Propuesta de conservación del sitio Ramsar-Valsequillo a partir del estudio de la megafauna del pleistoceno

"Los estudios paleoambiéntales son fundamentales para entender los efectos que las variaciones climáticas han tenido sobre la biodiversidad y su entorno a través del tiempo. La reconstrucción del hábitat y ambientes del pasado puede obtenerse a través de indicadores cuantificables denominados proxies. Uno de estos es el análisis de la dieta de mamíferos, que puede ser inferida a través del análisis de isótopos estables, microdesgaste y mesodesgaste en dientes. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la dieta, basados en la señal de mesodesgaste, e inferir el hábitat de tres especies de mamíferos ungulados herbívoros del pleistoceno tardío (Rancholabreano), presentes en el sitio Ramsar-Valsequillo Puebla: Equus mexicanus, E. conversidens (Perissodactyla, Equidae) y Mammuthus columbi (Proboscidae, elephantidae).

Creación y validación de la escala del funcionamiento mental para medir el riesgo suicida

Title: Creation and validation of the mental functioning scale to measure suicide risk. Introduction: Suicide is the act of deliberately taking one's own life; suicidal behavior is any action that could lead a person to die, and suicidal risk is the probability that someone will make an attempt to end their life. Sigmund Freud, with his psychoanalytic theory, allows us to think that there is an irreversible reality of suicide, psychodynamics, and the existence of a continuity between representations and completed self-destruction, which depends on individual mental health; During the stages of psychosexual development, acquisitions are promoted: reality testing, integration of the self and the object, and predominantly used defense mechanisms; the combination of these produces psychotic, borderline, and neurotic forms of mental functioning; the first two have high suicidal risk, the third low suicidal risk. Methodology: the objective was to create and validate a documentary measurement instrument of suicide risk based on the characteristics of mental functioning; the subjective suicide risk variable was measured through three logical dimensions: psychotic, borderline and neurotic mental functioning; We used the documentary instrument validation research design, which assessed its intrinsic properties in two phases; the first was exploratory and constructivist with the creation of the instrument; the second phase was descriptive, with the construct and reliability assessment; The instrument was applied to 35 individuals in three pilot tests, with a non-random selection, at the discretion of the researcher. Results and discussion: 105 individuals participated; 20% male and 80% female; the mean age was 34.5 with a standard deviation of 11.9; the mean filling time was 9.8 minutes, with a standard deviation of 4.5 minutes; the rejection rate was 0%; For the construction of the instrument, rational validity was used, building an initial instrument of 40 lickert scale items; for construct validity, variability was measured and the items were reduced to 30; we obtained variances between 0.593 and 2.482, considered high; we used Pearson's correlation and obtained a determinant of 7.83E-11, considered a high correlation between items; the Kaiser Meyer Olkin sample adequacy measure was 0.248, indicating that there is a correlation; and the Bartlett sphericity test had a significant p-value=0.000; which indicates that the sample meets the requirements to perform parametric tests such as confirmatory factor analysis; for this we used the varimax component rotation method with kaiser normalization because we only wanted to obtain three factors; for reliability we obtained a Cronbach's alpha of 0.7, which is still within the accepted limits of 0.7 to 0.9. Discussion: good variances were obtained, which indicates that the instrument has a good discriminative capacity; it has good correlations between items and between each item and the total, which indicates that there is adequate internal consistency of the instrument; the data demonstrated that they are adequate to carry out parametric procedures; confirmatory factor analysis gave us three factors; Cronbach's alpha is within accepted limits. Conclusions: the instrument is reliable and provides consistent measurements; it is useful to discriminate populations with high suicidal risk.Título: Creación y validación de la escala del funcionamiento mental para medir el riesgo suicida. Introducción: El suicidio es el acto de quitarse deliberadamente la propia vida; el comportamiento suicida es cualquier acción que pudiera llevar a una persona a morir, y el riesgo suicida es la probabilidad de que alguien realice un intento de acabar con su vida. Sigmund Freud, con su teoría psicoanalítica nos permite pensar que existe una realidad irreversible del suicidio, psicodinamia, y la existencia de una continuidad entre representaciones y autodestrucción cumplida, que depende de la salud mental individual; durante las etapas de desarrollo psicosexual se promueven las adquisiciones: prueba de realidad, integración del sí mismo y del objeto y mecanismos de defensa predominantemente usados; la combinación de estas produce las formas de funcionamiento mental psicótico, borderline y neurótico; las dos primeras tienen alto riesgo suicida, la tercera bajo riesgo suicida. Metodología: el objetivo fue crear y validar un instrumento de medición documental del riesgo suicida basado en las características del funcionamiento mental; la variable subjetiva riesgo suicida fue medida a través de tres dimensiones lógicas: Funcionamiento mental psicótico, borderline y neurótico; usamos el diseño de investigación validación de instrumentos documentales, que valoró las propiedad intrínsecas del mismo en dos fases; la primera fue exploratoria y constructivista con la creación del instrumento; la segunda fase fue descriptiva, con la valoración de constructo y de la fiabilidad; se aplicó el instrumento a 35 individuos en tres pruebas piloto, con una selección no aleatoria, a criterio del investigador. Resultados y discusión: participaron 105 individuos; 20% masculinos y 80% femeninos; la media de edad fue de 34.5 con una desviación estándar de 11.9; la media del tiempo de llenado fue de 9.8 minutos, con desviación estándar de 4.5 minutos; la tasa de rechazo fue 0%; para la construcción del instrumento se usó la validez racional, construyendo un instrumento inicial de 40 reactivos tipo escala lickert; para la validez de constructo se midió la variabilidad y se disminuyeron los reactivos a 30; obtuvimos varianzas entre 0.593 y 2.482, consideradas elevadas; usamos la correlación de Pearson y obtuvimos un determinante de 7.83E-11, considerado una alta correlación entre reactivos; la medida de adecuación muestral de Kaiser Meyer Olkin resultó de 0.248, indicando que sí existe correlación; y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett tuvo un p-valor=0.000 significativo; lo que nos indica que la muestra cumple con los requisitos para realizar pruebas paramétricas como el análisis factorial confirmatorio; para este usamos el método de rotación de componentes  varimax con normalización kaiser porque únicamente queríamos obtener tres factores; para la fiabilidad obtuvimos un índice de alfa de Cronbach de 0.7, que aún se encuentra dentro de los límites aceptados de 0.7 a 0.9. Discusión: se obtuvieron buenas varianzas, lo que nos indica que el instrumento tiene una buena capacidad discriminativa; tiene buenas correlaciones entre reactivos y entre cada reactivo y el total, que nos indica que existe adecuada consistencia interna del instrumento; los datos demostraron que son adecuados para realizar procedimientos paramétricos; el análisis factorial confirmatorio nos dio por resultado tres factores; el índice alfa de Cronbach se encuentre dentro los límites aceptados. Conclusiones: el instrumento es fiable y proporciona mediciones consistentes; es útil para discriminar poblaciones con riesgo suicida alto

