Carcinoma Mixed within Milk of Calcium in a Breast: a Case Report

Milk of calcium located in the breast is typically a benign entity. However, carcinoma may incidentally arise adjacent to or even within milk of calcium. Consequently, the characteristics of all observed calcific particles should be carefully analyzed. In this study, we report a case of carcinoma presented as malignant microcalcifications mixed within milk of calcium in a breast

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT SALINITY LEVELS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ROCK BREAM Oplegnathus fasciatus

Rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus is one of economically important marine fish species in East Asia. However, lack of information about the salinity tolerance of rock bream related to its physiological response made this issue were needed to be studied. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of different salinity levels on physiological and hematological response of rock bream in order to obtain its salinity tolerance. Twelve rock breams (total length: 26.9 ± 0.6 cm, body weight: 477.3 ± 61.9 g) were used for experiments. Four experimental groups with three replications were conducted to measure the effects of salinity (5, 15, 25, and 35 practical salinity unit (psu)) on physiological and hematological response of rock bream. Fish were stocked into the chamber inside the closed recirculation system. At the end of each experiment, blood samples were collected. The study revealed that lower salinity exposure had tendency to decrease the physical and chemical properties of blood in rock bream. The value of Na+, Cl-, Ca, Mg, and osmolality showed tendency to decrease with lowering salinity, while cortisol and glucose showed tendency to increase from 35 psu to low salinity environment, indicating the enhancement of fish stress and resulted in fish mortality at 5 psu. The lowest cortisol value was 76.3 ng/mL in 25 psu, and the highest value was 188.8 ng/mL in 5 psu. Meanwhile, the lowest glucose value was 35.3 mg/dL and the highest value was 166.7 mg/dL (P<0.05). Results indicate that rock bream could tolerate lower salinity up to 15 psu

CHARACTERIZATION OF THERMOMECHANICAL PULP MADE FROM PINE TREES INFECTED WITH NEMATODES

Pine wilt is a lethal disease caused by the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. It causes tree death by blocking water and nutrient uptake in pine trees. Pine trees infected by these nematodes are used as fertilizer or fuel for thermal power plants, but their utilization is still only about 37%. To increase the utilization of the infected trees, this study investigated whether the shredded wood chips prepared from them could be used as raw materials for manufacturing thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP). TMP and CTMP prepared from the infected pine chips showed fewer pitch contents and better strength properties than those made from domestic pine. In conclusion, if the nematode-infected pine was used as raw materials for manufacturing TMP and CTMP, it is expected that it would contribute to the diversification of raw materials along with a high-temperature insecticidal effect. Keywords: Pine wilt, nematode disease, thermomechanical pulp, chemithermomechanical pulp, pulp strength, insecticidal effect &nbsp

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF TMP PITCH CONTROL AGENTS WITH DIFFERENT MECHANISMS

The pitch contained in thermomechanical pulp negatively affects paper quality, pulp, and the papermaking process. Serious pitch and stickies problems may occur in paper recycling processes. In this study, the effects of chemicals used to control the pitch in the TMP(Themomechanical Pulp) rocess were compared. The method used to analyze the pitch-control effect was to perform image analysis after using a reagent that selectively stains only the hydrophobic pitch. Three different mechanisms, namely fixation, detackification, and dispersion, were applied to solve the pitch problem from TMP. All the control agents were effective in pitch control, and, in particular, the agents related to fixation and dispersion were found to be more effective in reducing the number and area of tacky particles per unit area in sheets and white water. However, for the detackifiers and the dispersants, but not for the fixatives, it was difficult to clearly distinguish the difference of the pitch control effects according to the change in the amount of these agents through image analysis after staining

