Férriz y Cabrero: lecciones de una desconocida y paradigmática colaboración entre fotógrafo y arquitecto

El creciente interés por investigar y analizar las relaciones entre arquitectura y fotografía puede abordarse desde enfoques generales o dimensiones más especulativas pero también desde casos de estudio específicos. La posibilidad de tener acceso directo tanto a las fotografías en papel del archivo del arquitecto Asís Cabrero como a los negativos del fotógrafo Férriz nos permite analizar en profundidad un material inédito de una colaboración paradigmática entre un arquitecto y un fotógrafo prácticamente desconocido hasta la fecha. La condición exclusiva de esta relación, la calidad de las imágenes y la sinergia entre ambos profesionales apuntan claves, lecciones en suma, para seguir profundizando en el papel y los usos de la imagen construida y en sus implicaciones en el devenir arquitectónico.With few exceptions, it is not possible to date collaborations between Asís Cabrero ( 1912-2005) and a photographer other than Jesús García Férriz ( 1900-1988). Similarly, there are only few and isolated works proving that Férriz made photo reports of other architects’ work. This dual situation points out a unique case study, barely known and unexplored up to date, and of a great theoretical relevance to delve into the intricacies of the marriage architecture & photography. This situation becomes even more exceptional due to the existence of paper prints form the architect’s own archive —kept at the General Archive of the University of Navarra— as well as the availability of the photographer’s original negatives. The close and loyal working relationship between Cabrero and Férriz represent, in the context of modern Spanish architecture, a unique case of complete trust and complicity between an architect and his photographer. Although there are other relevant examples —such as Coderch and Català-Roca or Fernández del Amo and Kindel— none of them proved to have such an exclusive relationship. This fact can be proved not only by the available data and the different hypothesis that might be formulated, but also by the case study described in this text, which provides a rigorous and critic analysis of the unpublished material showing how the architect’s project and idea is described and graphically documented through Ferry’s photography. We therefore address, under a new reciprocal practice among the actors in the process, the synergies between architecture and photography that endorse and support a particular status coherent with the role played by the image of architecture in its growth and media, historiographical and disciplinary transmission. As opposed to Asís Cabrero, who has already been recognized as a leading figure of modern Spanish architecture, the photographic work made by the Férriz family has scarcely up to date been revealed in the field of Spanish photographic community of the 20th Century and has never been recognized as example of professionalism and technical expertise in the course of their long term career. In this text the outcomes of this relationship will be explored not only based on technical and aesthetic qualities, but also on the analysis of the rigor and coherence of their respective attitudes and their professional skills

Distribution and interaction between selected pharmaceuticals and hydrogeochemistry in Guadalhorce aquifer(South of Spain)

Management of water resources implies the study of their quality and in recent times one of the main drawbacks is the presence of non-regulated products, the so-called "Emerging Contaminants (EC)". Currently the study of these contaminants is among the research priorities of the main organizations dedicated to the protection of public and environmental, such as OMS, EPA or the EU Commission health. The list of emerging contaminants include a wide variety of products both industrial and domestic applications, whose harmful effects include toxicity, bioaccumulation, and even endocrine disruption. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are not efficient at removing many of these contaminants, so effluents and reuse become one of the most significant sources of contamination, even many emerging pollutants are only partially degraded and are even more toxic byproducts than the parent compounds. This research is focused in the Guadalhorce porous aquifer (Malaga, south of Spain), to study the distribution of EC and the interaction with the hydrogeochemistry. 14 EC (Ibuprofen, Hydrochlorothiazide, Salicilic Acid, Triclosan, Menfenamic Acid, Carbamazepine, Trimethoprim, Ofloxacin, Cafeine, Metotrexato, Metronidazole, Sulfadiazine, Sulfamethazine and Sulfamethoxazole) and 36 paramaters including electrical conductivity, T, pH, DO, major ions (Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), metals (B, Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn, As and Se) and isotopes (d2H-H2O, d18O-H2O, d34S-SO42-) were controlled in a single field sampling (June 2012). Relationships between certain pollutants by its focus of origin are studied. Ibuprofen and Menfenamic acid follow the same pattern since they have the same use as anti-inflammatory agents and origin, mainly related to urban centers, which is important in the Guadalhorce area close to the mouth. Some possible explanations are the close situation of the Waste Water Treatment Plant of Malaga, numerous discharges of wastewater, irrigations with reused and non-reused water, among others. Nearby to the upper part of the aquifer, where farms and livestock are concentrated, pharmaceuticals for veterinary use are frequent. Furthermore, a relationship between certain emerging contaminants and hydrogeochemical characteristics present in the groundwater masses is observed, noting that ibuprofen, for example, has an indirect correlation to the temperature and concentration of certain ions such as chlorine and lead present in water masses. So it may be said that the distribution and concentration of emerging contaminants is not only affected by the number of pollution sources but also by the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the aquifer.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Trend assessment of pollutants in Fuente de Piedra groundwater body (Málaga province)

