Immune recovery vitritis

Introduction Immune recovery vitritis (IRV) is symptomatic vitritis of > 1+ severity associated with inactive cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. It is an opportunistic infection of the eye, in the patients who suffer from AIDS, and is treated with a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). As a result of this therapy, there is an immune reconstitution in the body and inflammation of the vitreous body. Objective The aim of the study was to show the incidence of IRV in patients treated with HAART. Method A retrospective study was conducted in patients who suffered from CMV retinitis. Twenty-one were treated with HAART and had the diagnosis of CMV retinitis, as well. All of them were examined by the same ophthalmologist who peformed slit lamp examination with mydriasis and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results Nine of 21 patients developed IRV as a complication of HAART, two had cystoid macular edema (CMO). Conclusion CMV retinitis develops when the number of CD4+ T lymphocytes drops below 50/mm3. This results in necrotic retinitis which, if untreated, leads to complete loss of vision. With the introduction of HAART, we learned that the reconstitution of immune status was achieved as well as life expectancy, but there was a dramatic decline in the opportunistic infection, including CMV retinitis, as well. With the immune reconstitution, the inflammation develops in the eye, known as IRV. Sometimes, it is necessary to treat this condition, but in the case of our patients, the inflammation was mild, and no treatment was necessary

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A Cu(II) COMPLEX WITH PYRIDOXAL S-METHYLISOTHIOSEMICARBAZONE (PLITSC) LIGAND

Reaction between a warm water mixture of pyridoxal hydrochloride (PL.HCl), and Smethyilisothiosemicarbazidehydroiodide (SMeTSC.HI) in the presence of Na2CO3 .10 H O, we got pyridoxal S-methylisothiosemicarbazone (PLITSC; H2L). Ligand with appropriate Cu salt is coordinated, to give next complex: dark-brown, penta coordinated, square-pyramidal structure, mono(ligand)complex Cu(II) formula, [Cu(PLITSC)Br(CH3OH)]Br.In this work is given synthesis and structure of the complex with Schiff-based ligand

INFOKRACIJA I POLITIČKA KOMUNIKACIJA

Internet, social networks and global media significantly change the socio- psychological model of democratic decision- making, since citizens more and more their own attitudes, believes and behavior patterns replace by media pictures. Willingness of individuals is breaking and reshaping, becoming the part of political reorganization, whereas the state with the invisible lash force them to be truly their own as they are unable to do that themselves. The power of thematization pushes into focus the interests, pro –active communication strategies direct public dialogue, and personalization blurs ideological interests. Instead of critical communication, masses are offered promising packages of filtered information, the attention is focused to goals of the rich and governing while political communication is hiding more than discovering. Analyzing increasingly noticeable role of media management, PRs and advertizing in the public sphere, the authors ascertain that digitalization increases separation between those who manage and those who are managed, and also political democracy gradually transforms into infokratiya which delegates sovereignty to citizens on communication centers.Internet, društvene mreže i globalni mediji bitno mijenjaju socijalno-psihološki model demokratskog odlučivanja, jer građani sve češće vlastite stavove, uvjerenja i obrasce ponašanja zamjenjuju medijskim slikama. Volja pojedinaca se lomi i preoblikuje, postajući dio političkog preuređenja, pri čemu ih država nevidljivim bičem prisiljava da budu istinski svoji kada to ne mogu sami. Moć tematiziranja izbija u fokus interesa, proaktivne komunikacijske strategije usmjeravaju javni dijalog, a personalizacija zamagljuje ideološke interese. Umjesto kritičkog komuniciranja masama se nude obećavajući paketi filtriranih informacija, pažnja se usmjerava ka ciljevima bogatih i vladajućih, dok politička komunikacija više skriva nego što otkriva. Analizirajući sve uočljiviju ulogu medijskog menadžmenta, PR-a i oglašavanja u javnoj sferi, autori zaključuju kako se sa digitalizacijom povećava podvojenost između onih koji upravljaju i onih kojima se upravlja, ali i da se politička demokracija postepeno transformira u infokratiju koja suverenitet građanina delegira na komunikacijske centre

