24 research outputs found
Validação de metodologia de reconstrução de coordenadas para monitorização dos movimentos de jogadores de Futebol através do sistema de posicionamento global diferencial
O objectivo principal deste trabalho consistiu na utilização de um sistema de posicionamento global com correcção diferencial em tempo real (dGPS-RTK) e de células fotoeléctricas para avaliar a validade e a consistência da metodologia de obtenção de parâmetros biomecânicos no Futebol, a partir da digitalização de imagens de vídeo recolhidas por uma câmara de filmar fixa. A digitalização foi realizada pelo software "TACTO" e a reconstrução de coordenadas virtuais em coordenadas reais, por transformação directa linear a 2D ("2D-DLT"), foi realizada com algoritmos desenvolvidos em rotinas criadas em ambiente "MATLAB". A validade do sistema de digitalização ficou demonstrada por todos os parâmetros estatísticos utilizados, desde a análise de regressão, passando pela correlação e pela determinação do erro. A análise da consistência, intra-operador e inter-operadores, também revelou indicadores estatísticos (coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, erro técnico relativo de medida ou coeficiente de correlação intra-classe) que demonstram a fiabilidade da técnica utilizada. - ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to use a global positioning system, with real-time differential correction (GPS-RTK) and photocells to evaluate the validity and the reliability of a methodology for obtaining Football biomechanical parameters from digitalized vídeo images obtained by a fixed vídeo camera. "TACTO" software was used for digitalization and the reconstruction of virtual coordinates into real ones using 2D direct linear transformation ("2D DLT"), was carried out with algorithms developed in "MATLAB" software routines. The validity of the methodology was demonstrated by all the statistical parameters used, including regression analysis, correlation and error of determination. The intraoperator and interoperators reliability analysis of the digitalization process also revealed statistical parameters (correlation coefficient of Pearson, relative technical error of measurement or the intraclass correlation coefficient) that demonstrate the reliability of the methodology used
Tire inflation pressure effects on tractor disc harrow performance
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da pressão de insuflagem dos pneus nos parâmetros de desempenho do conjunto trator-grade de discos. As pressões avaliadas foram: 100 kPa nos pneus da frente e 70 kPa nos pneus atrás; 140 kPa nos quatro pneus; 190 kPa nos quatro pneus. Os testes de um trator com grades de discos foram desenvolvidos em condições de campo, em solos de textura franca, mobilizados e secos. Os parâmetros de avaliação foram: o patinamento, a velocidade, a capacidade de trabalho, a eficiência energética global e o consumo de combustível por hectare. Entre as situações de pressão de insuflagem dos pneus indicadas pelo fabricante do trator e a pressão de insuflagem indicada pelo fabricante dos pneus, não se verificam diferenças significativas, tanto na capacidade de trabalho como no consumo de combustível por hectare. A utilização de elevadas pressões de insuflagem dos pneus conduz a uma redução da ordem de 3 a 5% na capacidade de trabalho e um aumento significativo entre 10 e 25% do consumo de combustível por hectare, mesmo em condições de boa aderência dos pneus, refletidas no intervalo de 7 a 15% de patinamento registrados.The objective of this work was to evaluate the tire inflation pressure effects on tractor disc harrow performance. The pressures tested were: 100 kPa in front tires and 70 kPa in rear tires; 140 kPa in the tires of both axles; 190 kPa in the tires of both axles. Field tests with disc harrow in secondary tillage were performed under real working conditions, in tilled and dry medium textured soils. The evaluation parameters were: the slip, the actual forward speed, the work capacity, the overall energy efficiency and the fuel consumption per hectare. Concerning the situations of tire inflation pressure specified by the tractor manufacturer and the inflation pressure specified by the tire manufacturer, there were no significant differences, both in work capacity and in fuel consumption per hectare. Higher tire inflation pressures showed a slight reduction (3 to 5%) in the work capacity and a significantly increase in the fuel consumption per hectare (10 to 25%), even in good traction conditions displayed by the interval of slip average values (7 to 15%)
A Comparative Analysis of Phytovolume Estimation Methods Based on UAV-Photogrammetry and Multispectral Imagery in a Mediterranean Forest
