(R1980) Effect of Climate Change on Brain Tumor

In this paper, we introduce a new dynamical model addressing the variation in climate condition due the presence of microorganisms. We also introduce a new dynamical model of cancer growth which includes three interactive cell populations with drug free environment, namely tumor cells, healthy host cells, and immune effector cells. In this, we considered the super growth of tumor cells. For the choice of certain parameters, both of the systems exhibit chaotic behavior. The aim of this work is to design the controller to control the chaos and to provide sufficient conditions which achieve synchronization of two non-identical systems, which is based on Lyapunov stability theory. To verify synchronization is achieved between the systems, we performed the numerical simulation

Material Selection for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Multiple Attribute Decision Making Approach

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs) provide a potential alternative to conventional p-n junction photovoltaic devices. The semiconductor thin film plays a crucial role in the working of DSC. This paper aims at formulating a process for the selection of optimum semiconductor material for nanostructured thin film using multiple attribute decision making (MADM) approach. Various possible available semiconducting materials and their properties like band gap, cost, mobility, rate of electron injection, and static dielectric constant are considered and MADM technique is applied to select the best suited material. It was found that, out of all possible candidates, titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the best semiconductor material for application in DSC. It was observed that the proposed results are in good agreement with the experimental findings

Effect of Long-term Continuous STCR based Fertilization on Potassium Pools and Balance in Calcareous Soil under Rice based Cropping System

Potassium (K) is essential for soil, plant and human nutrition. In calcareous soils, high Ca levels suppress the K uptake by the crops therefore, crops growing in these soils often require above normal levels of K fertilization for satisfactory plant growth. Therefore, a long-term experiment was started in calcareous soil (medium in available K) replicated thrice in randomized block design with rice-based cropping system and nine treatments [T1- control, T2-FP, T3-GRD, T4-YT 35q/ha, T5-YT 40 q/ha, T6-YT 45 q/ha, T7-STCR (YT 35 q/ha) + IPNS, T8-STCR (YT 40q/ha) + IPNS, T9-STCR (YT 45 q/ha) +IPNS at Experimental Farm, RPCAU, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India during kharif-2019. Continuous addition of STCR based fertilizer along with 5 tons ha-1 compost improved soil organic carbon, CEC, available potassium status and potassium balance whereas control unfertilized decreased the most, results unsustainable yields and soil fertility. Treatment T9 for rice based cropping system was superior over all the other treatments in potassium fractions, chemical properties and potassium balance of surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface soil (15-30 cm).&nbsp

(La<SUB>0.4</SUB>Ba<SUB>0.4</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.2</SUB>)(Mn<SUB>0.4</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.6</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>: a new titano-manganate with a high dielectric constant and antiferromagnetic interactions

A new perovskite-based titano-manganate, (La<SUB>0.4</SUB>Ba<SUB>0.4</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.2</SUB>)(Mn<SUB>0.4</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.</SUB>6)O<SUB>3</SUB>, has been prepared by the ceramic route at 1100&#176;C. This oxide was found to possess the cubic perovskite structure with 'a'=3.9477(23) &#197; (space group Pm3&#x0305;m ). The refined composition as obtained by Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray data was found to be (La<SUB>0.44</SUB>Ba<SUB>0.38</SUB>Ca<SUB>0.18</SUB>)(Mn<SUB>0.43</SUB>Ti<SUB>0.57</SUB>)O<SUB>2.91(3)</SUB> (R<SUB>p</SUB>=0.0704, wR<SUB>p</SUB>=0.0828). The composition was also ascertained by Energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Iodometric studies led to a slightly higher oxygen content (compared to Rietveld refinement) corresponding to an average manganese oxidation state of 3.05. The above oxide was found to exhibit high dielectric constant (&#949;) of 6980 at 1 kHz decreasing to 590 at 100 kHz. At high temperatures (200&#176;C) it shows an unusually high dielectric constant of 20,000 at 1 kHz. In addition to the dielectric properties, detailed magnetic studies show evidence of long-range antiferromagnetic interactions near 5 K. The presence of unusually high dielectric constant coupled with the long-range magnetic interactions may open up interesting applications

A New Design of a Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber for Gas Sensing Applications