La normativa europea persigue alcanzar el buen estado químico de sus aguas subterráneas. Para ello es fundamental controlar y detectar tendencias en el aumento de la concentración de contaminantes. Pese a la importancia de esta cuestión, no existen un test específico para detectar estas tendencias, por lo que se suelen aplicar varios. En este trabajo se propone una combinación de métodos paramétricos (regresión lineal), no paramétricos (Mann-Kendall) y descriptivos (Ozgur). Esta propuesta metodológica ha sido aplicada a los datos de la red de control de calidad del agua subterránea de la masa de agua subterránea (MASb) de Fuente de Piedra (Málaga, Sur de España). La irregularidad de las series de datos y el importante grado de explotación de esta MASb hacen de este sistema un escenario ideal para contrastar este tipo de técnicas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Satisfacción y uso del campus virtual: la perspectiva de los estudiantes

Con motivo de la celebración de las VI Jornadas de Campus Virtual de la UCM (CV‐UCM) en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, en las que se propone realizar un balance tras seis años desde su puesta en marcha, se ha considerado oportuno contar con la perspectiva de los estudiantes a la hora de valorar el funcionamiento y las necesidades del campus virtual de nuestra universidad. Con esa finalidad se ha diseñado una encuesta en la que se investiga el uso, necesidades y satisfacción con relación al Campus Virtual, dirigida a todos los alumnos de la UCM. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los principales resultados de la “Encuesta de alumnos sobre satisfacción y uso del CV‐UCM”. El trabajo de campo de la mencionada encuesta se ha realizado durante el año 2010, mediante la cumplimentación de un cuestionario online, que ha sido respondido por 1.650 estudiantes matriculados en las 26 Facultades y Escuelas universitarias que integran la UCM

Férriz y Cabrero. Lecciones de una desconocida y paradigmática colaboración entre fotógrafo y arquitecto

El creciente interés por investigar y analizar las relaciones entre arquitectura y fotografía puede abordarse desde enfoques generales o dimensiones más especulativas pero también desde casos de estudio específicos. La posibilidad de tener acceso directo tanto a las fotografías en papel del archivo del arquitecto Asís Cabrero como a los negativos del fotógrafo Férriz nos permite analizar en profundidad un material inédito de una colaboración paradigmática entre un arquitecto y un fotógrafo prácticamente desconocido hasta la fecha. La condición exclusiva de esta relación, la calidad de las imágenes y la sinergia entre ambos profesionales apuntan claves, lecciones en suma, para seguir profundizando en el papel y los usos de la imagen construida y en sus implicaciones en el devenir arquitectónico

Satisfacción y uso del Campus Virtual UCM: La perspectiva de los estudiantes

Con motivo de la celebración de las VI Jornadas de Campus Virtual de la UCM (CV‐UCM) en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, en las que se propone realizar un balance tras seis años desde su puesta en marcha, se ha considerado oportuno contar con la perspectiva de los estudiantes a la hora de valorar el funcionamiento y las necesidades del campus virtual de nuestra universidad. Con esa finalidad se ha diseñado una encuesta en la que se investiga el uso, necesidades y satisfacción con relación al Campus Virtual, dirigida a todos los alumnos de la UCM. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los principales resultados de la “Encuesta de alumnos sobre satisfacción y uso del CV‐UCM”. El trabajo de campo de la mencionada encuesta se ha realizado durante el año 2010, mediante la cumplimentación de un cuestionario online, que ha sido respondido por 1.650 estudiantes matriculados en las 26 Facultades y Escuelas universitarias que integran la UCM.campus virtual, enseñanza virtual, e‐learning, b‐learning, encuesta, estudiantes.

Estudio sobre la presencia y distribución de contaminantes emergentes en los acuíferos detríticos del río Guadalhorce

Los contaminantes emergentes son compuestos que se utilizan de forma muy común en la sociedad actual y que están siendo constantemente liberados al medio ambiente. En la actualidad, a consecuencia de una falta de investigación y regulación legal, se sabe relativamente poco sobre los efectos que pueden tener estos contaminantes a largo plazo sobre la salud humana y ambiental. Algunos de los contaminantes emergentes que generan mayor preocupación son los fármacos (especialmente los antibióticos), las drogas de abuso, los pesticidas y los productos de higiene personal. El objetivo del presente estudio fue detectar la presencia de contaminantes emergentes, tanto en aguas superficiales como en aguas subterráneas de acuíferos aluviales de la cuenca del río Guadalhorce. Para ello se seleccionaron 32 puntos de muestreo (20 subterráneas y 12 superficiales) distribuidos a lo largo de las subcuencas que componen la zona de estudio. Los resultados revelan la presencia de contaminantes emergentes en todas las muestras analizadas. En las aguas superficiales se detectaron 19 contaminantes emergentes diferentes, principalmente fármacos, mientras que en las aguas subterráneas se hallaron 25 contaminantes emergentes diferentes, mayoritariamente plaguicidas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Biochemical and Physical Performance Responses to a Soccer Match after a 72-Hour Recovery Period

