On Soft gr-Closed sets in Soft Topological Spaces

The aim of this paper is to introduce soft pgr-closed sets in topological spaces which is defined over the universe of the given set with a fixed set of parameters. Further, we investigate its properties and its relationship with other soft closed sets

On coincidence and common fixed point of six maps satisfying f-contractions

Coincidence and common fixed point of six self maps satisfying F-contractions are established via common limit in the range property without exploiting the notion of continuity or containment of range space of involved maps or completeness of space/subspace. Our results generalize, extend and improve the analogous recent results in literature.Publisher's Versio

Posterior Tibial Artery, its Branching Pattern and Variations with its Clinical Applications.

The present study about the posterior tibial artery was carried out in both adult and foetal cadaveric specimens and clinical cases. The results of the study are based on the routine dissection method, radiological method, clinical studies and histological studies. Origin of posterior tibial artery from popliteal artery at the lower border of popliteus was observed in 86% and above the lower border of popliteus in 6%,below the lower border of popliteus muscle in 2% and absence of posterior tibial artery in 6%. The knowledge of variations in the level of origin of posterior tibal artery will help the Radiologists for interventional management of tibial and peroneal diseases. The branches of posterior tibial artery - the circumflex fibular artery, nutrient artery of tibia, peroneal artery, muscular branches, perforating branches, communicating branch, medial malleolar branches, calcaneal branches and terminal branches were observed in the present study. The posterior tibial artery terminated by dividing into medial lateral plantar arteries was observed in 86% , terminated at a higher level by giving smaller branches to the skin and muscles in 4% and terminated by joining with peroneal artery in 4% of cases. The posterior tibial artery was completely replaced by peroneal artery in 6% cases. Observations about the occurrence of rare and abnormal termination of posterior tibial artery and replacement of posterior tibial artery by peroneal artery will definitely serve the vascular surgeons in the field of revascularization surgery for foot salvage. Through more aggressive use of tibial bypass, limb preservation has improved greatly. The perforating branches from posterior tibial artery were located only in the middle two quarters of leg in 92.5% of cases and these branches were located in the proximal, middle and distal third of the leg in 7.5% of cases. The observations about the perforating branches of posterior tibial artery will help the plastic surgeons in refinements in lower extremity free flap reconstructive surgery. The peroneal artery arose from the posterior tibial artery in 94% and directly from the popliteal artery in the absence of posterior tibial artery in 6%. The distance of origin of peroneal artery from the commencement of posterior tibial artery was varied from 2cms to 7.2 cms. In 8% of cases, the peroneal artery was enlarged in size and replaced the posterior tibial artery in the distal part of the leg. The information about the distance of origin of peroneal artery and its termination, replacement of posterior tibial artery by peroneal artery in the entire leg will alert the general and vascular surgeons because the peroneal artery is an important vessel to consider for use in limb revascularization and salvage in the absence of a suitable popliteal artery. Accessibility to the leg arteries is a critical factor in achieving successful revascularization. So, this study of posterior tibial artery, its branching pattern and variations will definitely be of use to the anatomists, and clinicians of the respective fields in the future

An Enhanced Entropy Approach to Detect and Prevent DDoS in Cloud Environment

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack launched in Cloud computing environment resulted in loss of sensitive information, Data corruption and even rarely lead to service shutdown. Entropy based DDoS mitigation approach analyzes the heuristic data and acts dynamically according to the traffic behavior to effectively segregate the characteristics of incoming traffic. Heuristic data helps in detecting the traffic condition to mitigate the flooding attack. Then, the traffic data is analyzed to distinguish legitimate and attack characteristics. An additional Trust mechanism has been deployed to differentiate legitimate and aggressive legitimate users. Hence, Goodput of Datacenter has been improved by detecting and mitigating the incoming traffic threats at each stage. Simulation results proved that the Enhanced Entropy approach behaves better at DDoS attack prone zones. Profit analysis also proved that the proposed mechanism is deployable at Datacenter for attack mitigation and resource protection which eventually results in beneficial service at slenderized revenu

