Controversias de la Guerra Fría cultural. Una reflexión desde los American Studies, 1945-1975

Con el inicio de la Guerra Fría se desencadenó también una batalla cultural entre soviéticos y estadounidenses. El propósito de unos y otros fue irradiar sus respectivos modelos socio-culturales e ideologías en el campo rival y, sobre todo, frenar la expansión de los valores contrarios en el propio. La promoción y difusión de los Estudios Norteamericanos o American Studies en las universidades del bloque europeo occidental formó parte de aquel conflicto. Poco sabemos por el momento acerca de quién, o quiénes, y con qué medios intentaron que la Historia, el Arte, la Literatura o la Ciencia Política estadounidenses fuesen mejor conocidos por los ciudadanos del viejo continente. En las páginas que siguen pretendemos arrojar algo de luz sobre esos interrogantes. Simultáneamente y desde la perspectiva de lo sucedido en torno a los American Studies, se aportarán datos e indicios para la reflexión sobre cuestiones del contexto general de la Guerra Fría.The Cold War also triggered a cultural battle between the Soviets and U.S. Americans. Both aimed to radiate their own social and cultural models, together with their own ideologies, in their rival's sphere of influence, and above all, to check the expansion of their opponent's values in their own sphere. The promotion and diffusion of U.S. or American Studies in the universities of the Western European block was part of that conflict. To date, little is known about the people who tried to improve European appreciation of U.S. History, Art, Literature or Political Science, or about the means they used. This article will also discuss more general issues of the cultural cold war, such as: When did the U.S. propaganda machine start to function? or Did the Soviet Union invest more in propaganda than the United States

Current status of las tablas de daimiel national park wetland and actions required for conservation

Wetlands are complex ecosystems that play multiple roles. ‘Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park’ (TDNP) undoubtedly plays a role in several ecosystem services and provides a connection between nature, farmers, scientists, residents, and other stakeholders. The state of degradation and/or vulnerability of this ecosystem (with a series of socio-economic implications) have led the publication of numerous articles. The work reported here provides a description of the growing importance of this wetland within the rural landscapes of La Mancha and emphasizes its state of degradation, mainly since pedological point of view. In this way, particular attention is required to assure the conservation of the Tablas of Daimiel Wetland; thus, several measures are proposed to improve the conservation of this area as to control and prohibit any dumping of any type of waste in the park or in its vicinityThis Research was funded by Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales (Autonomous Organism National Parks) of Spain (OAPN

Differential Effects of Increasing Salinity on Germination and Seedling Growth of Native and Exotic Invasive Cordgrasses

Soil salinity is a key environmental factor influencing germination and seedling establishment in salt marshes. Global warming and sea level rise are changing estuarine salinity, and may modify the colonization ability of halophytes. We evaluated the effects of increasing salinity on germination and seedling growth of native Spartina maritima and invasive S. densiflora from wetlands of the Odiel-Tinto Estuary. Responses were assessed following salinity exposure from fresh water to hypersaline conditions and germination recovery of non-germinated seeds when transferred to fresh water. The germination of both species was inhibited and delayed at high salinities, while pre-exposure to salinity accelerated the speed of germination in recovery assays compared to non-pre-exposed seeds. S. densiflora was more tolerant of salinity at germination than S. maritima. S. densiflora was able to germinate at hypersalinity and its germination percentage decreased at higher salinities compared to S. maritima. In contrast, S. maritima showed higher salinity tolerance in relation to seedling growth. Contrasting results were observed with differences in the tidal elevation of populations. Our results suggest S. maritima is a specialist species with respect to salinity, while S. densiflora is a generalist capable of germination of growth under suboptimal conditions. Invasive S. densiflora has greater capacity than native S. maritima to establish from seed with continued climate change and sea level rise.Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU14/06556

