41 research outputs found
Steam boiler for fytomass
Účelem této diplomové práce bylo navrhnout kotel na spalování výpalků lihovarů. Pro zadané parametry biomasy byly postupně provedeny stechiometrické výpočty, ze kterých dále vycházejí výpočty entalpií spalin. V další části byla řešena tepelná bilance kotle, účinnost kotle, recirkulace spalin a teplota spalin na výstupu z ohniště. Dále byl řešen návrh jednotlivých teplosměnných ploch parního kotle tak, aby výsledný počet a velikost odpovídal požadovaným parametrům. Parametry jsou teplota, tlak a množství páry.The purpose of this Diploma Thesis was the construction design of the steam boiler for fytomass. For the specified parameters of biomass have been gradually implemented stoichiometric calculations of which are further based calculation of enthalpies of combustion gas. In the next part have been dealt with heat balance of the boiler, the efficiency of the boiler, recirculation of exhaust gases and the temperature of the combustion gases in outlet from fire. Thereinafter, the proposal of particular heat surfaces of steam boiler was solved, so that the resulting number and size correspond to the desired parameters. The parameters are temperature, pressure and the amount of steam.
Biomass Gasification — Primary Methods for Eliminating Tar
This present paper deals with primary methods for reducing tar in biomass gasification, namely by feeding a natural catalyst into a fluidized bed. This method is verified using an experimental pilot plant
Biomass Gasification — Primary Methods for Eliminating Tar
This present paper deals with primary methods for reducing tar in biomass gasification, namely by feeding a natural catalyst into a fluidized bed. This method is verified using an experimental pilot plant
Shoulder Girdle Strength And Finger Flexor Strength In Prediction Of Performance In Female Rock Climbers
Cíl. Cílem studie bylo objasnit vztah síly pletence ramenního a flexorů prstů k lezeckému výkonu u sportovních lezkyň. Metody. Dvacet jedna žen se zúčastnilo šesti lezeckých testů zaměřených na sílu flexorů prstů a pletence ramenního: vis na liště, maximální síla v otevřeném úchopu, výdrž ve shybu na jedné ruce, výdrž ve shybu na obou rukách, diagonální přesah, vertikální přesah. Vztah jednotlivých testů k lezecké výkonnosti RP (Red point) byl hodnocen pomocí koeficientu determinace. Relativní síla jednotlivých testů k lezecké výkonnosti RP byla posuzována lineární regresní analýzou. Výsledky. Největší část variability lezecké výkonnosti RP vysvětlovaly testy: diagonální přesah (R2 = 0,76), vertikální přesah (0,74) a výdrž ve visu (0,72). U testu diagonální přesah byla nalezena vysoká reliabilita ve smyslu vnitřní konzistence (vnitrotřídní korelační koeficient, levá 0,98; pravá 0,97) a kriteriální validita (r = 0,87). Regresní analýza ukázala, že test vertikální přesah má nejvyšší relativní sílu ze všech uvedených testů. Závěry. Studie představila nový specificky lezecký test diagonální přesah. Bylo zjištěno, že test má vysokou reliabilitu a validitu, a proto ho lze využívat jako diagnostický nástroj pro posouzení statické síly pletence ramenního ve sportovním lezení. Síla pletence ramenního se ukazuje jako nezbytná pro zvyšování výkonnosti žen ve sportovním lezení.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the rock-climbing performance and the strength of finger flexors and shoulder girdle muscles in female rock climbers. Twenty-one female climbers completed six specific climbing tests focused on finger flexor and shoulder girdle muscles strength: finger hang, maximal strength in open crimp, bent arm hang on one arm, bent arm hang on two arms, diagonal reach, power slap. The relationship to the climbing performance RP (Red point) was assessed by a coefficient of determination. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the relative contribution of the test’s strength in the model. Results. Diagonal reach (R2 = 0.76), power slap (0.74) and finger hang (0.72) explained the greatest part of climber’s performance variability. The test diagonal reach showed high consistency (intra-class correlation coefficient, left 0.98; right 0.97). The greatest relative strength in the regression linear model was power slap. Conclusion. This study introduced a new specific climbing test diagonal reach. It was found that this test has a high reliability and criterion validity and is to assess static shoulder girdle strength in rock climbers. It was shown that shoulder girdle strength is an important factor for achieving high performance in female rock climbers