Pharmacogenetics of antiretroviral drugs

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Images of the amphitheatre: Use of photogrammetry in excavations of the Viminacium amphitheatre

Fotogrametrijski metod predstavlja novinu u izradi arheološke dokumentacije. Iako je nastao sredinom XIX veka, do njegove značajnije upotrebe u arheologiji dolazi tek sa razvojem digitalne fotogrametrije tokom poslednjih decenija. U istraživanjima Viminacijuma, fotogrametrija je eksperimentalno primenjena 2012. godine prilikom iskopavanja amfiteatra. Uočene prednosti učinile su da navedeni metod postane standard u izradi dokumentacije na ovom lokalitetu. U radu je prikazano naše iskustvo sa upotrebom fotogrametrije u istraživanjima amfiteatra, odnosno, prednosti i mane ovog metoda, kao i moguća upotreba u prezentaciji kulturnog nasleđa. Čitav proces dokumentovanja arheoloških celina činili su prikupljanje podataka i njihova dalja obrada. Fotogrametrija se pokazala kao veoma pogodna za izradu tradicionalne 2D dokumentacije. Ovaj metod je znatno brži i objektivniji od tradicionalnih metoda, a omogućio je izradu detaljne i precizne dokumentacije čak i kod izrazito komplikovanih arheoloških celina, nezavisno od njihove veličine i veštine crtača. Rezultati snimanja predstavljeni su u okviru 3D modela. Oni nude niz prednosti u arhiviranju podataka i pri njihovoj analizi, a budući da su zasnovani na fotografijama, modeli sa teksturom su odlična opcija za vizualnu predstavu otkrivenih celina. Predstavljanje modela u obliku slika ili u video formatu, može se koristiti u prezentovanju istraženih celina i rezultata arheoloških iskopavanja, u naučne ili komercijalne svrhe. Na ovaj način fotogrametrija se čini veoma korisnom, jer omogućava vizuelizaciju kulturnog nasleđa, čineći ga vizuelno dopadljivim, ali i lakšim za razumevanje.Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining information about physical objects and the environment using 2D photographs. Recent technological advancements allowed the method to become accessible and quite valuable in the studies of cultural heritage. The method was introduced into the field procedures of archaeological research of Viminacium in 2012. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the usage of photogrammetry during investigations of the amphitheatre and to exemplify its applicability and benefits for future archaeological excavations. Based on our experience, the method proved to be easy to use and incorporate into existing procedures, especially as it was significantly faster and economical compared to the traditional documenting techniques. Obtained 3D models can fulfill various needs, from the creation of regular archaeological documentation to the visualization and presentation of the results of research

Opekarska delatnost VII Klaudijeve legije

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je opekarska delatnost VII Klaudijeve legije. Analizirano je 1.391 opeka sa žigom i grafitnim natpisom ove vojne jedinice sa arheoloških nalazišta Srbije, Hrvatske, Rumunije i Bugarske, kao i ostaci 9 ciglana iz Viminacijuma. Opšti cilj disertacije je doprinos boljem razumevanju opekarske delatnosti i organizacije VII Klaudijeve legije. Ovo je podrazumevalo utvrđivanje asortimana keramičkih građevinskih proizvoda VII Klaudijeve legije, njihovih morfoloških i morfometrijskih karakteristika, tehnoloških aspekata i sleda operacija njihove izrade (od izbora i karakteristika sirovina, preko tehnika njihove obrade, oblikovanja i obeležavanja, uključujući i alatke, do pečenja), lociranje mesta proizvodnje i određivanje prostorne organizacije ciglana i karakteristika i namene proizvodnih objekata i struktura. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da VII Klaudijeva legija primarno proizvodi oblike koji se češće koriste u građevini (besalis, lidion, tegule i imbreksi) i da su dimenzije opeka standardizovane, ali da postoje varijacije, kao i da se menjaju kroz vreme. Traseološka i komparativna analiza opeka su pokazale da su sled operacija, tehnike formiranja opeka i opekarske alatke uniformni na nivou Carstva, ali uz određena odstupanja. Arheometrijskim metodama utvrđeno je da su opeke pravljene od gline dobrog i generalno ujednačenog kvaliteta, ali da postoje određene oscilacije, dok temperatura pečenja uglavnom nije prelazila 800 (850) oC. Dodatno, utvrđeno je da su centri proizvodnje bili u Tilurijumu (Hrvatska), Racijariji (Bugarska) i Viminacijumu (Srbija), ali da se proizvodnja odvijala i na drugim lokalitetima – Boljetinu i Talijati. Konačno, istraživanje je pokazalo da ciglane VII legije pripadaju većim radionicama i da ih odlikuje organizovana proizvodnja i složeni prostorni raspored, ali da ne postoji pravilnost u prostornoj organizaciji, već da su organizovane na način koji pogoduje toku proizvodnje i lokalnim uslovima

