Tapada da Ajuda (Lisbon, Portugal) bronze age pin

A pin made of a copper-based alloy, found at Tapada da Ajuda (Lisbon, Portugal), a site dated to the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and examined by microscopy. The results of this study and the unusual manufacturing technique of the pin are presented and discussed in this paper. Typology and production technique of this object seem to indicate a Central European origininfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Correspondência de Joaquim Fontes (1892-1960): contributos para a história da arqueologia peninsular

O Prof. Doutor Joaquim Fontes foi pioneiro da arqueologia oeirense ao ter realizado as primeiras sondagens arqueológicas no povoado pré-histórico de Leceia, actualmente uma das estações mais relevantes do ocidente peninsular. Conquanto tais trabalhos tivessem alcance limitado, já pelo curto tempo da sua realização, já pela metodologia utilizada, tiveram o mérito de voltar a chamar a atenção para uma estação então há muito esquecida. Perfazendo-se, em 2005, 50 anos sobre a publicação daquelas explorações, deveria tal efeméride ser convenientemente assinalada. Tal é o propósito, agora concretizado, com a divulgação do epistolário do ilustre arqueólogo e catedrático da Universidade de Lisboa, na parte que respeita à Pré-História e Arqueologia constituindo, também, um preito de homenagem à sua memória.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Virgínia Rau : a medieval historian in the prehistory

Professor Virgínia Rau was an eminent Portuguese medieval historian, and an international renowned researcher in economic and social history, themes that she approached during her lectures at Faculdade de Letras de Lisboa (Lisbon’s Faculty of Letters) since the late forties of the 20th century until the end of her career as full professor and college’s dean. However, during the middle and late forties of the 20th century she published a few papers on Prehistory and did some field work on Early and Middle Palaeolithic. Her interest on these themes and the reasons why she maintained this interest alive until the end of the 1940 decade and then abandoned it remain unstudied until today. In this article we intend to unveil this still unknown and mysterious aspect of Professor Virgínia Rau’s brilliant career

Commented correspondence of Carlos Ribeiro and Nery Delgado : a contribution to the history of archaeology in Portugal

Apresenta-se a correspondência actualmente conservada no Arquivo Histórico do Instituto Geológico e Mineiro (IGM), com interesse para a história da Arqueologia em Portugal, a qual ainda não tinha sido objecto de estudo arquivístico e documental, de que se encarregou um dos autores (A. A. M.). O outro dos autores (J. L. C.) encarregou-se, sobretudo, da análise de cada documento, procurando-se através de breves comentários integrar as questões referidas, bem como os seus intervenientes, na respectiva época, e, dentro do possível, no âmbito das grandes questões científicas que então se discutiam. Em tal discussão, tanto Carlos Ribeiro como Nery Delgado tiveram papel dominante, correspondendo-se com os vultos, mais destacados da época: Barão de Baye; de Marsy; Barboza du Bocage; H. Howorth; H. Schliemann; Boucher de Perthes; E. Dupont; Casalis de Fondouce e Estácio da Veiga, entre outros. Avultam os documentos relativos à IX Sessão do Congresso Internacional de Antropologia e Arqueologia Pré-Históricas de 1880, realizado em Lisboa. O conjunto é valorizado pela existência de minutas de resposta a alguma da correspondência recebida pelos dois eminentes pré-historiadores portugueses. Transcrevem-se, ainda, na íntegra, dois documentos autobiográficos, redigidos por Nery Delgado e por Carlos Ribeiro, também inéditos. Com a publicação destes documentos, salienta-se o papel desempenhado na investigação arqueológica pelos membros da Segunda Comissão Geológica de Portugal (1857-1868), bem como pelos organismos que, com outros nomes, lhe sucederam, a Secção dos Trabalhos Geológicos de Portugal (1869-1886) e a Comissão dos Trabalhos Geológicos de Portugal (1886-1892), corporizando a chamada "Idade de Ouro" da Arqueologia Portuguesa.The correspondence belonging to the IGM's hi storical files and relevant to the History of Portuguese Archaeology, was studied. This correspondence was gathered for the first time as documental files by A. A. M. The other author, J. L. C., has made the analysis of each document and, using brief comments, integrated the quoted issues and their intervenients on the main scientific subjects thereonce debated. ln such issues, Carlos Ribeiro anel Nery Delgado held an important role, and kept correspondence with many societally and scientifically known men of that period, such as Baron de Baye, de Marsy, Barboza du Bocage, H. Howorth, H. Schliemann, Boucher de Perthes, E. Dupont, Casal is de Fondouce and Estácio da Veiga, amongst others. There are many documents related to the IX Session of the lnternational Congress of Antropology and Prehistorical Archaeology on 1880, held in Lisbon. Many correspondence from C. Ribeiro and Nery Delgado also presented attached documental pieces of the returned letters. We also integrally transcribe two autobiographic inedit documents from Carlos Ribeiro and Nery Delgado. We further emphasise the important work in archaeological research developed by th Second Porugueses Geological Comission (1869-1886) and by the Comission of Portuguese Geological Works (1886- 1892), both relevantly contributing to the so-called "Golden Age" of Portuguese Prehistorical Archaeolog