Healthy Smiles for Employability Program Implementation

poster abstractThe Near Eastside (NES) Indianapolis community is subject to several negative social determinants of oral health, including low income, which can impede access to oral health care and put residents at a higher risk for oral health problems. The Indiana University School of Dentistry‘s (IUSD) Healthy Smiles for Employability (HSE) program aims to improve oral health, well-being, and employment outcomes in the NES and neighboring communities by providing dentures to low-income and uninsured residents and connecting them with local agencies that provide job assistance services. Program components of HSE include (1) program organization, (2) community engagement, (3) participant recruitment and enrollment, (4) dental and employment services, and (5) program evaluation. Eligible HSE candidates include individuals who are unemployed or underemployed (i.e. income below 200% federal poverty line), seeking to improve their job situation, and perceive the appearance of their teeth (i.e. missing front teeth) as a barrier for greater employment opportunities. Based on the Stages of Change model, HSE targets individuals in an “action” phase who are seeking employment and trying to improve their employment situation. Enrolled HSE participants receive non-denture dental services at the IUSD-Student Outreach Clinic located in the NES at HealthNet People’s Health and Dental Center and denture services at the IUSD Clinic. Collaboration with community organizations such John H. C. Boner Center, Wheeler Mission, People’s Health and Dental Center, and others serves as an immense asset to recruit HSE candidates, provide job advancement and retention services, social services and other essential resources to HSE participants. Ongoing program evaluation serves to increase program effectiveness and organization in order to support the success of HSE including its community partners and participants

Assessment of acquired immune response to Rhipicephalus appendiculatus tick infestation in different goat breeds

Changes in serum gamma globulin levels, numbers of replete female ticks and engorged tick mass were used as parameters to monitor the acquired immune response (antibody mediated immune response) elicited by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations. Three consecutive Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations were applied to South African Indigenous goats (Nguni), Saanen goats and cross-bred goats (Saanen goats crossed with South African Indigenous goats [Nguni]) under laboratory conditions. During the three consecutive Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult tick infestations the serum gamma globulin levels increased in all three breeds, whilst the mean replete female tick numbers and engorged tick mass decreased. Even though all three goat breeds exhibited an acquired immune response, the South African Indigenous goats (Nguni) response was significantly higher than that of the Saanen and cross-bred goats. However, the acquired immune response elicited by Saanen goats was significantly lower when compared with cross-bred goats.The Medunsa campus of the University of Limpopohttp://www.ojvr.orgam201

Study of water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic information systems: some design & other considerations in a village setting

Background & objectives: Availability of clean water and adequate sanitation facilities are of prime importance for limiting diarrhoeal diseases. We examined the water and sanitation facilities of a village in southern India using geographic information system (GIS) tools. Methods: Places of residence, water storage and distribution, sewage and places where people in the village defaecated were mapped and drinking water sources were tested for microbial contamination in Nelvoy village, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. Results: Water in the village was found to be microbiologically unfit for consumption. Analysis using direct observations supplemented by GIS maps revealed poor planning, poor engineering design and lack of policing of the water distribution system causing possible contamination of drinking water from sewage at multiple sites. Interpretation & conclusions: Until appropriate engineering designs for water supply and sewage disposal to suit individual village needs are made available, point-of-use water disinfection methods could serve as an interim solution

Controlled Release of Octreotide and Assessment of Peptide Acylation from Poly(D,L-lactide-co-hydroxymethyl glycolide) Compared to PLGA Microspheres

# The Author(s) 2011. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Purpose To investigate the in vitro release of octreotide acetate, a somatostatin agonist, from microspheres based on a hydrophilic polyester, poly(D,L-lactide-co-hydroxymethyl glycolide) (PLHMGA). Methods Spherical and non-porous octreotide-loaded PLHMGA microspheres (12 to 16 μm) and loading efficiency of 60–70% were prepared by a solvent evaporation. Octreotide release profiles were compared with commercial PLGA formulation (Sandostatin LAR ®); possible peptide modification with lactic, glycolic and hydroxymethyl glycolic acid units was monitored. Results PLHMGA microspheres showed burst release (~20%) followed by sustained release for 20–60 days, depending on the hydrophilicity of the polymer. Percentage of released loaded peptide was high (70–90%);>60 % of released peptide was native octreotide. PLGA microspheres did not show peptide release for the first 10 days, after which it was released in a sustained manner over the next 90 days;>75 % of released peptides were acylated adducts. Conclusions PLHMGA microspheres are promising controlled systems for peptides with excellent control over release kinetics. Moreover, substantially less peptide modification occurred in PLHMGA than in PLGA microspheres. KEY WORDS acylation. aliphatic polyester. controlle

Not Available

Not AvailableSocio-economic status is a major indicator of livelihood and the two crucial factors determining livelihood are poverty and income inequality. The present study assessed the livelihood status of fishermen operating fibre re-inforced plastic (FRP) boats (motorised) of 9-10 m LOA. Socio-economic status, including poverty and income inequality of fishermen, comprising both owners (FRPO) and labourers (FRPL) of FRP boats were estimated. The average daily per capita income earned by FRPO and FRPL were `1256 and `105 respectively. It was low for FRPL during low income level and was almost same as the poverty line described by World Bank ($1.25 per day). The Gini-coefficient revealed high level of income equality among the fishermen. The quintile income distribution of 20% of the richest and poorest indicate no inequality among the fishermen operating FRP boat.Not Availabl