Maltrato infantil: una revisión sistemática de programas de intervención con perspectiva de apego.

Examinar críticamente estudios validados empíricamente sobre programas de prevención e intervención del maltrato infantil, con perspectiva de apego, dirigidos a madres que se hayan publicado en habla inglesa entre 2014 y 2018.Teniendo en cuenta las cifras en aumento que se reportan cada año sobre casos de maltrato infantil y el hecho de que este fenómeno sea considerado como un problema de salud pública (OMS, 2009); se realiza una búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas que den cuenta de la forma cómo se ha intervenido el maltrato infantil y se encuentran revisiones sistemáticas orientadas a describir los componente de los programas de crianza basados en la evidencia (Temcheff, Letarte, Boutin & Macil, 2018) y a la revisión de literatura encontrada en el periodo 2008-2014 (Pisani-Altafim & Martins-Linhares, 2016), lo que sugiere que no hay investigación reciente sobre el tema, por tanto, se realiza la revisión sistemática de 23 estudios orientados a la intervención del maltrato infantil desde 2014 a 2018 que tengan una perspectiva de apego y hayan sido dirigidos a madres o la diada madre-hijo. Se encuentran resultados relacionados con la salud mental materna, la condición de riesgo, el desarrollo infantil, el abordaje teórico, las tendencias metodológicas y los niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación según el Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network – SING – propuesto por Primo (2003).Taking into account the increasing figures that are reported each year on cases of child abuse and the fact that this phenomenon is considered a public health problem (WHO, 2009); a search is made of systematic reviews that account for the way in which child maltreatment has been intervened and there are systematic reviews aimed at describing the components of evidence-based parenting programs (Temcheff, Letarte, Boutin & Macil, 2018) and the review of literature found in the period 2008-2014 (Pisani-Altafim & Martins-Linhares, 2016), which suggests that there is no recent research on the subject, therefore, the systematic review of 23 studies oriented to the intervention of child abuse from 2014 to 2018 that have an attachment perspective and have been directed to mothers or the mother-child dyad. Results are found related to maternal mental health, risk status, child development, theoretical approach, methodological trends and levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network - SING - proposed by Primo (2003)

Maltrato infantil: una revisión sistemática de programas de intervención con perspectiva de apego.

Examinar críticamente estudios validados empíricamente sobre programas de prevención e intervención del maltrato infantil, con perspectiva de apego, dirigidos a madres que se hayan publicado en habla inglesa entre 2014 y 2018.Teniendo en cuenta las cifras en aumento que se reportan cada año sobre casos de maltrato infantil y el hecho de que este fenómeno sea considerado como un problema de salud pública (OMS, 2009); se realiza una búsqueda de revisiones sistemáticas que den cuenta de la forma cómo se ha intervenido el maltrato infantil y se encuentran revisiones sistemáticas orientadas a describir los componente de los programas de crianza basados en la evidencia (Temcheff, Letarte, Boutin & Macil, 2018) y a la revisión de literatura encontrada en el periodo 2008-2014 (Pisani-Altafim & Martins-Linhares, 2016), lo que sugiere que no hay investigación reciente sobre el tema, por tanto, se realiza la revisión sistemática de 23 estudios orientados a la intervención del maltrato infantil desde 2014 a 2018 que tengan una perspectiva de apego y hayan sido dirigidos a madres o la diada madre-hijo. Se encuentran resultados relacionados con la salud mental materna, la condición de riesgo, el desarrollo infantil, el abordaje teórico, las tendencias metodológicas y los niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación según el Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network – SING – propuesto por Primo (2003).Taking into account the increasing figures that are reported each year on cases of child abuse and the fact that this phenomenon is considered a public health problem (WHO, 2009); a search is made of systematic reviews that account for the way in which child maltreatment has been intervened and there are systematic reviews aimed at describing the components of evidence-based parenting programs (Temcheff, Letarte, Boutin & Macil, 2018) and the review of literature found in the period 2008-2014 (Pisani-Altafim & Martins-Linhares, 2016), which suggests that there is no recent research on the subject, therefore, the systematic review of 23 studies oriented to the intervention of child abuse from 2014 to 2018 that have an attachment perspective and have been directed to mothers or the mother-child dyad. Results are found related to maternal mental health, risk status, child development, theoretical approach, methodological trends and levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network - SING - proposed by Primo (2003)

