FORMAR O TREINADOR E O JOGADOR NAS CATEGORIAS DE BASE DO FUTEBOL: ENGENDRANDO NA INTERAÇÃO E/OU NA ESPECIFICIDADE?

This study presents educational possibilities for football coaches and players at their clubs, based on the particularities of each process and the interaction between them. To coaches we indicate Peter Jarvis’s proposal based on Lifelong Learning, which advocates that all experiences promote learning shaped by individuals’ interaction with the world. Regarding players’ development, we use a player-centered and game-based approach supported by Nonlinear Pedagogy, seeking to provide a learning environment that is representative for their development. For both, we emphasize the need for systematized knowledge at clubs to establish formative and meaningful strategies for subjects. El objetivo del estudio es presentar posibilidades de formación para el entrenador y el jugador de fútbol en el club a partir de las particularidades de cada proceso y en la interacción entre ambos. Indicamos al entrenador la propuesta basada en el Aprendizaje a Largo Plazo de Peter Jarvis, que preconiza que todas las experiencias vividas promueven aprendizajes, moldeados por la interacción del individuo con el mundo. En cuanto al jugador, partimos de la Pedagogía No Lineal (PNL), para sustentar un proceso que sea centrado en el jugador y pautado en el juego, buscando ofrecer un ambiente de aprendizaje representativo para el desarrollo del jugador. Para ambos, destacamos la necesidad de un conocimiento sistematizado en el club para establecer estrategias formativas y significativas para los sujetos. O objetivo do estudo é apresentar possibilidades de formação para o treinador e o jogador de futebol no clube a partir das particularidades de cada processo e na interação entre ambos. Indicamos ao treinador a proposta baseada na Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida, de Peter Jarvis, que preconiza que todas as experiências vividas promovem aprendizagens moldadas pela interação do indivíduo com o mundo. Quanto ao jogador, partimos da Pedagogia Não Linear (PNL) para sustentar um processo que seja centrado no jogador e pautado no jogo, buscando oferecer um ambiente de aprendizagem representativo para o desenvolvimento do jogador. Para ambos, destacamos a necessidade de um conhecimento sistematizado no clube para estabelecer estratégias formativas e significativas para os sujeitos.

Desfechos gestacionais e perinatais decorrentes de complicações obstétricas em adolescentes/ Gestational and perinatal outputs arising from obstetric complications in adolescents

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência dos desfechos de complicações obstétricas em perinatos e adolescentes internadas em uma maternidade pública de referencia. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo e quantitativo. Realizado em uma maternidade pública do Piauí. Resultados: foram analisados 201 prontuários de parturientes, de 10 a 19 anos, que tiveram complicações obstétricas, das quais, 70,6% possuíam entres 17 a 19 anos, eram solteiras (44,8%), a maioria possuía ensino fundamental (54,2%), residiam em outros municípios (61,7%), do lar (56,7%), realizaram entre 4 a 6 consultas de pré-natal (45,8%), gestação única (96%), tiveram mais partos cesarianos (59,7%). A síndrome hipertensiva específica da gestação (28,9%) foi a que prevaleceu. Sendo os desfechos maternos à internação em UTI (9,5%), e perinatais o abortamento (17,9%). Conclusão: é indispensável uma equipe multiprofissional qualificada para prestar assistência necessária, tanto na capital como nos municípios, favorecendo assim, uma boa evolução e redução da mortalidade materna e perinatal

Studies of the mass composition of cosmic rays and proton-proton interaction cross-sections at ultra-high energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

In this work, we present an estimate of the cosmic-ray mass composition from the distributions of the depth of the shower maximum (Xmax) measured by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We discuss the sensitivity of the mass composition measurements to the uncertainties in the properties of the hadronic interactions, particularly in the predictions of the particle interaction cross-sections. For this purpose, we adjust the fractions of cosmic-ray mass groups to fit the data with Xmax distributions from air shower simulations. We modify the proton-proton cross-sections at ultra-high energies, and the corresponding air shower simulations with rescaled nucleus-air cross-sections are obtained via Glauber theory. We compare the energy-dependent composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays obtained for the different extrapolations of the proton-proton cross-sections from low-energy accelerator data

