55 research outputs found
The insulin-like growth factor system is modulated by exercise in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abbreviations: CI, Confidence interval; ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IGF, Insulin-like growth factors;
IGFBP, Insulin-like growth factor binding protein; MD, Mean difference; PEDro, Physiotherapy evidence database;
RCT, Randomized controlled trials; SD, Standard deviation.Background: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFÂŽs) play a crucial role in controlling cancer cell proliferation,
differentiation and apoptosis. Exercise has been postulated as an effective intervention in improving cancerrelated
outcomes and survival, although its effects on IGFÂŽs are not well understood. This meta-analysis aimed
to determine the effects of exercise in modulating IGFÂŽs system in breast cancer survivors.
Methods: Databases of PuMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.
gov, SPORTDiscus, LILACS and Scopus were systematically searched up to November 2014. Effect estimates were
calculated through a random-effects model of meta-analysis according to the DerSimonian and Laird method.
Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 test. Risk of bias and methodological quality were evaluated using the
PEDro score.
Results: Five randomized controlled trials (n = 235) were included. Most women were post-menopausal. Highquality
and low risk of bias were found (mean PEDro score = 6.2 ± 1). Exercise resulted in significant improvements
on IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-I, IGFBP-3, Insulin and Insulin resistance (P < 0.05). Non-significant differences were found for
Glucose. Aerobic exercise improved IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and Insulin. No evidence of publication bias was detected by
EggerÂŽs test (p = 0.12).
Conclusions: Exercise improved IGFÂŽs in breast cancer survivors. These findings provide novel insight regarding the
molecular effects of exercise on tumoral microenvironment, apoptosis and survival in breast cancer survivors
Selection of the solvent and extraction conditions for maximum recovery of antioxidant phenolic compounds from coffee silverskin
The extraction of antioxidant phenolic compounds from coffee silverskin (CS) was studied. Firstly, the effect of different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and distilled water) on the production of antioxidant extracts was evaluated. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays), but those obtained with methanol and ethanol had significantly higher (pâ<â0.05) DPPH inhibition than the remaining ones. Due to the lower toxicity, ethanol was selected as extraction solvent, and further experiments were performed in order to define the solvent concentration, solvent/solid ratio, and time to maximize the extraction results. The best condition to produce an extract with high content of phenolic compounds (13 mg gallic acid equivalents/g CS) and antioxidant activity [DPPHâ=â18.24 ÎŒmol Trolox equivalents/g CS and FRAPâ=â0.83 mmol Fe(II)/g CS] was achieved when using 60 % ethanol in a ratio of 35 ml/g CS, during 30 min at 60â65 °C.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). The authors gratefully acknowledge Teresa Conde, student of Biological Engineering, for the help and interest in this work
EficĂĄcia do exercĂcio fĂsico na fadiga dos pacientes com cĂąncer durante o tratamento ativo: revisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica e meta-anĂĄlise