Diseño y validación de un modelo de competencias TIC docentes en Chile. Taxonomía para evaluar desempeños docentes en contextos educativos municipales de primer ciclo básico

La tesi que es presenta és un estudi que se centra en dissenyar un model de competències TIC per avaluar, en base a una taxonomia, els acompliments docents en Contextos Educatius, basat en una visió teòrico-pràctica, per optimitzar la integració curricular en el sistema educatiu xilè i les percepcions dels estudiants respecte a l’ús dels recursos tecnològics en els processos d'ensenyament-aprenentatge, ja que no existeix un model (a Xile) que avaluï en el context real el que els professors realitzen amb les TIC a l'aula, sent els seus processos avaluatius només instrumentals. La mostra es constitueix per professors de 10 escoles d'educació bàsica (primària) de Xile per a la recol·lecció de dades quantitatives i 5 escoles per les dades qualitatives, que van ser seleccionats a través d'un mostreig intencionat. Els 5 objectius principals d’aquest treball són: diagnosticar la percepció sobre les Competències TIC dels docents xilens de primer cicle bàsic de la Región del Bío-Bío, Xile; identificar les percepcions dels estudiants de primer cicle bàsic, i directius respecte a l’ús de TIC que fan els professors en els processos d'ensenyament-aprenentatge; dissenyar un model de competències TIC per avaluar acompliments docents en contextos educatius, sobre la base d'una taxonomia teòric-pràctic que permeti avaluar-ne quantitativament i qualitativament; validar el model de Competències TIC per avaluar acompliments docents en Contextos Educatius; i finalment, transferir el model a la comunitat científica nacional i internacional i al sistema educatiu xilè. Aquesta recerca s'aborda des d'un disseny inductiu amb un mètode basat en la teoria fonamentada a través d'una metodologia mixta. Els resultats subratllen el disseny del model, la seva validació a través d'usuari i expert per a la seva posterior difusió a la comunitat científica. La finalitat és contribuir amb referents teòrics i pràctics a les redefinicions dels rols dels professors, aportant noves categoritzacions relacionades amb les Competències TIC en l'acompliment docent, amb el propòsit de disposar d'instruments de mesura qualitativa en contextos educatius xilens.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar un modelo de competencias relacionadas con el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC), con el fin de evaluar las actuaciones de los profesores en contextos educativos primarios a través de una taxonomía. Este modelo se basa sobre la base de una taxonomía teórico-práctica que permita evaluarlos. En primer lugar, para optimizar la integración curricular en el Sistema Educativo Chileno. En segundo lugar, para optimizar la percepción de los estudiantes relacionados con el uso de los recursos tecnológicos en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Este modelo es el resultado de la revisión de la literatura donde no hay evidencia de que Chile cuenta con un modelo para evaluar las actuaciones de los profesores relacionados con el uso de las TIC en contextos educativos reales. La literatura muestra que los procesos de evaluación chilenos son sólo instrumentales. La muestra está compuesta por profesores de diez escuelas primarias de la región Bío - Bío en Chile, con el fin de recopilar datos cuantitativos. Así como, los profesores de cinco escuelas para reunir datos cualitativos. Ellos fueron seleccionados por un muestreo intencional. Los cinco objetivos principales de este trabajo son: diagnosticar la percepción sobre las Competencias TIC de los docentes chilenos de primer ciclo básico de la Región del Bío-Bío, Chile; identificar las percepciones de los estudiantes de primer ciclo básico, y directivos respecto al uso de TIC que realizan los profesores en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje; diseñar un Modelo de Competencias TIC para evaluar desempeños docentes en contextos educativos, sobre la base de una taxonomía teórico- práctica que permita evaluarlas cuantitativa y cualitativamente; validar el modelo de Competencias TIC para evaluar desempeños docentes en Contextos Educativos; y finalmente, transferir el modelo a la comunidad científica nacional e internacional y al sistema educativo chileno. Esta investigación se aborda desde un diseño inductivo con un método basado en la teoría fundamentada a través de una metodología mixta. Los resultados subrayan el diseño del modelo, su validación a través de opinión de usuarios y de expertos para su posterior difusión a la comunidad científica. La finalidad fue contribuir con referentes teóricos y prácticos a las redefiniciones de los roles de los profesores, aportando nuevas categorizaciones relacionadas con las Competencias TIC en el desempeño docente, con el propósito de disponer de instrumentos de medición cualitativa en contextos educativos chilenos.This research aims to design a model of competences related to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in order to assess teachers’ performances in primary educational contexts through a taxonomy. This model is based on a theoretical and practical vision with two main purposes. First, to optimize the curricular integration in the Chilean educational system. Second, to optimize students’ perceptions related to the use of technological resources in the teaching and learning process. This model is the result of the literature review where there is no evidence that Chile counts with a model that assess teachers’ performances related with the use of ICT in real educational contexts. The literature shows that Chilean evaluative processes are just instrumental. The sample is made up by teachers of ten primary schools from the Bio – Bio region in Chile, in order to gather quantitative data. As well as, teachers from five schools to gather qualitative data. They were selected by an intentional sampling. The main aims of this research are five. First, to diagnose the perception of Chilean primary teacher about ICT competences. Second, to identify the perception of primary students and head of schools related to the teachers’ use of ICT in the teaching and learning process. Third, to design a model of competences related to the use of ICT in order to assess teachers’ performances in primary educational contexts based on a theoretical and practical taxonomy that enables to assess them qualitatively and quantitatively. Fourth, to validate the model of competences. Finally, to transfer this model to the national and international academic community and to the Chilean educational system. This research was developed using an inductive design based on grounded theory through mixed methods. Results highlight the model design and its validation through users and experts in order to disseminate it to the scientific community. Finally, this research contributes with theoretical and practical references to the redefinitions of the teachers’ role. Since, it shows new categories related to the ICT competences in the teachers’ performance in order to provide qualitative measurement instruments in Chilean educational context