Biotechnological Production of Lactic Acid and Its Recent Applications

Mliječna se kiselina upotrebljava u prehrambenoj, kozmetičkoj, farmaceutskoj i kemijskoj industriji te sve više i kao monomer za proizvodnju biorazgradljive (poli)mliječne kiseline. Mliječna se kiselina može proizvesti biotehnološkim procesom ili kemijskom sintezom. U novije se vrijeme sve više koristi biotehnološki postupak zbog zaštite okoliša i ograničene količine petrokemijskih izvora. Na različite načine pokušala se proizvesti mliječna kiselina iz jeftinih sirovina. U ovom su radu prikazani mikroorganizmi i sirovine za proizvodnju mliječne kiseline, njezina biotehnološka proizvodnja te načini primjene, a osobito najnovija istraživanja. Također se raspravlja o mogućnosti i ekonomskoj važnosti primjene mliječne kiseline u budućnosti.Lactic acid is widely used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries and has received increased attention for use as a monomer for the production of biodegradable poly(lactic acid). It can be produced by either biotechnological fermentation or chemical synthesis, but the former route has received considerable interest recently, due to environmental concerns and the limited nature of petrochemical feedstocks. There have been various attempts to produce lactic acid efficiently from inexpensive raw materials. We present a review of lactic acid-producing microorganisms, raw materials for lactic acid production, fermentation approaches for lactic acid production, and various applications of lactic acid, with a particular focus on recent investigations. In addition, the future potentials and economic impacts of lactic acid are discussed

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 regulates rhythmic synthesis of mouse Nfil3 protein via IRES-mediated translation.

Nuclear factor, interleukin 3, regulated (Nfil3, also known as E4 Promoter-Binding Protein 4 (E4BP4)) protein is a transcription factor that binds to DNA and generally represses target gene expression. In the circadian clock system, Nfil3 binds to a D-box element residing in the promoter of clock genes and contributes to their robust oscillation. Here, we show that the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of Nfil3 mRNA contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and that IRES-mediated translation occurs in a phase-dependent manner. We demonstrate that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1) binds to a specific region of Nfil3 mRNA and regulates IRES-mediated translation. Knockdown of hnRNP A1 almost completely abolishes protein oscillation without affecting mRNA oscillation. Moreover, we observe that intracellular calcium levels, which are closely related to bone formation, depend on Nfil3 levels in osteoblast cell lines. We suggest that the 5'-UTR mediated cap-independent translation of Nfil3 mRNA contributes to the rhythmic expression of Nfil3 by interacting with the RNA binding protein hnRNP A1. These data provide new evidence that the posttranscriptional regulation of clock gene expression is important during bone metabolism.1131Ysciescopu

Levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone overdose presenting as altered mental status, xanthoderma, and yellowish sclera

Levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone is a single combination drug consisting of levodopa (aromatic amino acid), carbidopa (dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor), and entacapone (catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor). The Food and Drug Administration approved levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone in 2003, as treatment for idiopathic Parkinson’s disease in patients experiencing signs and symptoms of wearing-off. Although various adverse drug reactions of levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone have been recorded, there has been no reported case of levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone overdose. We report the first case of signs and symptoms of an overdose of levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone (levodopa: 3000 mg; carbidopa: 750 mg; entacapone: 6000 mg) in a suicide attempt, presenting as altered mentality, xanthoderma, and yellowish sclera without hyperbilirubinemia

A Korean Female Patient with Thiamine-responsive Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Due to a Novel Point Mutation (Y161C)in the PDHA1 Gene

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is mostly due to mutations in the X-linked E1α subunit gene (PDHA1). Some of the patients with PDHC deficiency showed clinical improvements with thiamine treatment. We report the results of biochemical and molecular analysis in a female patient with lactic acidemia. The PDHC activity was assayed at different concentrations of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). The PDHC activity showed null activity at low TPP concentration (1×10-3 mM), but significantly increased at a high TPP concentration (1 mM). Sequencing analysis of PDHA1 gene of the patient revealed a substitution of cysteine for tyrosine at position 161 (Y161C). Thiamine treatment resulted in reduction of the patient's serum lactate concentration and dramatic clinical improvement. Biochemical, molecular, and clinical data suggest that this patient has a thiamine-responsive PDHC deficiency due to a novel mutation, Y161C. Therefore, to detect the thiamine responsiveness it is necessary to measure activities of PDHC not only at high but also at low concentration of TPP