LEPTIN: FROM APPETITE SUPPRESSION TO AUTOIMMUNITY

The hormone leptin is released by adipocytes accordingly to current energy stores to suppress appetite. Apart from this, leptin acts as a proinflammatory cytokine and strongly stimulates  inflammation. Immune-modulating properties are partly achieved by affecting T-cell maturation, polarization, and viability. Leptin rises inflammatory cells count, increases proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and impairs regulatory T-lymphocytes differentiation. Leptin secretion and signalization disturbances have recently started to be observed in the context of autoimmunity.  In this review, we discuss signaling pathways affected by the satiety hormone, its effect on T-lymphocyte maturation, differentiation and polarization, and relation to other immune-modulating agents. In the end, we highlight the rising evidence connecting hyperleptinemia state which is almost always related to obesity, with autoimmune disorders and take a brief overview of possible mechanisms behind leptin’s potency to induce self-reactivity

Production of ceramic building material in ancient Viminacium

The technology of brickmaking was introduced to the area of Viminacium by the Romans. The development and growth of the urban settlement in the 1st–4th century necessitated the need for huge quantities of construction materials. Large-scale production of ceramic building materials, which are often abbreviated to CBM, is attested both by the numerous finds of the material itself, as well as traces of the manufacturing process. More than 15 kilns and several structures used in the process were discovered in the vicinity of Viminacium. Still, the subject of Viminacium CBM production has only been modestly studied. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyse this production, namely the characteristics and organisation of its processes, based on the results of archaeological excavations and previously published research. To achieve this goal, we focused on the layout of the particular manufacturing sites, and the production process organisation, together with the necessary review of the characteristics of the found kilns and other structures used in the production process

Déjà-lu: When Orthographic Representations are Generated in the Absence of Orthography

Published on 12 Jan 2023When acquiring novel spoken words, English-speaking children generate preliminary orthographic representations even before seeing the words’ spellings (Wegener et al., 2018). Interestingly, these orthographic skeletons are generated even when novel words’ spellings are uncertain, at least in transparent languages like Spanish (Jevtović et al., 2022). Here we investigate whether this process depends on the orthographic rules of the language, and specifically, whether orthographic skeletons for words with uncertain spellings are generated even when the probability of generating an incorrect representation is high. Forty-six French adults first acquired novel words via aural instruction and were then presented with words’ spellings in a self-paced reading task. Importantly, novel words were presented in their unique (consistent words) or one of their two possible spellings (preferred and unpreferred inconsistent words). A significant reading advantage observed for aurally acquired words indicates that participants indeed generated orthographic representations before encountering novel words’ spellings. However, while no differences in reading times were found for aurally acquired words with unique and those presented in their preferred spellings, unpreferred spellings yielded significantly longer reading times. This shows that orthographic skeletons for words with multiple spellings were generated even in a language in which the risk of generating an incorrect representation is high. This finding raises a possibility that generating orthographic skeletons during spoken word learning may be beneficial. In line with this conclusion is the finding showing that – in interaction with good phonological short-term memory capacity – generating orthographic skeletons is linked to better word recall.This research was supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022–2025 program and by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010-S. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No: 819093 to CDM), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2020-113926GB-I00; PSI2017-82941-P to CDM) and the Basque Government (PIBA18_29 to CDM). The first author was supported by a predoctoral fellowship (associated with the project PSI2017 82941-P; Grant No: PRE-2018-083946) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the Fondo Social Europeo