A vanishing theorem for a class of logarithmic D-modules

Let OX (resp. DX) be the sheaf of holomorphic functions (resp. the sheaf of linear differential operators with holomorphic coefficients) on X = Cn. Let D X be a locally weakly quasi-homogeneous free divisor defined by a polynomial f. In this paper we prove that, locally, the annihilating ideal of 1/fk over DX is generated by linear differential operators of order 1 (for k big enough). For this purpose we prove a vanishing theorem for the extension groups of a certain logarithmic DX–module with OX. The logarithmic DX–module is naturally associated with D (see Notation 1.1). This result is related to the so called Logarithmic Comparison Theorem

Policía rural y mercados de trabajo agrario en la Segunda República española: el caso de Santa Marta (Badajoz), 1931-1936

Instrumental in supporting the agricultural reforms enacted during the Second Republic, the regulations on compulsory cultivation and the Rural Police Commission exhibited both positives and negatives. This article reveals details of events related to this Commission in the town of Santa Marta, in the province of Badajoz. The full minutes of the executive meetings of this organisation have been preserved in the Municipal Archives, a rather exceptional circumstance as in most cases they have entirely disappeared. Up until now, historiography has been silent on many aspects of the Rural Police Commission, such as its constitution, its relationship with the political life of the period, the kind of agricultural plantations that its mandate covered, the effectiveness of its actions, the reactions and hopes it awakened among owners and workers, etc. We try to address these matters by cross-referencing the aforementioned local documentation with the national legal corpus on rural police institutions. The analysis is completed by comparing the evidence in this case with data from institutional economics.Con sus luces y sus sombras, la normativa de laboreo forzoso y la Comisión de Policía Rural fueron piezas clave paralelas a la reforma agraria de la Segunda República. Este artículo analiza lo sucedido en torno a esa Comisión en un pueblo de Badajoz, Santa Marta, en cuyos Archivos Municipales aparecieron las actas íntegras de dicho organismo. Se trata de una circunstancia bastante excepcional, puesto que en la mayoría de los casos han desaparecido. Así las cosas y a día de hoy, la historiografía guarda silencio sobre muchos aspectos de su constitución, su vinculación con la vida política del período, el tipo de fincas que se vieron inmersas en sus pesquisas, su eficiencia, las reacciones y esperanzas que desató. Trataremos de aclarar estos interrogantes, cruzando la documentación local mencionada con la escasa bibliografía existente sobre este tema y el corpus legal donde se menciona. Un análisis que concluirá tratando de cruzar la evidencia del caso con la economía institucional

Influence of temperature and time on the Eu3+ reaction with synthetic Na-Mica-n (n = 2 and 4)

Bentonite is accepted as the best clay material for the engineered barrier of Deep Geological Repositories (DGRs). The performance of clay as the main component of the engineered barrier in the DGR has been intensively studied and the structure of the selected clay mineral play a crucial role. In this sense, a new family of synthetic swelling silicates, Na-Mica-n, with tuned layer charge (n) values between 2.0 and 4.0 per unit cell has recently been synthesized and a general synthetic method has been reported. These swelling high-charge micas could be highly valuable for the decontamination of harmful cations. The ability of these micas to immobilize Eu3+ under subcritical conditions has been probed. The adsorption was in both non-specific sites (cation exchange mechanism) and specific sites (chemical reaction or surface defects adsorption). Moreover, its adsorption capacity, under the same conditions is higher than in saponite and far superior to the bentonites.Junta de Andalucía P12-FQM-567European Union 29178

Contourite characterization and its discrimination from other deep‐water deposits in the Gulf of Cadiz contourite depositional system