Metamaterial absorbers are used in the terahertz frequency regime as photo-detectors, as sensing elements, in imaging applications, etc. Narrowband absorbers, on account of their ultra-slender bandwidth within the terahertz frequency spectrum, show a significant shift in the absorption peak when an extrinsic entity relative to the absorber, like refractive index or temperature of the encircling medium, is altered. This property paves the path for the narrowband absorbers to be used as potential sensors to detect any alterations in the encircling medium. In this paper, a novel design of a terahertz metamaterial (MTM) absorber is proposed, which can sense the variations in the refractive index (RI) of the surrounding medium. The effective permeability of the structure is negative, while its permittivity is positive; thus, it is a μ-negative metamaterial. The layout involves a swastika-shaped design made of gold on top of a dielectric gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. The proposed absorber achieved a nearly perfect absorption of 99.65% at 2.905 terahertz (THz), resulting in a quality factor (Q-factor) of 145.25. The proposed design has a sensitivity of 2.12 THz/RIU over a range of varied refractive index from n = 1.00 to n = 1.05 with a step size of 0.005, thereby achieving a Figure of Merit (FoM) of 106. Furthermore, the sensor was found to have a polarization-insensitive characteristic. Considering its high sensitivity (S), the proposed sensor was further tested for gas sensing applications of harmful gases. As a case study, the sensor was used to detect chloroform. The proposed work can be the foundation for developing highly sensitive gas sensors

Intrinsic insights to antimicrobial effects of Nitrofurantoin to multi drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ms202

Emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) serovar of Salmonella has raised the concern of their impactful effect on pathogenic infection and mortality in human lead by the enteric diseases. In order to combat the battle against these MDR Salmonella pathogen, new drug molecules need to be evaluated for their potent antibacterial application. This study evaluates the mechanistic antimicrobial effect of nitrofurantoin against a MDR strain of Salmonella named S. enterica Typhimurium ms202. The antimicrobial effect of nitrofurantoin was studied through experimental and computational approach using standard microbiological and molecular techniques like growth curve analysis, live-dead analysis, oxidative stress evaluation using high throughput techniques like flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. The result showed a potent dose dependent antibacterial effect of nitrofurantoin against S. enterica Typhimurium ms202 with a MIC value of 64 &amp; mu;g/ml. Moreover, the mechanistic excavation of the phenomenon described the mechanism as an effect of molecular interaction of nitrofurantoin molecule with membrane receptor proteins OmpC of S. enterica Typhimurium ms202 leading to internalization of the nitrofurantoin heading towards the occurrence of cellular physiological disturbances through oxidative stress impeded by nitrofurantoin-Sod1 C protein interaction. The results indicated towards a synergistic effect of membrane damage, oxidative stress and genotoxicity for the antibacterial effect of nitrofurantoin against S. enterica Typhimurium ms202. The study described the potent dose-dependent application of nitrofurantoin molecule against MDR strains of Salmonella and guided towards their use in further discovered MDR strains

Primary Cilium-Mediated Retinal Pigment Epithelium Maturation Is Disrupted in Ciliopathy Patient Cells

Summary: Primary cilia are sensory organelles that protrude from the cell membrane. Defects in the primary cilium cause ciliopathy disorders, with retinal degeneration as a prominent phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), essential for photoreceptor development and function, requires a functional primary cilium for complete maturation and that RPE maturation defects in ciliopathies precede photoreceptor degeneration. Pharmacologically enhanced ciliogenesis in wild-type induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-RPE leads to fully mature and functional cells. In contrast, ciliopathy patient-derived iPSC-RPE and iPSC-RPE with a knockdown of ciliary-trafficking protein remain immature, with defective apical processes, reduced functionality, and reduced adult-specific gene expression. Proteins of the primary cilium regulate RPE maturation by simultaneously suppressing canonical WNT and activating PKCδ pathways. A similar cilium-dependent maturation pathway exists in lung epithelium. Our results provide insights into ciliopathy-induced retinal degeneration, demonstrate a developmental role for primary cilia in epithelial maturation, and provide a method to mature iPSC epithelial cells for clinical applications. : May-Simera et al. show that primary cilia regulate the maturation and polarization of human iPSC-RPE, mouse RPE, and human iPSC-lung epithelium through canonical WNT suppression and PKCδ activation. RPE cells derived from ciliopathy patients exhibit defective structure and function. These results provide insights into ciliopathy-induced retinal degeneration. Keywords: retinal pigment epithelium, RPE, ciliopathy, cell maturation, iPS cells, primary cilium, WNT signaling, apical-basal polarity, CEP290, cili