Mark ratio modulation over pulse position modulation

Orthogonal modulation superimposes non-amplitude-modulated signals on Manchester coded or pulse position modulated amplitude shift keying (ASK) signals, allowing two traffic flows with different bit rates to be modulated on the same wavelength channel, and hence improving spectrum efficiency. Inspired by the orthogonal modulation, this paper proposes a novel modulation format, i.e., mark ratio modulation over pulse position modulation (PPM), which utilizes the mark ratio difference between the PPM symbols and the inverse PPM symbols to deliver an overlaid signal. Better than traditional orthogonal modulation, in the mark ratio modulation over PPM, both low-speed and high-speed traffic flows are modulated by ASK with no need to sacrifice the extinction ratio, while keeping the reception simple and easy. According to theoretical analysis and test, we found 4PPM is a good option, which can balance the trade-off between the PPM signal\u27s effective bit rate and the mark ratio modulated signal\u27s quality

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Expression and function of basigin during early pregnancy and spermatogenesis

Basigin (BSG) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that plays an important role in both female and male reproduction since female knockout (KO) mice are infertile and male KO mice are sterile. The aim of the present study was to determine 1) whether BSG is required for proliferation of the uterine luminal epithelium during early pregnancy in preparation for implantation; 2) whether BSG is required for HESCs decidualization; and 3) whether BSG is essential for the interactions between gametes and Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. BSG protein was expressed in the uterine epithelium at estrus in βERKO mice but not in αERKO mice. However, a higher level of Bsg mRNA was observed in the uteri of αERKO mice as compared with wild type (WT) and βERKO mice. In the mouse, estrogen alone induces the proliferation of both luminal and glandular epithelial cells during early pregnancy. On day 1 of pregnancy, the expression levels of ERα and a well-known estrogen responsive gene, MUC1, appeared to be normal in the uteri of Bsg KO females. This suggested that the circulating estradiol levels in Bsg KO mice are normal. I examined proliferation in uterine epithelial cells and found that, in WT mice, uterine epithelial cells were highly proliferative as measured by expression of Ki67 in both the luminal and glandular epithelial cells. In contrast, Ki67 expression was significantly decreased in the epithelial cells of Bsg KO uteri. Immunochemistry using the BSG antibody revealed that the expression of BSG in C/EBPβ null uteri was heterogeneous and spotty in the luminal epithelium as compared with a more homogeneous expression pattern of BSG in the uterine epithelium of WT uteri. These results indicate that C/EBPβ may be one of the factors regulating the expression of BSG in mouse uterine epithelium. Decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) into decidual cells is carefully controlled, both spatially and temporally, by a balance of stimulatory and inhibitory signals from the uterine endometrium and is a prerequisite for successful implantation. Decidualization is associated with induction of a number of genes including wingless-type MMTV integration site family member (WNT4) and forkhead transcription factor forkhead box O1A (FOXO1). In the present study, HESCs were transfected with small interfering RNAs targeting BSG gene expression. Expression of the decidualization markers Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) and Prolactin (PRL) was significantly inhibited in cells with down regulated BSG expression. Silencing of BSG in HESCs also impaired expression of several MMPs. Microarray analysis revealed that both WNT4 and FOXO1 and its downstream targets are under the regulation of BSG during decidualization in HESCs. The Bsg KO testis lacks elongated spermatids and mature spermatozoa, a phenotype similar to that of alpha-mannosidase IIx (MX) KO mice. MX regulates formation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) terminated N-glycans that participate in germ cell-Sertoli cell adhesion. Results showed that Bsg KO spermatocytes displayed normal homologous chromosome synapsis and progression to the midpachytene stage. Both meiosis I (MI) and meiosis II (MII) spermatocytes were detected in the KO preparations. However, expression of the acrosome marker SP-10 was extremely low in germ cells of Bsg KO mice indicating that spermatogenesis in Bsg KO mice was arrested at the round spermatid stages. I observed a large increase in the number of germ cells undergoing apoptosis in Bsg KO testes. Using lectin blotting, I determined that GlcNAc terminated N-glycans are linked to BSG. GlcNAc terminated N-glycans were significantly reduced in Bsg KO testes. These observations indicate that BSG may act as a germ cell-Sertoli cell attachment molecule. Loss of BSG significantly reduced adhesion between GC-2 and SF7 cells. Moreover, WT testes showed strong expression of N-cadherin (CDH2) while expression was greatly reduced in the testes of Bsg KO mice. In addition, the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) was compromised and flow of fluid from the testis was reduced in Bsg KO testes. My findings suggest that expression of BSG protein in the uterus requires estrogen acting through ESR1, but not ESR2. Moreover, estrogen may regulate the proliferation of both luminal and glandular epithelial cells in the uterus during early pregnancy through a pathway involving BSG. Human decidualization results have provided new insights into the molecular pathways that regulate decidualization of human uterine stromal cells. Understanding the role of BSG during decidualization may help to explain the defects in decidualization-associated reproductive disorders of women. Male results indicate that although Bsg KO spermatogonia can undergo normal progression to the spermatocyte stage, BSG-mediated germ cell-Sertoli cell adhesion via GlcNAc terminated N-glycans appears to be necessary for integrity of the BTB and spermatocyte progression to mature spermatozoa

Predicting angiographic coronary artery disease using machine learning and high-frequency QRS

