including not only the ordinary laws, but also their infralegal regulation and the state legislation on Hospital Dentistry. Material and Methods: A survey was carried out in the databases of the Legislative Assemblies of the Brazilian States and the Federal District, as well as the Regional and Federal Councils of Dentistry in Brazil. Subsequently, a survey was carried out in the databases of the Ministry of Health, State Dental Councils and Federal Dental Council in Brazil. Results: Only 8 Brazilian states have legislation in force regarding hospital dentistry, which represents 29.63% of the federative units. Among the Brazilian regions, the Midwest presented the highest prevalence of the laws found (37.50%), followed by the North (25%) and the other regions with the same coverage (12.50%). Also, an orientation and an ordinance from the Ministry of Health, six resolutions from the Federal Council of Dentistry, and a technical note from the National Health Surveillance Agency were found. Conclusion: Several States do not have rules on the subject, making it imperative to create a federal rule that not only imposes the presence of the dentist, but also regulates the proportion of the team, workload, and availability

Desensitizing Agent Previously Applied During In-Office Bleaching: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective: To compare the clinical effect of two desensitizing agents used before the application of a bleaching gel based on 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Material and Methods: 30 patients were selected, and two desensitizing agents with different mechanisms of action were applied: Fluorine Neutral 2% (FN), which acts by blocking dentinal canaliculi while Potassium Nitrate 5% with 2% Sodium Fluoride (PN/SF) that acts in nerve transmission and blockade. Desensitizers were used before the application of 35% HP. For whitening, three clinical sessions were performed, with an interval of seven days, with three applications of the bleaching gel for 15 minutes, totaling 45 minutes/session. Tooth sensitivity (TS) was assessed with the numerical analog scale, and a spectrophotometer was used to obtain the color variation (ΔE).ΔE were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05), and TS data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA analysis. Results: For sensitivity experience, the Tukey test indicated differences between PN/SF and the placebo I, but there was no statistically significant difference between FN and the placebo II. The TS was lower when the desensitizing gel was used during the bleaching procedure compared to after treatment, regardless of the desensitizing agents. Conclusion: PN/SF before in-office tooth bleaching can reduce TS intensity, and the use of desensitizing gel before bleaching did not affect the bleaching efficacy

Effect of simplified chemical moisture control protocols on the bond durability of fiber posts cemented to root dentin / Efeito de protocolos simplificados de controle químico de umidade na durabilidade da união de pinos de fibra cimentados à dentina radicular

Objective: Investigate the influence of simplified chemical moisture control protocols on the bond durability of fiber posts through an evaluation of push-out bond strength.  Materials and methods: Forty-eight roots from single-rooted human teeth were treated endodontically and randomly distributed among groups with different dehydration protocols (n = 8): simplified ethanol wet bonding/100 (100G) – irrigation with 100% ethanol; simplified ethanol wet bonding/50 (50G) – irrigation with 50% ethanol; wet bonding (WG) – removal of excess water with paper. Fiber posts were cemented with the Ambar/Allcem (FGM) luting system, following the manufacturer's instructions. The bonded roots were cut cross-sectionally, producing slices 1 mm in thickness. The specimens were tested for push-out bond strength after 24 h (T1) and 12 months (T2) of storage. Specimens from each group were also processed for the nanoleakage analysis. The statistical analysis was performed considering a 5% significance level. Results: Significant differences were found among groups at T1 (p = 0.01) and T2 (p = 0.007). Bond stability in 100G was maintained after one year of aging, demonstrating greater bond strength (9.51 ± 3.28) in comparison to the other groups, with no significant differences in the analysis of the roots by thirds. The nanoleakage results confirmed that the simplified 100% ethanol wet bonding method improved the quality of the interface. Conclusions: Simplified 100% ethanol wet bonding contributes to the bond stability of the fiberglass posts on root dentin. 

Scaffold based on castor oil as an osteoconductive matrix in bone repair: biocompatibility analysis

To analyze the biocompatibility of the scaffold produced from a natural polymer derived from castor oil through hemolytic activity and antimicrobial activity, to enable the clinical application. Three in vitro tests were performed: Hemolytic activity test - Polymer partially dissolved in contact with blood agar; Hemolytic activity test in sheep's blood - Polymer extract with red blood cells solution; Antimicrobial activity test - Solid polymer in direct contact with E. Coli and S. Aureus. For hemolytic tests, none of the samples showed hemolysis. Negative hemolytic activity is a good indicator, as the maintenance of the blood clot in the area of the lesion is essential for the formation of new tissue. For the antimicrobial activity test, no significant activity was observed against the bacteria used. The polymer is not toxic to red blood cells, being viable for clinical application as a matrix for tissue regeneration.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Effects of desensitizing products on the reduction of pain sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a 24-week follow-up

Objective: To clinically assess the effect of desensitizing gels and dentifrices on the reduction in pain sensitivity and color variation during tooth bleaching. Methodology: A total of 108 volunteers were randomly separated into the following groups of n=12: GT/S-glycerine and thickener/sucralose; NF/S-potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride/sucralose; NA/S-potassium nitrate and arginine/sucralose; GT/AC-glycerine and thickener/arginine and calcium carbonate; NF/AC-potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride/arginine and calcium carbonate; NA/AC-potassium nitrate and arginine/arginine and calcium carbonate; GT/PN-glycerine and thickener/potassium nitrate; NF/PN-potassium nitrate and sodium fluoride/potassium nitrate; and NA/PN-potassium nitrate and arginine/potassium nitrate. Sensitivity was assessed with the numerical analogue scale, and color variation (ΔE) was measured with a spectrophotometer. The sensitivity values obtained were subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and color variation values were subjected to a randomized analysis of variance (p<0.05). Results: The NF/AC, NA/AC, NF/PN, and NA/PN groups presented lower sensitivity values and reduced sensitivity compared to those of the other groups throughout the clinical sessions. None of the groups showed sensitivity at the 24-week assessment. Statistically, no significant difference were observed in the color values among the groups four weeks after the beginning of bleaching (p=0.074). Additionally, the color assessment of all groups was statistically similar four weeks (p=0.084) and 24 weeks (p=0.118) after the beginning. Conclusion: Our results indicate that adding NF/S, NA/S, NF/AC, and NA/AC desensitizers to tooth bleaching protocols reduces pain sensitivity without affecting its effectiveness

Evaluation of caries risk in pre-school children using the CAMBRA protocol and CAST index / Avaliação do risco de cárie em crianças em idade pré-escolar utilizando o protocolo CAMBRA e o índice CAST

Objective: To evaluate the risk of caries and oral health condition in children, using the CAMBRA protocol of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) and the Species and Treatment Index for Caries Assessment (CAST) in preschoolers. Method: Method: It is characterized as a cross-sectional retrospective observational analytical study, with clinical examination procedures, questionnaires and oral hygiene analysis in children from 2 to 5 years old. 507 preschoolers aged 2 to 5 years were evaluated in public daycare centers in the city of São Gonçalo - Brazil. Results: The CAMBRA protocol has a moderate risk of 55.4%, while 44.6% has a high risk of caries, from 2 to 5 years. When considering the range of 2 to 3 years apart, 67.1% of children are at high risk. The CAST index showed 10.6% of lesions caused by caries, correlated between caries and the CAST index. Conclusion: It is necessary to implement preventive strategies to reduce caries in this studied group