Environmental and energy problematic in the mediterranean irrigation regions framework

[EN] Agriculture is a significant user of water and energy in Mediterranean coasts of Europe, such as Spanish Mediterranean regions. Water implications of such irrigations are well known, but also energy must be considered when environmental implications are analyzed. Apart from this, Mediterranean region has its particular problematic framework related to irrigation issues. Often, the availability of irrigation is determinant to the viability of farmers, and the energy implications must be considered when determining the feasibility of small and big farms, particularly in the Mediterranean regions, where the wide variety of customs in each group of irrigators and definitely, its specific weather conditions, typical of a semi-arid zone. All these aspects are analyzed in this paper, as a state of the art determination of problems and possible solutions in a regional scale. Some solutions presented in this paper can contribute with theoretical reductions of emission of greenhouse gasses until 174.10 tCO2/year in pumped systems and 58.49 tCO2/year in multipurpose systems.Romero, L.; Pérez-Sánchez, M.; López Jiménez, PA. (2017). Environmental and energy problematic in the mediterranean irrigation regions framework. International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE). 8(1):51-62. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/99657S51628

Dental management of patients with endocrine disorders

Introduction: The endocrine system is responsible for hormonal secretion and is closely related to the central nervous system, as it diversifies its functions through the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. It controls physiological processes and maintains homeostasis. The neuroendocrine system is responsible for adaptation to environmental changes. Therefore, in dentistry, it is important to be aware of the risks and difficulties that may arise during the dental management of patients with endocrine disorders, and that visits to the dental clinics often represent a stressful situation. Objectives: To review the literature on oral manifestations and dental management in patients with endocrine disorders (disorders of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands). Material and Methods: For the literature review, we carried out a search in Pubmed / Medline database using limits and keywords according to the controlled vocabulary “Medical Subject Headings” (MeSH). We obtained a total of 19 articles (ten literature reviews, one case-control study, and eight clinical case series). Results and discussion: We describe the most common oral manifestations in patients with endocrine disorders and the special dental management that should be carried out on these patient