Etch-and-Rinse and Self-Etch Adhesives Behavior on Dentin

Hybridization is a key phenomenon in bonding resin-based composite restorations to dentin, and results from a molecular-level interaction between the resin and the demineralized collagen fibrils network. Nanoleakage occurs when small molecules or ions infiltrate into the hybrid layer. Our work aims to evaluate if the type of solvent and adhesive system influences the morphology of the hybrid layer and the occurrence of nanoleakage within it. Human molar teeth were distributed into six groups corresponding to adhesives with different solvents (ScotchbondTM 1XT, XP BondTM, Prime&Bond® NT, One Coat Bond®, AdheSE® and Xeno® V). Dentin disks (specimens) were cut from those teeth. The corresponding adhesive systems and a microhybrid composite (Synergy® D6) were applied onto them. The specimens were thermocycled, fixed, cut, polished, decalcified, dried, and, for nanoleakage evaluation, immersed into a tracer solution. The morphology and nanoleakage analyses were performed with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (field-emission scanning electron microscope—FESEM), and the results were statistically processed. AdheSE® achieved the overall best performance. The type of adhesive, the number of steps, and the solvent seem to play a significant role in hybrid layer morphology and nanoleakage within it. The hybrid layer water absorption can determine the adhesion longevity

Efeito da homeopatia Ammonium Carbonicum na minimização da lixiviação de nitrato.

Avaliou-se o efeito da solução homeopática Ammonium Carbonicum em duas dinamizações, CH3 e CH30, sobre a lixiviação de NO3 . A hipótese inicial foi a de que essas soluções homeopáticas atuariam na microbiota do solo otimizando a utilização de N pela planta. Esse estudo foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação e utilizaram-se amostras deformadas do horizonte A de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico muito argiloso, 0 0,15 m, localizado no campus da UFLA. As colunas de solo foram semeadas com milho (Zea mays L.) e tinham 0,20 x 0,20 m. A irrigação e medição do volume lixiviado foi realizada diariamente. A aplicação dos tratamentos homeopáticos foi realizada via irrigação. As análises do lixiviado foram feitas duas vezes por semana. No lixiviado,mediram-se os teores de NO3 e NH4. Após 93 dias, as colunas foram seccionadas em camadas de 0,05 m e as amostras, analisadas quanto à fertilidade, incluindo NO3 , NH4 e N total. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições,num esquema duplo-cego com placebo. O efeito da solução homeopática na minimização da lixiviação de NO3 não foi relevante nas condições deste estudo

Factorial Structure Validation of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children in School-Age Children Between 8 and 10 Years Old