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la efectividad del ejercicio fĂsico en la fatiga de pacientes con cĂĄncer durante el tratamiento activo. Las bases de datos de PubMed Central, EMBASE y OVID fueron consultadas hasta abril de 2014 para identificar ensayos clĂnicos aleatorizados, que evaluaran el efecto del ejercicio en la fatiga de pacientes con cĂĄncer sometidos a tratamiento activo. Once estudios (n = 1.407) fueron incluidos. La quimioterapia fue el tratamiento mĂĄs comĂșn (n = 1.028). Los estudios tuvieron bajo riesgo de sesgo y alta calidad metodolĂłgica. Las estimaciones de efecto mostraron que el ejercicio fĂsico mejorĂł significativamente la fatiga (SMD = -3,0; IC95%: -5,21; -0,80), p < 0,0001. Se encontraron efectos similares para el entrenamiento de resistencia (SMD = -4,5; IC95%: -7,24; -1,82), p = 0,001. Se encontraron mejoras significativas en pacientes con cĂĄncer de mama y de prĂłstata (p < 0,05). El ejercicio es una intervenciĂłn segura y eficaz en el control de la fatiga en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento activoThis study aimed to determine the effectiveness of physical exercise in decreasing fatigue in cancer patients during active treatment. The PubMed Central, EMBASE, and OVID databases were consulted up to April 2014 to identify randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on fatigue in cancer patients undergoing active treatment. Eleven studies (n = 1,407) were included. Chemotherapy was the most common form of treatment (n = 1,028). The studies showed a low risk of bias and high methodological quality. Effect estimates showed that physical exercise significantly improved fatigue (SMD = -3.0; 95%CI: -5.21; -0.80), p < 0.0001. Similar effects were found for resistance training (SMD = -4.5; 95%CI: -7.24; -1.82), p = 0.001. Significant improvements were found in breast and prostate cancer patients (p < 0.05). Exercise is a safe and effective intervention in the management fatigue in cancer patients undergoing active treatmentO objetivo foi determinar a efetividade do exercĂcio fĂsico sobre a fadiga em pacientes com cĂąncer durante o tratamento ativo. As bases de dados PubMed Central, EMBASE e OVID foram consultadas atĂ© abril de 2014 para identificar ensaios clĂnicos randomizados que avaliaram o efeito do exercĂcio sobre a fadiga em pacientes com cĂąncer em tratamento ativo. Onze estudos (n = 1.407) foram incluĂdos. A quimioterapia foi o tratamento mais comum (n = 1.028). Os estudos tiveram baixo risco de viĂ©s e alta qualidade metodolĂłgica. As estimativas de efeito mostraram que o exercĂcio melhorou significativamente a fadiga (DMP = -3,0; IC95%: -5,21; -0,80), p < 0,0001. Efeitos semelhantes sobre o treinamento de resistĂȘncia (DMP = -4,5; IC95%: -7,24; -1,82), p = 0,001 foram encontrados. O exercĂcio fĂsico Ă© uma intervenção segura e eficaz contra a fadiga em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento ativoEl presente trabajo forma parte del Proyecto PrĂĄctica del autoexamen de seno y los conocimientos, factores de riesgo y estilos de vida relacionados con el cĂĄncer de mama en mujeres jĂłvenes de la Universidad Santo TomĂĄs de BogotĂĄ: un anĂĄlisis transversal (9ÂȘ Convocatoria FODEIN- CĂłdigo del proyecto 4110060001 - 008)
Characteristics of Early-Onset vs Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Review.
The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (younger than 50 years) is rising globally, the reasons for which are unclear. It appears to represent a unique disease process with different clinical, pathological, and molecular characteristics compared with late-onset colorectal cancer. Data on oncological outcomes are limited, and sensitivity to conventional neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy regimens appear to be unknown. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available literature on early-onset colorectal cancer.
Within the next decade, it is estimated that 1 in 10 colon cancers and 1 in 4 rectal cancers will be diagnosed in adults younger than 50 years. Potential risk factors include a Westernized diet, obesity, antibiotic usage, and alterations in the gut microbiome. Although genetic predisposition plays a role, most cases are sporadic. The full spectrum of germline and somatic sequence variations implicated remains unknown. Younger patients typically present with descending colonic or rectal cancer, advanced disease stage, and unfavorable histopathological features. Despite being more likely to receive neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, patients with early-onset disease demonstrate comparable oncological outcomes with their older counterparts.