Logarithmic cohomology of the complement of a plane curve

Let D, x be a plane curve germ. We prove that the complex Ω•(log D)x computes the cohomology of the complement of D, x only if D is quasihomogeneous. This is a partial converse to a theorem of F.J. Castro-Jiménez, D. Mond and L. Narváez-Macarro. Cohomology of the complement of a free divisor. Transactions of the A.M.S., 348 (1996), 3037– 3049, which asserts that this complex does compute the cohomology of the complement, whenever D is a locally weighted homogeneous free divisor (and so in particular when D is a quasihomogeneous plane curve germ). We also give an example of a free divisor in D ⊂ C3 which is not locally weighted homogeneous, but for which this (second) assertion continues to hold.Ministerio de Educación y CienciaEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Counci

Do Spanish parents prefer special schools for their children with autism?

The social and communication difficulties of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) pose a special challenge to educational inclusion. Previous research has suggested that, because of this, parents of children with ASD might be less favorable to educating their children in inclusive settings. In this study, 60 parents of children with ASD in the city of Seville (Spain) were interviewed about their perception of educational provision. Parents were from three different groups, according to the children’s educational placement: mainstream non-segregated settings (regular schools and sharing time with other children without disabilities), mainstream segregated settings (special classes in regular schools) and special schools. These contexts differ in teacher training, resources and contact with other children in ways that allow a comparison of the relative influence of these variables on parental perception. Overall parental satisfaction was high. However, parents in mainstream segregated settings were less satisfied than those in special schools. There were no differences between the satisfaction of parents with children in mainstream segregated and non-segregated settings. Results seem to indicate that it is resources and teacher training, rather than severity of the disorder, the classroom structure or fear of contact with other children without ASD, that determine positive parental perception

Dimensionality reduction in images for appearance-based camera localization

[Abstract] Appearance-based Localization (AL) focuses on estimating the pose of a camera from the information encoded in an image, treated holistically. However, the high-dimensionality of images makes this estimation intractable and some technique of dimensionality Reduction (DR) must be applied. The resulting reduced image representation, though, must keep underlying information about the structure of the scene to be able to infer the camera pose. This work explores the problem of DR in the context of AL, and evaluates four popular methods in two simple cases on a synthetic environment: two linear (PCA and MDS) and two non-linear, also known as Manifold Learning methods (LLE and Isomap). The evaluation is carried out in terms of their capability to generate lower-dimensional embeddings that maintain underlying information that is isometric to the camera poses.Junta de Andalucía; P20 0130

Sequential Monte Carlo localization in topometric appearance maps.