Present-day heat flow model of Mars

Until the acquisition of in-situ measurements, the study of the present-day heat flow of Mars must rely on indirect methods, mainly based on the relation between the thermal state of the lithosphere and its mechanical strength, or on theoretical models of internal evolution. Here, we present a first-order global model for the present-day surface heat flow for Mars, based on the radiogenic heat production of the crust and mantle, on scaling of heat flow variations arising from crustal thickness and topography variations, and on the heat flow derived from the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere beneath the North Polar Region. Our preferred model finds heat flows varying between 14 and 25 mW m−2, with an average value of 19 mW m−2. Similar results (although about ten percent higher) are obtained if we use heat flow based on the lithospheric strength of the South Polar Region. Moreover, expressing our results in terms of the Urey ratio (the ratio between total internal heat production and total heat loss through the surface), we estimate values close to 0.7–0.75, which indicates a moderate contribution of secular cooling to the heat flow of Mars (consistent with the low heat flow values deduced from lithosphere strength), unless heat-producing elements abundances for Mars are subchondritic

Natural radiactivity from building materials in Spain

The industrial construction sector is very important in Spain. Building materials used in this industry are sources of radiation from natural radionuclides they contain. The European Commission published some recommendations to facilitate the trade of these materials in the E.U. The studies about this subject have increased notably during last years. This, probably, can be associated with the increase interest from natural radiation radiological risk on indoor exposure.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear. CSN-201

Algal lipids reveal unprecedented warming rates in alpine areas of SW Europe during the industrial period

Alpine ecosystems of the southern Iberian Peninsula are among the most vulnerable and the first to respond to modern climate change in southwestern Europe. While major environmental shifts have occurred over the last ~ 1500 years in these alpine ecosystems, only changes in the recent centuries have led to abrupt environmental responses, but factors imposing the strongest stress have been unclear until now. To understand these environmental responses, this study, for the first time, has calibrated an algal lipid-derived temperature proxy (based on long-chain alkyl diols) to instrumental historical data extending alpine temperature reconstructions to 1500 years before present. These novel results highlight the enhanced effect of greenhouse gases on alpine temperatures during the last ~ 200 years and the longterm modulating role of solar forcing. This study also shows that the warming rate during the 20th century (~ 0:18 ºC per decade) was double that of the last stages of the Little Ice Age (~ 0:09 ºC per decade), even exceeding temperature trends of the high-altitude Alps during the 20th century. As a consequence, temperature exceeded the preindustrial record in the 1950s, and it has been one of the major forcing processes of the recent enhanced change in these alpine ecosystems from southern Iberia since then. Nevertheless, other factors reducing the snow and ice albedo (e.g., atmospheric deposition) may have influenced local glacier loss, since almost steady climate conditions predominated from the middle 19th century to the first decades of the 20th century.This research has been supported by the Seventh Framework Programme (grant no. NAOSIPUK (623027)), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (grant no. CGL2017-85415- R), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (grant no. CGL2013- 47038-R), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (grant no. CGL2011-23483), and the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía, Agencia de Innovación y Desarrollo de Andalucía (grant no. P11-RNM 7332). This research has also been supported by grant no. 87/2007 of the Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales (OAPN)-Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, the research group no. RNM-190 of the Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (Junta de Andalucía), and the Ramón y Cajal Fellowship (fellowship no. RYC-2015-18966) of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación

On the thermo-mechanical structure of the Martian lithosphere: the role of the crust

An adequate knowledge of thermal and rheological properties of crust and mantle is fundamental for deciphering and understanding the thermal state and interior evolution of a planetary body. Previously, indirect methods have been used to calculate heat flows for Mars. A commonly used indirect method is based on the relation between the thermal state of lithospheric rocks and their mechanical strength, usually related through the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere or from the depth to the brittle–ductile transition beneath large thrust faults. The so-obtained heat flows are valid for the time when the lithosphere was loaded or faulted, and therefore when deduced from regions deformed in different ages provides information on the thermal evolution of Mars