Voting in small networks with cross-pressure

We present a model of participation in elections in small networks, in which citizens su¤er from cross-pressures if voting against the alternative preferred by some of their social contacts. We analyze how the existence of cross-pressures may shape voting decisions, and so, political outcomes; and how candidates may exploit this e¤ect to their interest.Network; Voting; Cross-Cutting.

Bounded Confidence under Preferential Flip: A Coupled Dynamics of Structural Balance and Opinions

In this work we study the coupled dynamics of social balance and opinion formation. We propose a model where agents form opinions under bounded confidence, but only considering the opinions of their friends. The signs of social ties -friendships and enmities- evolve seeking for social balance, taking into account how similar agents' opinions are. We consider both the case where opinions have one and two dimensions. We find that our dynamics produces the segregation of agents into two cliques, with the opinions of agents in one clique differing from those in the other. Depending on the level of bounded confidence, the dynamics can produce either consensus of opinions within each clique or the coexistence of several opinion clusters in a clique. For the uni-dimensional case, the opinions in one clique are all below the opinions in the other clique, hence defining a "left clique" and a "right clique". In the two-dimensional case, our numerical results suggest that the two cliques are separated by a hyperplane in the opinion space. We also show that the phenomenon of unidimensional opinions identified by DeMarzo, Vayanos and Zwiebel (Q J Econ 2003) extends partially to our dynamics. Finally, in the context of politics, we comment about the possible relation of our results to the fragmentation of an ideology and the emergence of new political parties.Comment: 8 figures, PLoS ONE 11(10): e0164323, 201

Ediacaran Obduction of a Fore-Arc Ophiolite in SW Iberia: A Turning Point in the Evolving Geodynamic Setting of Peri- Gondwana

The Calzadilla Ophiolite is an ensemble of mafic and ultramafic rocks that represents the transition between lower crust and upper mantle of a Cadomian (peri-Gondwanan) fore arc. Mapping and structural analysis of the ophiolite demonstrates that it was obducted in latest Ediacaran times, because the Ediacaran-Early Cambrian sedimentary series (Malcocinado Formation) discordantly covers it. The ophiolite and emplacement-related structures are affected by Variscan deformation (Devonian-Carboniferous), which includes SW verging overturned folds (D1) and thrusts (D2), upright folds (D3), extensional faults (D4), and later faults (D5). These phases of deformation are explained in the context of Variscan tectonics as the result of the progressive collision between Gondwana and Laurussia. Qualitative unstraining of Variscan deformation reveals the primary geometry of Ediacaran-Cambrian structures and uncovers the generation of east verging thrusts as responsible for the primary obduction of the Calzadilla Ophiolite. Restoration of planar and linear structures associated with this event indicates an Ediacaran, east directed obduction of the ophiolite, that is, emplacement of the Cadomian fore arc onto inner sections of the northern margin of Gondwana. According to regional data, the obduction separates two extension-dominated stages in the tectonic evolution of the African margin of northern Gondwana preserved in southern Europe. Preobduction extension brought about the onset and widening of fore-arc and back-arc basins in the external part of the continent, while postobduction extension facilitated the formation of extensional migmatitic domes, an oceanward migration of back-arc spreading centers across peri-Gondwana, and the eventual opening of a major basin such as the Rheic Ocean

The Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris/Cicer arietinum pathosystem: a case study of the evolution of plantpathogenic fungi into races and pathotypes

The use of resistant cultivars is one of the most practical and costefficient strategies for managing plant diseases. However, the efficiency of resistant cultivars in disease management is limited by pathogenic variability in pathogen populations. Knowledge of the evolutionary history and potential of the pathogen population may help to optimize the management of disease-resistance genes, irrespective of the breeding strategy used for their development. In this review, we examine the diversity in virulence phenotypes of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of chickpeas, analyze the genetic variability existing within and among those phenotypes, and infer a phylogenetic relationship among the eight known pathogenic races of this fungus. The inferred intraspecific phylogeny shows that each of those races forms a monophyletic lineage. Moreover, virulence of races to resistant chickpea cultivars has been acquired in a simple stepwise pattern, with few parallel gains or losses. Although chickpea cultivars resistant to Fusarium wilt are available, they have not yet been extensively deployed, so that the stepwise acquisition of virulence is still clearly evident. [Int Microbiol 2004; 7(2):95–104

Propiedades acústicas de los paneles de carrizo

Reed is a plant species very similar to common cane which is widespread all over the Earth. It is an ecological and sustainable material which is low-cost, aesthetically attractive, easy to obtain and install, and can be used in different construction systems.
 