The adaptation of instruments to other cultural contexts is a complex task that requires careful planning to maintain the content and psychometric properties. One of the most used motor assessment tools in the world is the Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2ed. In this study, we evaluated the factorial organization of the MABC-2 for the age group 8-10 years from the perspective of classical and modern psychometric theory. For this purpose, a group of 350 school children in the city of Manaus (AM, Brazil) was evaluated. The factorial structure of the MABC-2 and a new factorial structure with four factors were tested. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Factor analysis confirmed the original three-factor model. Based on these results, good evidences of validity were produced, based on the internal structure of the MABC-2 proposed by the original authors, confirming its ability to identify disorders in the development of coordination.Resumo A adaptação de instrumentos para outros contextos culturais é uma tarefa complexa, que exige rigor quanto à manutenção do conteúdo e das características psicométricas. Um dos instrumentos de avaliação motora mais utilizados no mundo trata-se do Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2ed. Neste estudo avaliou-se a partir da perspectiva da teoria da psicométrica clássica e moderna, a organização fatorial do MABC-2 para a faixa etária de 8 a 10 anos. Para isso foram avaliados 350 escolares da cidade de Manaus (AM, Brazil) Foram testadas a estrutura fatorial original do MABC-2 composta por três fatores e ainda uma nova estrutura fatorial do MABC-2 (4 fatores). Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva e inferencial. A análise fatorial confirmou o modelo original de três fatores. Com base nestes resultados foi possível identificar boas evidências de validade baseada na estrutura interna do MABC-2 proposto pelos autores originais confirmando a sua capacidade de identificar desordens no desenvolvimento da coordenação.La adaptación de instrumentos para otros contextos culturales es una tarea compleja que requiere rigor para mantener el contenido y las características psicométricas. Una de las herramientas de evaluación motora más utilizada en el mundo es el Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2ed. En este estudio se evaluó, desde el punto de vista de la teoría de la psicométrica clásica y moderna, la organización factor del MABC-2 para el grupo de edad de 8-10 años. Para eso, fueron evaluados 350 estudiantes de la ciudad de Manaus (AM, Brazil). La estructura factorial original del MABC-2 con tres factores y también nueva estructura factorial del MABC-2(4 factores) se pusieron a prueba. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. El análisis factorial confirmó el modelo original de tres factores. Con base en estos resultados se pudo identificar buenas evidencias de validez basada en la estructura interna del MABC-2 propuesta por los autores originales, que confirman su capacidad para identificar trastornos en el desarrollo de la coordinación

Optimization method applied to decision-making on intermodal alternative for soybean outflow in the State of Pará-Brazil

In Brazil, the sector of agribusiness suffers with the lack of infrastructure for the production outflow and as transportation costs increase, they affect its competitiveness in the world scenario. In this work, an optimization model was developed to support decision-making to soybeans transport for export, in regions in the state of Para (Brazil) near to Tocantins-Araguaia waterway. The study applied a Linear Programming model, adopting the transport problem, in search of minimizing the costs of alternative routes, restricted to the respective supply and demand limitations. The model aimed to minimize the transport costs from the production centers to the exporting port, through the current infrastructure and suggesting the road and waterway intermodal alternative by means of the interior navigation, considering diverse points for transshipment. The results showed a cost reduction for production outflow in the base year of the study when the intermodal transport was used. Furthermore, the new routes only by waterway created a new transport network configuration, decreasing the road distances for the municipalities production outflow, supporting the increasing of competitiveness of the state, as well as providing wealth generation in the region

Effect of isolates of entomopathogenic fungi in the coconut eye borer

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of entomopathogenic fungi on adults of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (5x3) + control, composed of five treatments (isolated IBCB 66, CPATC 032, CPATC 057 and T9, and the commercial product Boveril®) and three concentrations of each fungus (107, 108 and 109 conidia.mL-1). The data of confirmed mortality were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Proc ANOVA of SAS, and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. To determine percentage survival, confirmed mortality data were subjected to Log-Rank test using the Kaplan-Meyer method. Subsequently the values of LC50 and LT50 were estimated submitting mortality confirmed the Probit analysis. For the concentration 108 conidia.mL-1, the isolates CPATC 032 and CPATC 057 caused confirmed mortality of 52 and 44% of the adults of R. palmarum, respectively. At the concentration 109 conidia.mL-1, the isolates CPATC 032 and CPATC 057 caused mortality of 64 and 52% of the insects, respectively. For the CPATC 032 isolate, in the three concentrations tested, the insects had an average survival of 11 to 12 days. The TL50 of isolate CPATC 032 at concentrations 108 and 109 conidia.mL-1 was approximately 17 days. All isolates tested and the Boveril® product are pathogenic to R. palmarum.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of entomopathogenic fungi on adults of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (5x3) + control, composed of five treatments (isolated IBCB 66, CPATC 032, CPATC 057 and T9, and the commercial product Boveril®) and three concentrations of each fungus (107, 108 and 109 conidia.mL-1). The data of confirmed mortality were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Proc ANOVA of SAS, and the means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. To determine percentage survival, confirmed mortality data were subjected to Log-Rank test using the Kaplan-Meyer method. Subsequently the values of LC50 and LT50 were estimated submitting mortality confirmed the Probit analysis. For the concentration 108 conidia.mL-1, the isolates CPATC 032 and CPATC 057 caused confirmed mortality of 52 and 44% of the adults of R. palmarum, respectively. At the concentration 109 conidia.mL-1, the isolates CPATC 032 and CPATC 057 caused mortality of 64 and 52% of the insects, respectively. For the CPATC 032 isolate, in the three concentrations tested, the insects had an average survival of 11 to 12 days. The TL50 of isolate CPATC 032 at concentrations 108 and 109 conidia.mL-1 was approximately 17 days. All isolates tested and the Boveril® product are pathogenic to R. palmarum