The Interest In Physical Activities In Medical Students Of Charles University Prague
Cílem práce bylo posoudit zájem o pohybové aktivity studentů prvních ročníků na 2. a 3. lékařské fakultě (LF) UK. Dotazníkové šetření bylo prováděno na souboru 407 studentů, kdy 182 studentů bylo z 2. LF UK a 225 studentů z 3. LF UK. Studenti obou fakult (2. a 3. LF) sportují nejčastěji do dvou hodin týdně (37 %, respektive 38 %) a dvě až čtyři hodiny týdně (38 % respektive 34 %). 14,5 % studentů se věnuje sportu závodně, 4,6 % studentů se nevěnuje pohybovým aktivitám vůbec. Cyklistice se ze zkoumaného souboru věnuje 111 studentů, plavání 98 studentů, běhání 63 studentů, volejbalu 62, sjezdovému lyžování 47 studentů, fitness aktivitám a turistice 40 studentů. Zájem studentů o zapojení do pohybových aktivit se profiluje jak u tradičních aktivit jako plavání, volejbal, fitness aktivity, cyklistika, tenis, zdravotní tělesná výchova, tak rovněž u „nových“ aktivit jako sportovní lezení, squash, plážový volejbal, in-line bruslení, nordic walking, slackline, golf, florbal. Ukazuje se, že zařazení „nových“ atraktivních pohybových aktivit do vysokoškolské nabídky tělovýchovných kateder a ústavů může zvýšit zájem o tělesnou výchovu studentů.The aim of the study was to assess the interest in physical activities in first year students of second (LF 2) and third (LF 3) medical faculty of Charles University. The sample of 407 students took part in the survey of which 182 students were from LF 2 and 225 from LF 3. Students of both faculties (LF 2 and LF 3) practiced a sport for less than 2 hours per week (37 %, respective 38 %) and 2-4 hours (38 % respective 34 %). There were 14.5 % of students who regularly compete in a sport discipline and 4.6 % of students do not practice any physical activity at all. Cycling is practised by 111, swimming by 98, running by 63, volleyball by 62, skiing by 47, fitness and „turistika“ by 40 students. Interest in participating in physical activities was focused among the traditional activities like swimming, volleyball, fitness, tennis, cycling, health oriented physical education and among new activities like sport climbing, squash, beach volleyball, in-line skating, nordic walking, slackline, golf, floorball. It was shown that including new physical activities in the curriculum may enhance the interest of students in physical education
Physiological demands of indoor wall climbing in children
The study aimed to assess the physiological demands of indoor wall climbing in children. Twenty five children (aged 8–12 years) from a climbing school, with a performance RP (red point) of IV to V+ UIAA (Union Internationale des Associations d’Alpinisme) scale, (5.4 to 5.7 YDS, Yosemite Decimal System and 4a to 5a Sport/French scale), participated in the study. All 25 children climbed the first vertical route (IV UIAA, 5.4 YDS, 4a Sport/French) and ten went on to complete the 110° overhanging route (IV+ UIAA, 5.5 YDS, 4b Sport/French). Both routes were climbed in a top rope style, at a self-selected pace. A portable gas analyser was used to assess the physiological response to the climbs. In addition, the time spent climbing by the children was recorded during the subsequent eight-week period. There were no significant differences found in the peak oxygen consumption between boys and girls, or for the route inclinations, with mean values of around 40 ml·kg-1·min-1. The children also achieved similarly high mean % values of HRmax, of between approximately 81 – 90%. To conclude, a typical children’s climbing session involves short intermittent high intensity climbing, interspersed with longer periods of rest. It is possible that climbing in short intermittent bursts, as seen in the present research, may be considered high-intensity-training (HIT), with sufficient intensity to influence aerobic fitness in children
Energy Recovery from Contaminated Biomass
This study focuses on thermal gasification methods of contaminated biomass in an atmospheric fluidized bed, especially biomass contaminated by undesirable substances in its primary use. For the experiments, chipboard waste was chosen as a representative sample of contaminated biomass. In the experiments, samples of gas and tar were taken for a better description of the process of gasifying chipboard waste. Gas and tar samples also provide information about the properties of the gas that is produced
Relation Between Selected Conditioning Tests And A Performance In Sport Climbing
