23,936 research outputs found
On line, Real-Time Densimeter-Theory and Optimization
The speed of a torsional stress wave transmitted in a solid waveguide, that has a non-circular cross-section and is submerged in a liquid, is inversely proportional to the density of the liquid. Thus, by measuring the speed of the torsional stress wave, one can obtain information about the liquid\u27s density or density-related characteristics such as liquid level and the mass composition of bi-phase mixtures. A predictive theory is developed to correlate the speed of the wave with the liquid\u27s density and the shape of the waveguide\u27s cross-section. The theory is used to optimize the waveguide\u27s geometry so as to increase the sensor\u27s sensitivity. The theoretical results are compared and found to favorably agree with experimental observations
Instrument for Simultaneous Measurement of Density and Viscosity
The speed of torsional stress waves transmitted in solid waveguides submerged in a liquid depends, among other things, on the liquid\u27s density and viscosity and the waveguides\u27 cross-sectional geometry. By measuring the speed of torsional stress waves in two waveguides of different cross-sectional geometries, one can obtain both the liquid\u27s density and viscosity. An online, real-time sensor for the simultaneous measurement of density and viscosity is described. The article details the sensor\u27s principles of operation and reports experimental results conducted using viscosity standard calibration liquids with wen-known thermophysical properties. For fluids with density ρf \u3e 1 X 103 kg/m3 , it is estimated that the instrument can measure density with a precision better than 0.5%. For fluids with the product shear viscosity (µ) and density, ρfµ\u3e 100 kg2/(m4s), it can measure the shear viscosity with a precision better than 1%
Probing Pair-Correlated Fermionic Atoms through Correlations in Atom Shot Noise
Pair-correlated fermionic atoms are created through dissociation of weakly
bound molecules near a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance. We show that
correlations between atoms in different spin states can be detected using the
atom shot noise in absorption images. Furthermore, using time-of-Flight imaging
we have observed atom pair correlations in momentum space
Transient quantum transport in double-dot Aharonov-Bohm interferometers
Real-time nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of electrons in double-dot
Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometers is studied using an exact solution of the
master equation. The building of the coherence between the two electronic paths
shows up via the time-dependent amplitude of the AB oscillations in the
transient transport current, and can be enhanced by varying the applied bias on
the leads, the on-site energy difference between the dots and the asymmetry of
the coupling of the dots to the leads. The transient oscillations of the
transport current do not obey phase rigidity. The circulating current has an
anti-symmetric AB oscillation in the flux. The non-degeneracy of the on-site
energies and the finite bias cause the occupation in each dot to have an
arbitrary flux dependence as the coupling asymmetry is varied.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
The Effect of an Adjacent Viscous Fluid on the Transmission of Torsional Stress Waves in a Submerged Waveguide
The effects of an adjacent fluid\u27s viscosity and density on the characteristics of torsional stress waves transmitted in a waveguide with a circular cross section are studied theoretically and experimentally. Expressions for the torsional waves speed, dispersion relations, and attenuation are obtained as functions of the adjacent fluid\u27s viscosity and density. The theoretical results are compared with experimental observations. It is demonstrated that a devices similar to the one described herein can be used as a rugged, real-time, on-lines sensor for measuring the viscosity of a fluid with a known density. Such a sensor can measure the viscosity of fluids with a density viscosity product (ρfμ) greater than 100kg2/m4s to a precision of 1% or bette
First-principles modelling of magnetic excitations in Mn12
We have developed a fully microscopic theory of magnetic properties of the
prototype molecular magnet Mn12. First, the intra-molecular magnetic properties
have been studied by means of first-principles density functional-based
methods, with local correlation effects being taken into account within the
local density approximation plus U (LDA+U) approach. Using the magnetic force
theorem, we have calculated the interatomic isotropic and anisotropic exchange
interactions and full tensors of single-ion anisotropy for each Mn ion.
Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction parameters turned out to be unusually
large, reflecting a low symmetry of magnetic pairs in molecules, in comparison
with bulk crystals. Based on these results we predict a distortion of
ferrimagnetic ordering due to DM interactions. Further, we use an exact
diagonalization approach allowing to work with as large Hilbert space dimension
as 10^8 without any particular symmetry (the case of the constructed magnetic
model). Based on the computational results for the excitation spectrum, we
propose a distinct interpretation of the experimental inelastic neutron
scattering spectra.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Physical Review
Polarization and decoherence in a two-component Bose-Einstein Condensate
We theoretically investigate polarization properties of a two-component
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and influence of decoherence induced by
environment on BEC polarization through introducing four BEC Stokes operators
which are quantum analog of the classical Stokes parameters for a light field.
BEC polarization states can be geometrically described by a Poincar\'{e} sphere
defined by expectation values of BEC Stokes operators. Without decoherence, it
is shown that nonlinear inter-atomic interactions in the BEC induce periodic
polarization oscillations whose periods depend on the difference between
self-interaction in each component and inter-component interaction strengths.
In particular, when inter-atomic nonlinear self-interaction in each BEC
component equals inter-component nonlinear interaction, Stokes vector
associated with Stokes operators precesses around a fixed axis in the dynamic
evolution of the BEC. The value of the processing frequency is determined by
the strength of the linear coupling between two components of the BEC. When
decoherence is involved, we find each component of the Stokes vector decays
which implies that decoherence depolarizes the BEC.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure
Magnetic structure of superconducting Eu(Fe0.82Co0.18)2As2 as revealed by single-crystal neutron diffraction
The magnetic structure of superconducting Eu(Fe0.82Co0.18)2As2 is
unambiguously determined by single-crystal neutron diffraction. A long-range
ferromagnetic order of the Eu2+ moments along the c-direction is revealed below
the magnetic phase transition temperature Tc = 17 K. In addition, the
antiferromagnetism of the Fe2+ moments still survives and the
tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural phase transition is also observed,
although the transition temperatures of the Fe-spin density wave (SDW) order
and the structural phase transition are significantly suppressed to Tn = 70 K
and Ts = 90 K, respectively, compared to the parent compound EuFe2As2.We
present the microscopic evidences for the coexistence of the Eu-ferromagnetism
(FM) and the Fe-SDW in the superconducting crystal. The superconductivity (SC)
competes with the Fe-SDW in Eu(Fe0.82Co0.18)2As2.Moreover, the comparison
between Eu(Fe1-xCox)2As2 and Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 indicates a considerable
influence of the rare-earth element Eu on the magnetism of the Fe sublattice.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Structural Order Parameter in the Pyrochlore Superconductor Cd2Re2O7
It is shown that both structural phase transitions in Cd2Re2O7, which occur
at T_{s1}=200 K and T_{s2}=120 K, are due to an instability of the Re
tetrahedral network with respect to the same doubly degenerate long-wavelength
phonon mode. The primary structural order parameter transforms according to the
irreducible representation E_u of the point group O_h. We argue that the
transition at T_{s1} may be of second order, in accordance with experimental
data. We obtain the phase diagram in the space of phenomenological parameters
and propose a thermodynamic path that Cd2Re2O7 follows upon cooling. Couplings
of the itinerant electronic system and localized spin states in pyrochlores and
spinels to atomic displacements are discussed.Comment: 5 pages. Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Best quality figures are
available at http://www.physics.mun.ca/~isergien/pubs.htm
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