The clinicopathological features, underlying molecular profiles, and drivers of early-onset colorectal cancer differ from those of late-onset disease. Standardized, age-specific preventive, screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies are required to optimize outcomes
Alcohol consumption and risky sexual practices: the pattern of nursing students from the Spanish University
Post-Operative Functional Outcomes in Early Age Onset Rectal Cancer
Background: Impairment of bowel, urogenital and fertility-related function in patients treated for rectal cancer is common. While the rate of rectal cancer in the young (<50 years) is rising, there is little data on functional outcomes in this group. Methods: The REACCT international collaborative database was reviewed and data on eligible patients analysed. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with a histologically confirmed rectal cancer, <50 years of age at time of diagnosis and with documented follow-up including functional outcomes. Results: A total of 1428 (n=1428) patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Metastatic disease was present at diagnosis in 13%. Of these, 40% received neoadjuvant therapy and 50% adjuvant chemotherapy. The incidence of post-operative major morbidity was 10%. A defunctioning stoma was placed for 621 patients (43%); 534 of these proceeded to elective restoration of bowel continuity. The median follow-up time was 42 months. Of this cohort, a total of 415 (29%) reported persistent impairment of functional outcomes, the most frequent of which was bowel dysfunction (16%), followed by bladder dysfunction (7%), sexual dysfunction (4.5%) and infertility (1%). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with early-onset rectal cancer who undergo surgery report persistent impairment of functional status. Patients should be involved in the discussion regarding their treatment options and potential impact on quality of life. Functional outcomes should be routinely recorded as part of follow up alongside oncological parameters
Cuentos del Olivar
En este apasionante viaje tenemos las puertas abiertas para todo aquel que se quiera sumar, ya sea trabajando en pos de la difusiĂłn de la cultura ligada al olivo o disfrutando de lecturas como las que se recogen en este libro, que seguro les depara un sabroso disfrute y les descubre una cultura del olivar que tiene a sus espaldas varios milenios de historia. Les deseo que paladeen cada uno de estos relatos, que conforman un excelente aperitivo literario.Ărea de Historia del Art
The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review
Differential clinical characteristics and prognosis of intraventricular conduction defects in patients with chronic heart failure
Intraventricular conduction defects (IVCDs) can impair prognosis of heart failure (HF), but their specific impact is not well established. This study aimed to analyse the clinical profile and outcomes of HF patients with LBBB, right bundle branch block (RBBB), left anterior fascicular block (LAFB), and no IVCDs. Clinical variables and outcomes after a median follow-up of 21 months were analysed in 1762 patients with chronic HF and LBBB (n = 532), RBBB (n = 134), LAFB (n = 154), and no IVCDs (n = 942). LBBB was associated with more marked LV dilation, depressed LVEF, and mitral valve regurgitation. Patients with RBBB presented overt signs of congestive HF and depressed right ventricular motion. The LAFB group presented intermediate clinical characteristics, and patients with no IVCDs were more often women with less enlarged left ventricles and less depressed LVEF. Death occurred in 332 patients (interannual mortality = 10.8%): cardiovascular in 257, extravascular in 61, and of unknown origin in 14 patients. Cardiac death occurred in 230 (pump failure in 171 and sudden death in 59). An adjusted Cox model showed higher risk of cardiac death and pump failure death in the LBBB and RBBB than in the LAFB and the no IVCD groups. LBBB and RBBB are associated with different clinical profiles and both are independent predictors of increased risk of cardiac death in patients with HF. A more favourable prognosis was observed in patients with LAFB and in those free of IVCDs. Further research in HF patients with RBBB is warranted
Taquicardia sinusal, ¿qué esconde?
Introduction: It is not uncommon for the elderly to consult for innespecific
and attenuated symptoms or signs that difficult reaching the finnal diagnosis.
It is therefore a challenge to find this association with underlying pathology.
Case report: A 80 years who came to the emergency department fatigue,
dyspnea and the perception of rhythmic palpitations.
Discussion: We found a case of sinus persistent tachycardia. After ruling out
other causes of sinus tachycardia, we objectived a acute mitral insufficiency
due to ruptured chordae.
Conclusion: The fact that locating a sinus tachycardia should always get the
warning because it is most likely to hide underlying pathology especially in the
elderly.IntroducciĂłn: No es infrecuente que el anciano consulte por sĂntomas o
signos pocos especĂficos y atenuados que dificultan llegar al diagnĂłstico
definitivo. Es por tanto un reto encontrar esta asociaciĂłn con patologĂa de
base.
Presentación del caso: Paciente de 80 años que acudió al servicio de
Urgencias por cuadro de astenia, aumento de disnea basal y percepciĂłn de
palpitaciones rĂtmicas y continuas.
DiscusiĂłn: Nos encontramos ante una paciente con taquicardia sinusal de
causa desconocida. Tras descartar posibles causas de taquicardia sinusal,
se objetivo en el ecocardiograma, una insuficiencia mitral aguda por rotura de
cuerdas tendinosas con los mecanismos de adaptaciĂłn que ello conlleva.
ConclusiĂłn: La presencia de una taquicardia sinusal persistente debe de
ponernos en el alerta en cualquier paciente porque probablemente esconda
una patologĂa subyacente, especialmente en los ancianos
- âŠ