Sportovní lezení je v současné době chápáno částí lezecké populace jako zajímavý kondiční prostředek. Předložená studie objasňuje vztah mezi vybranými kondičními testy, anamnetickými údaji a sportovním výkonem v lezení ve smyslu přelezení cest OS nebo RP a vzájemně poukazuje na vztah mezi těmito způsoby přelezů lezeckých cest. Studie popisuje vztah mezi standardizovanými testy vybranými ze souboru testů Eurofit (skok daleký z místa, hluboký předklon, výdrž ve shybu, ruční dynamometrie, „plameňák“), antropometrickými údaji (tělesná výška, tělesná hmotnost, % zastoupení tuku) a anamnestickými údaji (délka lezecké praxe, výkon ve smyslu Rotepunkt RP i On sight OS). Míra závislosti je vysvětlena pomocí lineární regrese s dvěma závisle proměnnými. Závisle proměnné jsou výkon v lezení ve smyslu RP a OS. Signifikantními indikátory pro daný regresní model jsou při závisle proměnné RP lezecká praxe, výdrž ve shybu, ruční dynamometrie a hmotnost; při OS lezecká praxe, výdrž ve shybu a ruční dynamometrie. Aplikací lineární regrese s dvěma závisle proměnnými byla objasněna míra závislosti mezi výkonem ve smyslu RP a OS parciální korelací na úrovni r p = 0,745.Sport climbing is now seen as part of the fitness interests of the climbing population. This study clarifies the relationship between selected conditioning tests, anamnetic data and performance in sport climbing using OS or RP routes and the relationship between these ways of ascent climbing. The study describes the relationship between the different standardised tests selected from Eurofit test set (standing long jump, full forward trunk bend, pull-up hold, manual dynamometry and flamingo exercise), anthropometric data (body height, body weight, body fat ratio in %) and anamnestic data (length of climbing experience, climbing performance in terms Red Point RP, and On sight OS). The dependency measure is expressed by a linear regression with two dependent variables. The dependent variables express climbing performance in terms of RP and OS. The significant indicators for dependent variable RP in this given regressive model are length of climbing experience, pull-up hold, manual dynamometry and body weight. For the dependent variable OS, these are length of climbing experience, pull-up hold and manual dynamometry. After the application of a linear regression analysis with two dependent variables, the dependency measure between the RP and OS performance was formulated as a partial correlation rp = 0,745
Energy Recovery from Contaminated Biomass
This study focuses on thermal gasification methods of contaminated biomass in an atmospheric fluidized bed, especially biomass contaminated by undesirable substances in its primary use. For the experiments, chipboard waste was chosen as a representative sample of contaminated biomass. In the experiments, samples of gas and tar were taken for a better description of the process of gasifying chipboard waste. Gas and tar samples also provide information about the properties of the gas that is produced
METHODS FOR CLEANING OF GAS FROM GASIFICATION OF STALK
Due to the continuous growth of energy consumption it is required that development in the energy sector is focused on renewable energy sources. Another possibility to reduce the consumption of primary energy resources is also searching for new and non-traditional fuels. Stalk and slightly contaminated biomass are representatives of these non-traditional fuels. Stalk is mostly annual plants grown primarily for subsistence. Waste parts of these plants can be utilized for production of energy. The thermal gasification is one of the possibilities to use biomass efficiently. Gasification can be understood as the thermo-chemical conversion of solid fuel into the gaseous state. The gas with low heating value is on the outlet from gasification process. The main components of produced gas are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane. The final gas contains also a lot of undesirable constituents which handicap this gas for energy usage. These constituents are neutral components, that dilute gas only, and pollutants as dust, tar and compounds of sulphur and chlorine, which complicate further use of the generated gas. The research paper is focu-sed on thermal gasification of stalk and other non-traditional fuels in Biofluid experimental device. The aim is to design methods for cleaning the raw gas from the tar compounds. The research is focused on the secondary gas cleaning methods aiming at high purity of the final gas