Representing the scene appearance by a global image descriptor (BoW, NetVLAD, etc.) is a widely adopted choice to address Visual Place Recognition (VPR). The main reasons are that appearance descriptors can be effectively provided with radiometric and perspective invariances as well as they can deal with large environments because of their compactness. However, addressing metric localization with such descriptors (a problem called Appearance-based Localization or AbL) achieves much poorer accuracy than those techniques exploiting the observation of 3D landmarks, which represent the standard for visual localization. In this paper, we propose ALLOM (Appearance-based Localization with Local Observation Models) which addresses AbL by leveraging the topological location of a robot within a map to achieve accurate metric estimations. This topology-assisted metric localization is implemented with a sequential Monte Carlo Bayesian filter that applies a specific observation model for each different place of the environment, thus taking advantage of the local correlation between the pose and the appearance descriptor within each region. ALLOM also benefits from the topological structure of the map to detect eventual robot loss-of-tracking and to effectively cope with its relocalization by applying VPR. Our proposal demonstrates superior metric localization capability compared to different state-of-the-art AbL methods under a wide range of situations.This work was supported by the Government of Spain in part under grant FPU17/04512, in part under the ARPEGGIO (PID2020-117057GB-I00) research project, and also by the Andalucian Regional Government under the Houndbot (PY20 01302) research project

Social support from developmental contexts and adolescent substance use and well-being: a comparative study of Spain and Portugal

The aim of this study was to analyse the contribution of social support from family, friend and school (teacher and classmate) contexts in substance use (tobacco and alcohol use) and well-being (life satisfaction and health-related quality of life). Participants were 5,784 Portuguese and 22,610 Spanish adolescents aged 11 to 16 years, from the 2014 edition of the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Portugal and Spain. Results showed that for a higher life satisfaction, family ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .032), teacher ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .018) and classmate ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .031) support were important in Portugal, and family ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .056) and friend ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .015) support in Spain. Similarly, for a better health-related quality of life, all the social support variables were relevant in Portugal (family: p < .001, partial η 2 = .063; teacher: p < .001, partial η 2 = .032; classmate: p < .001, partial η 2 = .054; friend: p < .001, partial η 2 = .034) and in Spain (family: p < .001, partial η 2 = .054; teacher: p < .001, partial η 2 = .014; classmate: p < .001, partial η 2 = .018; friend: p < .001, partial η 2 = .040). In contrast, only family support ( p < .001, partial η 2 = .014) was relevant in Portugal for tobacco use. Therefore, social support was more relevant for adolescent well-being than for adolescent substance use, and the most relevant source of support was family support, in both Spain and Portugal

Obtaining Adaptation of Virtual Courses by Using a Collaborative Tool and Learning Design

In this work is described a collaborative tool Learning Activity Management System, LAMS (Macquarie University, Australia) which has been developed for designing, managing and delivering online collaborative learning activities. It provides teachers with a highly intuitive visual authoring environment for creating sequences of learning activities. These activities can include a range of individual tasks, small group work and whole class activities based on both content and collaboration. Then a methodology to apply this tool is described

A Proposal for Brand Analysis with Opinion Mining

The popularity of e‐commerce sites has increased the availability of product reviews, most of which are overlooked by customers because of their large number. Opinion mining, a discipline that aims to extract people\u27s opinions regarding some topic from reviews, was developed to address this situation. However, the individual interpretation of the reviews is not enough to take advantage of the massive datasets available on the web; a meaningful summary of the set of opinions is necessary to give users an overall insight into the opinions. We propose a system to extract information from Amazon product reviews, which focuses on a time‐varying comparison among different brands in a given Amazon product department. In this system, the results are summarized so that users can get a representative and detailed overview of the opinions of (possibly) hundreds of other users regarding the strong and weak points of several brands. This information can be used by customers who want to find high‐quality products, or by the enterprises themselves, which could find the aspects with a higher impact in the public perception

¿Cómo mejorar la educación del alumnado con autismo?: Una propuesta desde el sistema escolar sevillano

El objetivo de este trabajo es aportar algunas propuestas acerca de cómo organizar la actuación educativa dirigida a los alumnos con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y facilitar su inclusión en contextos educativos ordinarios. Tales sugerencias se derivan de una investigación en la que los autores han participado y que tenía por objetivo determinar las principales necesidades educativas de los escolares con TEA censados en la ciudad de Sevilla (España), así como valorar la situación actual de la atención suministrada a esta población en el seno del sistema educativo. Las recomendaciones que se hacen se agrupan en cuatro bloques: a) propuestas relacionadas con la detección y el diagnóstico, b) propuestas para reforzar la inclusión, c) propuestas acerca de recursos que han de ser reforzados y d) propuestas específicas para los Institutos de Educación SecundariaThe aim of this paper is to provide some recommendations about the education of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and their inclusion. These recommendations arise from a study in which the authors took part, with the objective of determining the main educational needs of the pupils with ASD in the city of Sevilla (Spain)and assessing the present educational provision to this population. Recommendations are grouped in four blocks: a) those related to detection and diagnosis, b) proposals to reinforce inclusion, c) recommendations for the increase of certain resources, and d) specific proposals for Secondary Education