 This work analyses the acoustic properties of reed panels from the point of view of sound absorption and sound insulation against airborne noise, according to the corresponding EN ISO standards. The experimental results obtained point to the conclusion that reed panels are suitable construction systems for controlling reverberant sound within a space, and that the sound reduction index values for different thicknesses of reed panels, or reed panels used in combination with wood particle boards, demonstrate the possibility of using them in construction as an element on the facades and roofs of buildings and for interior partitions.<br><br>El carrizo es una especie vegetal, parecida a la caña común, que se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en la superficie terrestre. Es un material ecológico y sostenible de bajo coste, estéticamente aceptable, fácil de obtener y colocar, que permite generar diferentes sistemas constructivos.
 
 En este trabajo se analizan las propiedades acústicas de los paneles de carrizo en lo referente a la absorción acústica y al aislamiento acústico a ruido aéreo, para ello se han aplicado los procedimientos de las normas EN ISO correspondientes. De los resultados experimentales obtenidos se concluye que los paneles de carrizo son unos sistemas constructivos adecuados para el control del sonido reverberante en un recinto y que los valores del índice de reducción acústica de paneles de diferentes espesores o en combinación con tableros de partículas de madera muestran la posibilidad de utilizarlos en la edificación como elemento de fachada, en cubiertas de edificios y particiones interiores

La Red de Ciencia y Tecnología para la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural como plataforma de colaboración

13 páginas, 15 referencias.-- Jornada celebrada los días 24-25 de mayo de 2012, en el contexto de la VIII Bienal de la Restauración y Gestión del Patrimonio AR&PA 2012, en Valladolid.-- Las Jornadas Técnicas Arespa-Investigación y Empresa, han sido promovidas por la Delegación del CSIC en Castilla y León, la Red de Ciencia y Tecnología para la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural (TechoHeritage) y la Asociación Española de Empresas de Restauración del Patrimonio Histórico (Arespa).El carácter multidisciplinar de la investigación en conservación del patrimonio cultural hace especialmente adecuado y necesario el establecimiento de redes que pongan en contacto y permitan la colaboración de los distintos actores implicados: universidades, centros de investigación, instituciones culturales y empresas. Con este fin, se creó en 2011 la Red TechnoHeritage (Red de Ciencia y Tecnología para la Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural), con la financiación del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. TechnoHeritage aglutina en la actualidad a 80 grupos de los ámbitos citados. En la presente publicación se presentan los orígenes de la Red, las motivaciones para su puesta en marcha, los objetivos que se pretenden alcanzar y algunas de las actividades que se han llevado a cabo.Al Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad por la financiación de la Red dentro del Programa de Acciones Complementarias del Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2008-2011 (HAR2010-11432-E).Peer reviewe

Social Ontology Documentation for Knowledge Externalization

Knowledge externalization and organization is a major challenge that companies must face. Also, they have to ask whether is possible to enhance its management. Mechanical processing of information represents a chance to carry out these tasks, as well as to turn intangible knowledge assets into real assets. Machine-readable knowledge provides a basis to enhance knowledge management. A promising approach is the empowering of Knowledge Externalization by the community (users, employees). In this paper, a social semantic tool (called OntoxicWiki) for enhancing the quality of knowledge is presented.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2009-0949

Corrección de consolidación viciosa diafisaria de fémur: osteotomía en caparazón. A propósito de dos casos.

La adecuada alineación del miembro inferior es esencial para el adecuado reparto de cargas que permita una deambulación sin alteraciones. Por lo que a la hora del tratamiento de fracturas de huesos largos del miembro inferior, fundamentalmente fémur y tibia, habrá que evitar cualquier deformidad angular que a medio plazo provoque fenómenos degenerativos en las articulaciones adyacentes. Se presentan dos casos clínicos complejos, en los que se corrigieron sendas consolidaciones viciosas de fracturas diafisarias de fémur satisfactoriamente, mediante osteotomía tipo caparazón o clamshellThe lower limb alignment is essential to share correctly the bearing weight of the body to allow a suitable gait. We should take it into account when treating femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures, in order to avoid angular deformities which could lead to degenerative changes in adjacent joints. We report two complex cases, with femoral shaft malunions corrected satisfactorily by using a clamshell osteotom

Reliquias de la Iglesia de León

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201