Seguimento de crianças com diagnóstico de surdez em programa de triagem auditiva neonatal em Manaus

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the follow-up of children diagnosed with deafness in neonatal hearing screening and risk factors for hearing loss. METHODS: Quantitative, cross-sectional, and retrospective study to evaluate factors associated with hearing loss and the follow-up of cases of children diagnosed with audiological dysfunction, by analyzing electronic medical records of 5,305 children referred to a Specialized Center in Type I Rehabilitation, from January/2016 to February/2020, in the city of Manaus, Amazonas. The statistical study used Pearson’s chi-square test and binary logistic regression in which odds ratio scans were obtained with reliability intervals of 95%. RESULTS: Of the 5,305 children referred for the otoacoustic emission retest, 366 (6.9%) failed the retest. Children diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss continued in the study, totaling 265 (72.4%). Only 58 (21.9%) children continued in the study to its end, of these 39 had received hearing aids at that point; and 16 (41%) had surgical indication for cochlear implants, of which only 3 (18.7%) had undergone surgery. Among the risk factors for hearing loss, we found 2.6 times more chance of failure in the otoacoustic emissions retest in those children who had a family history of hearing loss and ICU stay. CONCLUSION: Although the screening flow reaches a large part of live births, the dropout rates during the process are high, therefore, the socioeconomic and geographic characteristics of regions such as the Amazon should be considered as relevant factors to the evasion of rehabilitation programs of these children. Hospitalization in the neonatal ICU and family history of hearing loss in the investigations could be identified as the main and most important factors for alteration of the otoacoustic emissions retests.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o seguimento das crianças com diagnóstico de surdez na triagem auditiva neonatal e fatores de risco para deficiência auditiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, transversal e retrospectivo para avaliação de fatores associados à perda auditiva e o seguimento dos casos de crianças diagnosticadas com disfunção audiológica, por meio da análise de prontuários eletrônicos de 5.305 crianças encaminhadas a um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação Tipo I, no período de janeiro/2016 a fevereiro/2020, na cidade de Manaus, Amazonas. O estudo estatístico utilizou o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e por regressão logística binária nos quais foram obtidos odds ratio com intervalos de confiabilidade de 95%. RESULTADOS: Das 5.305 crianças encaminhadas para realização do reteste da orelhinha, 366 (6,9%) falharam no reteste. Prosseguiram no estudo as crianças com diagnóstico de perda auditiva neurossensorial, totalizando 265 (72,4%). Permanecendo, no final da pesquisa, apenas 58 (21,9%) crianças, destas 39 receberam aparelho auditivo até o presente estudo; e 16 (41%) já tinham indicação cirúrgica para implante coclear, sendo que apenas três (18,7%) haviam realizado a cirurgia. Dentre os fatores de risco para deficiência auditiva encontramos 2,6 vezes mais chance de falha no reteste da orelhinha naquelas crianças que tinham história familiar de perda auditiva e internação em UTI. CONCLUSÕES: Embora o fluxo de triagem alcance boa parte dos nascidos vivos, as taxas de evasão durante o processo são altas, portanto, as características socioeconômicas e geográficas de regiões como a Amazônia devem ser consideradas como fatores relevantes à evasão dos programas de reabilitação dessas crianças. Foi possível identificar que a internação em UTI neonatal e o histórico familiar de perda auditiva presentes nas investigações compõem os principais e mais importantes fatores para alteração dos retestes da orelhinha