Study of downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The surface detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory, consisting of 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors (WCDs), covers 3000 km2 in the Argentinian pampa. Thanks to the high efficiency of WCDs in detecting gamma rays, it represents a unique instrument for studying downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) over a large area. Peculiar events, likely related to downward TGFs, were detected at the Auger Observatory. Their experimental signature and time evolution are very different from those of a shower produced by an ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray. They happen in coincidence with low thunderclouds and lightning, and their large deposited energy at the ground is compatible with that of a standard downward TGF with the source a few kilometers above the ground. A new trigger algorithm to increase the TGF-like event statistics was installed in the whole array. The study of the performance of the new trigger system during the lightning season is ongoing and will provide a handle to develop improved algorithms to implement in the Auger upgraded electronic boards. The available data sample, even if small, can give important clues about the TGF production models, in particular, the shape of WCD signals. Moreover, the SD allows us to observe more than one point in the TGF beam, providing information on the emission angle

Combined fit to the spectrum and composition data measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory including magnetic horizon effects

The measurements by the Pierre Auger Observatory of the energy spectrum and mass composition of cosmic rays can be interpreted assuming the presence of two extragalactic source populations, one dominating the flux at energies above a few EeV and the other below. To fit the data ignoring magnetic field effects, the high-energy population needs to accelerate a mixture of nuclei with very hard spectra, at odds with the approximate E$^{-2}$ shape expected from diffusive shock acceleration. The presence of turbulent extragalactic magnetic fields in the region between the closest sources and the Earth can significantly modify the observed CR spectrum with respect to that emitted by the sources, reducing the flux of low-rigidity particles that reach the Earth. We here take into account this magnetic horizon effect in the combined fit of the spectrum and shower depth distributions, exploring the possibility that a spectrum for the high-energy population sources with a shape closer to E$^{-2}$ be able to explain the observations

The dynamic range of the upgraded surface-detector stations of AugerPrime

The detection of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays by means of giant detector arrays is often limited by the saturation of the recorded signals near the impact point of the shower core at the ground, where the particle density dramatically increases. The saturation affects in particular the highest energy events, worsening the systematic uncertainties in the reconstruction of the shower characteristics. The upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory, called AugerPrime, includes the installation of an 1-inch Small PhotoMultiplier Tube (SPMT) inside each water-Cherenkov station (WCD) of the surface detector array. The SPMT allows an unambiguous measurement of signals down to about 250m from the shower core, thus reducing the number of events featuring a saturated station to a negligible level. In addition, a 3.8m2 plastic scintillator (Scintillator Surface Detector, SSD) is installed on top of each WCD. The SSD is designed to match the WCD (with SPMT) dynamic range, providing a complementary measurement of the shower components up to the highest energies. In this work, the design and performances of the upgraded AugerPrime surface-detector stations in the extended dynamic range are described, highlighting the accuracy of the measurements. A first analysis employing the unsaturated signals in the event reconstruction is also presented

Investigating multiple elves and halos above strong lightning with the fluorescence detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory

ELVES are being studied since 2013 with the twenty-four FD Telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory, in the province of Mendoza (Argentina), the world’s largest facility for the study of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This study exploits a dedicated trigger and extended readout. Since December 2020, this trigger has been extended to the three High levation Auger Telescopes (HEAT), which observe the night sky at elevation angles between 30 and 60 degrees, allowing a study of ELVES from closer lightning. The high time resolution of the Auger telescopes allows us to upgrade reconstruction algorithms and to do detailed studies on multiple ELVES. The origin of multiple elves can be studied by analyzing the time difference and the amplitude ratio between flashes and comparing them with the properties of radio signals detected by the ENTLN lightning network since 2018. A fraction of multi-ELVES can also be interpreted as halos following ELVES. Halos are disc-shaped light transients emitted at 70-80 km altitudes, appearing at the center of the ELVES rings, due to the rearrangement of electric charges at the base of the ionosphere after a strong lightning event