The physiological and neuromuscular responses at 72 h post-match are not widely researched, despite evidence showing substantial changes in recovery markers at 72 h post-match. Consequently, the aim of this study was to determine the biochemical and physical performance responses to a soccer match after a 72-h recovery period. Male soccer players of a semiprofessional team participated in this study. Before playing a friendly match, blood values of testosterone, cortisol, the testosterone-to-cortisol ratio and urea were collected and the squat jump and the Bangsbo Repeated Sprint Ability test were performed. These measurements were considered as baseline (pre match) and were obtained again after a 72-h recovery period. Results indicate that physical performance at 72 h post-match was similar to baseline (squat jump: p = 0.974; total Repeated Sprint Ability time: p = 0.381; Repeated Sprint Ability fatigue index: p = 0.864). However, perturbations in the biochemical milieu derived from the soccer match metabolic and physiological stress were still evident at this time point. While no significant differences compared to pre match were obtained in testosterone and urea concentrations after the recovery period, cortisol and testosterone-to-cortisol ratio values were significantly higher (14.74 ± 3.68 µg/dL vs. 17.83 ± 2.65 µg/dL; p = 0.045; ES 0.92 [0.00; 1.84], very likely) and lower (39.08 ± 13.26 vs. 28.29 ± 7.45; p = 0.038; ES −0.96 [−1.89; −0.04], very likely), respectively. In conclusion, soccer players have similar physical performance to the pre match after a 72-h recovery period, even with signs of biochemical and physiological stress

Match Loads May Predict Neuromuscular Fatigue and Intermittent-Running Endurance Capacity Decrement after a Soccer Match

How the match-derived load metrics relate to post-match fatigue in soccer is scarcely researched. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the associations between soccer match-related internal and external loads, neuromuscular performance decrease and intermittent-running endurance capacity decrement immediately post-match. Vertical jump (countermovement jump), straight-line sprinting (10- and 20-m sprint), change of direction ability (T-test) and intermittent-running endurance capacity (YO-YO intermittent recovery level 2) were measured one day before and immediately after a friendly match in male soccer players. During the match, players’ internal and external loads were also monitored, including heart rate-derived indices, total distance at various speed thresholds, average running velocity, maximal running velocity, number of sprints and number of accelerations and decelerations at various intensity thresholds. The results show that match-induced fatigue was reflected on neuromuscular performance and intermittent-running endurance capacity immediately post-match (p < 0.05). The quantification of percentage change of match external-load metrics, particularly accelerations and decelerations, provides a useful non-invasive predictor of subsequent neuromuscular fatigue status in soccer players immediately post-match (p < 0.05). However, only internal load metrics present a practical application for predicting intermittent-running endurance capacity impairment (p < 0.05). In summary, internal and external load metrics may allow for predicting the extent of acute fatigue, and variability between halves may represent a valuable alternative to facilitate the analysis of match-related fatigue both for research and applied purposes

Analysis of the Process Parameter Influence in Laser Cladding of 316L Stainless Steel

Laser Cladding is one of the leading processes within Additive Manufacturing technologies, which has concentrated a considerable amount of effort on its development. In regard to the latter, the current study aims to summarize the influence of the most relevant process parameters in the laser cladding processing of single and compound volumes (solid forms) made from AISI 316L stainless steel powders and using a coaxial nozzle for their deposition. Process speed, applied laser power and powder flow are considered to be the main variables affecting the laser cladding in single clads, whereas overlap percentage and overlapping strategy also become relevant when dealing with multiple clads. By setting appropriate values for each process parameter, the main goal of this paper is to develop a processing window in which a good metallurgical bond between the delivered powder and the substrate is obtained, trying simultaneously to maintain processing times at their lowest value possible. Conventional metallography techniques were performed on the cross sections of the laser tracks to measure the effective dimensions of clads, height and width, as well as the resulting dilution value. Besides the influence of the overlap between contiguous clads and layers, physical defects such as porosity and cracks were also evaluated. Optimum process parameters to maximize productivity were defined as 13 mm/s, 2500 W, 30% of overlap and a 25 g/min powder feed rat