Abstract Aim Exercise stress ECG is a common diagnostic test for stable coronary artery disease, but its sensitivity and specificity need to be further improved. In this paper, we construct a machine learning model for the prediction of angiographic coronary artery disease by HFQRS analysis of cycling exercise ECG. Methods and results This study prospectively included 140 inpatients and 59 healthy volunteers undergoing cycling exercise ECG. The CHD group (N=104) and non-CHD group (N=95) were determined by coronary angiography gold standard. Automated HF QRS analysis was performed by the blinded method. The coronary group was predominantly male, with a higher prevalence of age, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes than the non-coronary group ( $$P<0.001$$ P < 0.001 ), higher lipid levels in the coronary group ( $$P<0.005$$ P < 0.005 ), significantly longer QRS duration during exercise testing ( $$P<0.005$$ P < 0.005 ), more positive leads ( $$P<0.001$$ P < 0.001 ), and a greater proportion of significant changes in HFQRS ( $$P<0.001$$ P < 0.001 ). Age, Gender, Hypertension, Diabetes, and HF QRS Conclusions were screened by correlation analysis and multifactorial retrospective analysis to construct the machine learning models of the XGBoost Classifier, Logistic Regression, LightGBM Classifier, RandomForest Classifier, Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine, respectively. Conclusion Male, elderly, with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and positive exercise stress test HFQRS conclusions suggested a high risk of CHD. The best performance of the Logistic Regression model was compared, and a column line graph for assessing the risk of CHD was further developed and validated

The Effect of Hormone Types, Concentrations, and Treatment Times on the Rooting Traits of <i>Morus</i> ‘Yueshenda 10’ Softwood Cuttings

Enhancing the capacity of fruit trees to propagate via cuttings is an important endeavor for the high-quality development of the fruit industry. Optimizing the conditions for the cutting propagation of mulberry seedlings is an important factor that influences the industrial production of this plant; however, the currently used mulberry breeding technology system is not mature. In this experiment, an orthogonal design was used to intercept semi-woody shoots of Yueshenda 10 as cuttings and set different hormone concentrations (200, 500, 800, and 1000 mg/L), different hormone types (NAA, IBA, IAA, and ABT-1), and different soaking times (10, 30, 60, and 120 min) for cuttings. The effects of the three factors on the rooting of mulberry cuttings were investigated by soaking the cuttings in clean water for 10 min as a control. The results showed that the primary and secondary order of the three factors affecting the rooting rate of cuttings was hormone concentration > hormone type > soaking time, and the concentration of exogenous hormones had a significant impact on all rooting indicators (p < 0.05). In addition, the rooting rate (66.24%), average number of roots (7.54 roots/plant), and rooting effect index (4.23) of Yueshenda 10 cuttings reached the optimal level when soaked with 800 mg/L ABT-1 for 30 min. The longest root length (10.20 cm) and average root length (4.44 cm) of cuttings achieved the best results when soaked with 800 mg/L NAA for 60 min and 500 mg/L NAA for 30 min, respectively. On balance, it is considered that the preferred solution is to soak the cuttings of Yueshenda 10 with 800 mg/L ABT1 solution for 0.5 h

Physicochemical Response of External Plant Growth Regulator in the Cutting Process of Mulberry

Adventitious roots play a crucial role in the nourishment and propagation of arboreal vegetation. In order to shed light on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of the challenging-to-propagate mulberry tree species, an investigation was conducted. This study aimed to compare the responses of various root morphological indicators, endogenous hormones, and oxidase activities in the “Yueshenda 10” fruit mulberry, at different stages of treatment. The ultimate objective was to identify the factors influencing the process of root development. The findings revealed a distinct ”/\“ pattern in the levels of IAA and JA within the cuttings. Conversely, the changes in ABA, ZR, and GA3 exhibited a ”/\/“ pattern. The fluctuation of the IAA/ABA values followed a ”\/\“ mode, whereas the IAA/ZR values initially increased, followed by a subsequent decrease. The correlation between the initial concentrations of these five endogenous hormones and the rooting rate displayed variations. Notably, IAA demonstrated the strongest association with the rooting rate, exhibiting a positive correlation with both IAA and ZR. Regarding the activity of three antioxidant enzymes (IAAO, POD, and PPO), a ”/\“ trend was observed, wherein the enzyme activity increased under ABT1 treatment. However, the peak activity levels of the enzymes appeared during different periods: callus generation, rooting induction, and adventitious root expression, respectively. Overall, the most effective treatment for promoting root development and significantly enhancing the root growth parameters of mulberry was found to be 800 mg/L ABT1. Exogenous hormone treatment expedited the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes, thereby shortening the rooting time and facilitating root formation

Influenza-associated neurologic complications in children from an H3N2 outbreak in Shenzhen, China during COVID-19 lockdown

Objectives: To identify the characteristics of influenza-associated neurologic complications (INCs) in children from a recent H3N2 outbreak in Shenzhen, China during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of INCs in children hospitalized with H3N2 infection was conducted. Results: From June 01, 2022 to July 01, 2022, 513 children with H3N2 infection were hospitalized and 97 developed INCs. Of the 18 patients with encephalopathy/encephalitis, 13 were previously healthy. Three developed acute necrotizing encephalopathy and two died. Of the 63 patients with febrile seizures, 55 (87%) had simple febrile seizures. Of the 14 patients with an exacerbation of seizure with underlying epilepsy, the seizure symptoms occurred mostly within 24 hours of disease onset (13/14). The comparison of the three groups (encephalopathy/encephalitis, febrile seizure and exacerbation of seizure with underlying epilepsy) reported no significant differences in sex, pre-existing neurologic diseases, vaccination rate, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, blood glucose, lactic acid, or duration of fever. The influenza vaccination rates were generally low (22% vs 32% vs 21%). Patients with encephalopathy/encephalitis had a higher rate of elevated alanine aminotransferase (28% vs 3% vs 0, P = 0.005). Conclusion: H3N2-related neurologic complications in children mainly occur early in the disease course. Most patients were previously healthy and unvaccinated against influenza. Elevated alanine aminotransferase is more common in encephalopathy/encephalitis