Management and control operations are crucial for preventing forest fires, especially in Mediterranean forest areas with dry climatic periods. One of them is prescribed fires, in which the biomass fuel present in the controlled plot area must be accurately estimated. The most used methods for estimating biomass are time-consuming and demand too much manpower. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) carrying multispectral sensors can be used to carry out accurate indirect measurements of terrain and vegetation morphology and their radiometric characteristics. Based on the UAV-photogrammetric project products, four estimators of phytovolume were compared in a Mediterranean forest area, all obtained using the difference between a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM). The DSM was derived from a UAV-photogrammetric project based on the structure from a motion algorithm. Four different methods for obtaining a DTM were used based on an unclassified dense point cloud produced through a UAV-photogrammetric project (FFU), an unsupervised classified dense point cloud (FFC), a multispectral vegetation index (FMI), and a cloth simulation filter (FCS). Qualitative and quantitative comparisons determined the ability of the phytovolume estimators for vegetation detection and occupied volume. The results show that there are no significant differences in surface vegetation detection between all the pairwise possible comparisons of the four estimators at a 95% confidence level, but FMI presented the best kappa value (0.678) in an error matrix analysis with reference data obtained from photointerpretation and supervised classification. Concerning the accuracy of phytovolume estimation, only FFU and FFC presented differences higher than two standard deviations in a pairwise comparison, and FMI presented the best RMSE (12.3 m) when the estimators were compared to 768 observed data points grouped in four 500 m2 sample plots. The FMI was the best phytovolume estimator of the four compared for low vegetation height in a Mediterranean forest. The use of FMI based on UAV data provides accurate phytovolume estimations that can be applied on several environment management activities, including wildfire prevention. Multitemporal phytovolume estimations based on FMI could help to model the forest resources evolution in a very realistic way
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Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study
Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat
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Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake
Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study
Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat
Contribuição para a optimização do sistema dinâmico tractor-alfaia em mobilização do solo
Esta tese aborda questões relativas à optimização do desempenho do conjunto tractor-alfaia em mobilização do solo, apoiada em ensaios de campo realizados no âmbito do projecto Pamaf- 8.140. Foram utilizados tractores e grades de discos "offset" em condições habituais de trabalho para instalação de culturas de sequeiro no Alentejo.
O estudo incidiu sobre os ajustamentos ao nível do regime de funcionamento do motor e da relação de transmissão da caixa de velocidades, do lastro e da pressão de enchimento dos pneus, da abertura dos corpos da grade de discos e da velocidade de trabalho. Foram considerados como parâmetros de avaliação a capacidade de trabalho e o consumo de combustível por unidade de área trabalhada. Foi também estudado o efeito da abertura dos corpos da grade de discos e da velocidade de trabalho sobre a dimensão dos agregados do solo.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram o estabelecimento de um modelo de previsão do esforço de tracção em grades de discos e constituem uma contribuição para a criação de uma base de dados de tracção, correspondente a condições reais de trabalho, que poderá servir como referência para apoio a tomadas de decisão, quer dos agricultores, na avaliação de diferentes itinerários de mobilização do solo e no dimensionamento do conjunto tractor-alfaia, quer dos fabricantes, como indicador para efeitos de concepção e projecto de alfaias
Iniciação desportiva, actividades prévias e especialização no treino de futsal em Portugal
O presente estudo pretende analisar e caracterizar a preparação desportiva em longo prazo dos melhores jogadores de futsal portugueses. Para alcançar este objetivo foram realizados dois estudos distintos. O estudo 1 permitiu averiguar o percurso desportivo de jogadores séniores proveniente de diferentes níveis competitivos, elite (n=60), intermédio (n=160) e regional (151). Por sua vez, o estudo 2 comparou o envolvimento desportivo inicial dos melhores jogadores portugueses (n=24), com aquele desenvolvido por jogadores mais jovens, selecionados para representar as equipas distritais (n=270) e contemplou, adicionalmente, uma análise entre sexos. Todos os participantes preencheram um questionário previamente validado, que fornece informações de carácter retrospectivo sobre as atividades desportivas experiências ao longo da sua carreira. Os resultados demonstraram que os melhores jogadores se distinguem dos jogadores de níveis competitivos inferiores pela dedicação mais precoce ao treino desportivo e especificamente ao futsal, facto que é reforçado tanto pelo acréscimo progressivo do volume de treino semanal como na duração das épocas desportivas. Estes aspectos emergem como fatores discriminantes neste processo, não deixando de referenciar o contributo da prática diversificada no percurso dos melhores jogadores portugueses de futsal