This project was funded through the Joint Industry Project supported by BP, ENI, ExxonMobil, TOTAL, Wintershall Dea and TGS, within the framework of "The Drifters" Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), in conjunction with the projects CTM 2012-39599-C03, CGL2015-66835-P, CTM2016-75129C3-1-R, CGL2016-80445-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and B-RNM-072-UGR18. This research used data and samples collected by IODP Expedition 339 aboard the Joides Resolution. Data was acquired at the XRF Core Scanner Lab at MARUM -Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany. Our thanks to Dr Javier Dorador (RHUL, UK) for the high-resolution core imaging treatment, to Dr David Roque (ICMAN-CSIC, Spain) for his help in the hydrographic panels from Fig. 2, and to Dr Angel Puga-Bernabeu (University of Granada, Spain) for revision that helped to improve the original version of the manuscript before submission. This study significantly benefited from discussions with all who attended the IODP Exp. 339 MOW meeting in Heidelberg (Germany) in January 2019. We would like to thank Associate Editor Dr Adam McArthur and the three reviewers, Dr Rachel Brackenridge, Dr Giancarlo Davoli and Dr Adriano Viana, for their positive and constructive comments that helped us improve the manuscript.Despite numerous efforts to properly differentiate between contourites and other deep‐water deposits in cores and outcrops, reliable diagnostic criteria are still lacking. The co‐occurrence of downslope and along‐slope sedimentary processes makes it particularly difficult to differentiate these relatively homogeneous deposits. The main aim of this paper is to identify differences in deep‐water sediments based on Principal Component Analysis of grain size and geochemistry, sedimentary facies, and reinforced by microfacies and ichnofacies. The sediments studied were obtained from two International Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 339 sites in mounded and sheeted drifts in the Gulf of Cadiz. The statistical approach led to the discernment of hemipelagites, silty contourites, sandy contourites, bottom current reworked sands, fine‐grained turbidites and debrites over a range of depositional and physiographic elements. These elements are linked to contourite drifts, the drift‐channel transition, the contourite channel and distal upper slope. When bottom currents or gravity‐driven flows are not the dominant depositional process, marine productivity and continental input settling forms the main depositional mechanism in deep‐water environments. This is reflected by a high variability of the first principal component in hemipelagic deposits. The stacked principal component variability of these deposits evidences that the contourite drift and the adjacent contourite channel were influenced by the interrelation of hemipelagic, gravitational and bottom current induced depositional processes. This interrelation questions the paradigm that a drift is made up solely of muddy sediments. The interrelation of sedimentary processes is a consequence of the precession‐driven changes in the intensity of the Mediterranean Outflow Water related to Mediterranean climate variability, which are punctuated by millennial‐scale variability. Associated vertical and lateral shifts of the Mediterranean Outflow Water, and therefore of its interface with the East North Atlantic Central Water, controlled sediment input and favoured turbulent sediment transport in the middle slope. During the interglacial precession maxima/insolation minima, a more vigorous upper core of the Mediterranean Outflow Water and the enhanced impact of the East North Atlantic Central Water – Mediterranean Outflow Water interface allowed for the development of the sandier contourite deposits.BP within the "The Drifters" Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL)ENI within the "The Drifters" Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL)ExxonMobil within the "The Drifters" Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL)TOTAL within the "The Drifters" Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL)Wintershall Dea within the "The Drifters" Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL)TGS within the "The Drifters" Research Group at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL)AEI/FEDER, UE CTM 2012-39599-C03 CGL2015-66835-P CTM2016-75129C3-1-R CGL2016-80445-RB-RNM-072-UGR1

EU digital communication strategy during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign: Framing, contents and attributed roles at stake

If in recent years the European Union (EU) has had to face complex and multifactorial “poly-crises” (such as Brexit, refugees or the euro), the pandemic caused by COVID-19 has been an unprecedented event on a global scale with important implications at all levels. Indeed, it has reinforced public health issues aimed at protecting the population as nodal elements of the policies implemented by this organization. This research aims to analyze the different organizational communication strategies on Twitter implemented by the main EU institutions during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, in order to examine the presence of this exceptional milestone. This study has been carried out using an eminently quantitative methodology, based on a content analysis to quantify the different variables and indicators established for the publications of the official profiles of the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council. The proposed categories focus on exploring their predominant thematic areas, as well as main purposes/attributed functions. In the light of the results obtained, it is concluded that the vaccination campaign is a milestone with a considerable volume of publications by all profiles. However, among the attributed functions, the distribution of aseptic information has been predominant, which is why it is discussed whether these institutions have sufficiently taken advantage of the possibilities offered by the digital environment of Twitter for the dissemination of the European message