Seasonal Fluctuations and Dynamic Equilibrium Models of Exchange Rate

Most dynamic equilibrium models of exchange rate are not able to generate monthly time series with the typical properties of actual exchange rate. If the exogenous endowments in an equilibrium exchange rate model contain seasonal variations, then the exchange rate will as well. In this paper, we show how in this framework, seasonal preferences can help to remove seasonality of the exchange rate simulated time series.Exchange rate, Equilibrium model, Seasonality.

Process to Remove Cholesterol from Dairy Products

The present invention relates to a process for the removal of cholesterol from a processed or unprocessed dairy product, which process comprises: (a) obtaining a processed or unprocessed dairy product containing cholesterol (b) contacting the dairy product at a temperature of between about 35° and 80° C. with an amount of saponin effective to bind up to about 90% of the cholesterol present in the dairy product; (c) contacting a temperature of between about 35° and 80° C the cholesterol: saponin with an effective amount of diatomaceous earth; (d) separating the insoluble cholesterol: saponin/diatomaceous earth by filtration or centrifugation; and (e) recovering the dairy product having a reduced content of cholesterol. The process particularly useful wherein the dairy product is selected from raw milk, pasteurized milk, raw cream, pasteurized cream, butteroil or anhydrous fat. The dairy product having a lowered cholesterol level is useful as a food to restrict cholesterol intake in a human being

Low-Fat Dairy Coffee Whitener

A coffee whitener composition made from decreamed milk ultrafiltration retentate having its protein concentrated between about 2:1 to about 4:1 compared to the protein content of the starting milk and a minor whitening power enhancing amount is added in the form of riboflavin (a vitamin) and beta carotene (a vitamin pre-cursor) or a mixture thereof. The composition is usually in powdered form and is high in protein, low in fat and sodium and reduced in lactose and its high protein enhanced as described provided a low-fat dairy coffee whitening function approximately equal to non-diary coffee creamers

Sensory Evaluation of A Novel Ingredient Produced from Buttermilk

Abstract of paper presented at the 2006 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science

La inconstitucionalidad del desacato y el derecho a la libertad de expresión

Sumario: I.¿Qué es el delito de desacato? 1. La definición del delito de desacato. 2. El delito de desacato en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. 3. El delito de desacato en el Código Penal ecuatoriano. 4. Características del delito de desacato. 5. Conclusión. II. ¿Cuál es la relación entre libertad de expresión y sociedad democrática? 1. La libertad de expresión y la democracia en la Constitución. 2. La libertad de expresión y su función instrumental para el ejercicio de los derechos a la autonomía individual y a la deliberación colectiva. 3. La libertad de expresión: el ideal de ciudadano deliberante y las instituciones necesarias para realizarlo. 4. Conclusiones. III. ¿Son compatibles las leyes de desacato con la libertad de expresión en una sociedad democrática? 1. La solución de antinomias y el principio de proporcionalidad. 2. Conclusión. IV. Bibliografía

Obatoclax and Paclitaxel Synergistically Induce Apoptosis and Overcome Paclitaxel Resistance in Urothelial Cancer Cells

Paclitaxel is a treatment option for advanced or metastatic bladder cancer after the failure of first-line cisplatin and gemcitabine, although resistance limits its clinical benefits. Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic protein that promotes resistance to paclitaxel in different tumors. Obatoclax, a BH3 mimetic of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, antagonizes Mcl-1 and hence may reverse paclitaxel resistance in Mcl-1-overexpressing tumors. In this study, paclitaxel-sensitive 5637 and -resistant HT1197 bladder cancer cells were treated with paclitaxel, obatoclax, or combinations of both. Apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy were measured by Western blot, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, Mcl-1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in bladder carcinoma tissues. Our results confirmed that paclitaxel alone induced Mcl-1 downregulation and apoptosis in 5637, but not in HT1197 cells; however, combinations of obatoclax and paclitaxel sensitized HT1197 cells to the treatment. In obatoclax-treated 5637 and obatoclax + paclitaxel-treated HT1197 cells, the blockade of the autophagic flux correlated with apoptosis and was associated with caspase-dependent cleavage of beclin-1. Obatoclax alone delayed the cell cycle in 5637, but not in HT1197 cells, whereas combinations of both retarded the cell cycle and reduced mitotic slippage. In conclusion, obatoclax sensitizes HT1197 cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis through the blockade of the autophagic flux and effects on the cell cycle. Furthermore, Mcl-1 is overexpressed in many invasive bladder carcinomas, and it is related to tumor progression, so Mcl-1 expression may be of predictive value in bladder cancer.España, Sistema Público Andaluz Biobanco y ISCIII-Red de Biobancos PT17/0015/004

Estimating the geographical distribution of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in young Mexicans

The geographical distribution of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in young Mexicans (aged 17-24 years) was estimated stepwise starting from its prevalence based on the body mass index (BMI) in a study of 3,176 undergraduate students of this age group from Mexico City. To estimate the number of people with MetS by state, we multiplied its prevalence derived from the BMI range found in the Mexico City sample by the BMI proportions (range and state) obtained from the Mexico 2006 national survey on health and nutrition. Finally, to estimate the total number of young people with MetS in Mexico, its prevalence by state was multiplied by the share of young population in each state according to the National Population and Housing Census 2010. Based on these figures, we estimated the national prevalence of MetS at 15.8%, the average BMI at 24.1 (standard deviation = 4.2), and the prevalence of overweight people (BMI ≥25) of that age group at 39.0%. These results imply that 2,588,414 young Mexicans suffered from MetS in 2010. The Yucatan peninsula in the south and the Sonora state in the north showed the highest rates of MetS prevalence. The calculation of the MetS prevalence by BMI range in a sample of the population, and extrapolating it using the BMI proportions by range of the total population, was found to be a useful approach. We conclude that the BMI is a valuable public health tool to estimate MetS prevalence in the whole country, including its geographical distribution

Full wave modelling of hts dual mode patch filters and staggered coupled-line filters

In order to obtain high-power handling, dual-mode patch HTS filters have been analyzed through Green's function and desegmentation techniques. A precise circuit model has been obtained and applied to the filter design process, and useful design curves relating filter parameters and physical dimensions of the square patch have been plotted. Several designs have been made using them and then optimized with the Method of Moments in the Spectral Domain. For higher order circuits, staggered coupled-line HTS filters have been considered. The designs have been made using the method of moments to compute the coupling capacitances, and then optimized with the Method of Moments in the Spectral Domain. One dual-mode patch filter and one staggered coupled-line filter have been fabricated on a YBCO film. Measurements agree well with simulationsPeer Reviewe

Pruebas de regeneración artificial de Pinus pseudotrobus en localidades degradadas por incendios

El presente trabajo se realizó en dos sitios de la Sierra Madre Oriental, de 2000 a 2003. Se seleccionaron dos áreas incendiadas, una en cada localidad, se consiguió una especie disponible: Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. Se instaló un experimento de restauración ecológica con esta especie. Se contó con cuatro tratamientos, con aproximadamente 770 cepas por tratamiento divididas en tres repeticiones. A un año de la plantación en la localidad Laguna de Sánchez se encontró que los tratamientos con plántulas entre sí no presentan diferencias en función del establecimiento, y que por su parte éstos sí presentan diferencias significativas con el tratamiento de semillas. La localidad Mesa Las Tablas presentó, a un año de la plantación, una mortalidad de 99%. Se muestra una hipótesis que pretende explicar este resultado. En la localidad de Laguna de Sánchez el establecimiento a un año fue de 25%