ABO Blood Group. Related Investigations and Their Association with Defined Pathologies

The ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. Since then, scientists have speculated on an association between different pathologies and the ABO blood group system. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the significance between different blood types of the ABO blood group system and certain pathologies. We included 237 patients with known diagnosis, blood group, sex, and age in the study. As a statistical method, the Chi-square test was chosen. In some cases, a significant association between the blood groups and defined diseases could be determined. Carriers of blood group O suffered from ulcus ventriculi and gastritis (X21 = 78.629, p <0.001), colitis ulcerosa and duodenitis (X21 = 5.846, p < 0.016), whereas male patients carrying blood group A tended to contract different types of tumours. In patients with intestinal tumours, females with blood group A were more likely to develop the pathology, whereas in males, the blood group O dominated. The development of cholelithiasis was found, above all, in patients with blood group O, which differed from other research where a correlation between this pathology and blood group A was found

The brown adipocyte protein CIDEA promotes lipid droplet fusion via a phosphatidic acid-binding amphipathic helix

Maintenance of energy homeostasis depends on the highly regulated storage and release of triacylglycerol primarily in adipose tissue, and excessive storage is a feature of common metabolic disorders. CIDEA is a lipid droplet (LD)-protein enriched in brown adipocytes promoting the enlargement of LDs, which are dynamic, ubiquitous organelles specialized for storing neutral lipids. We demonstrate an essential role in this process for an amphipathic helix in CIDEA, which facilitates embedding in the LD phospholipid monolayer and binds phosphatidic acid (PA). LD pairs are docked by CIDEA trans-complexes through contributions of the N-terminal domain and a C-terminal dimerization region. These complexes, enriched at the LD–LD contact site, interact with the cone-shaped phospholipid PA and likely increase phospholipid barrier permeability, promoting LD fusion by transference of lipids. This physiological process is essential in adipocyte differentiation as well as serving to facilitate the tight coupling of lipolysis and lipogenesis in activated brown fat

The brown adipocyte protein CIDEA promotes lipid droplet fusion via a phosphatidic acid-binding amphipathic helix

Maintenance of energy homeostasis depends on the highly regulated storage and release of triacylglycerol primarily in adipose tissue, and excessive storage is a feature of common metabolic disorders. CIDEA is a lipid droplet (LD)-protein enriched in brown adipocytes promoting the enlargement of LDs, which are dynamic, ubiquitous organelles specialized for storing neutral lipids. We demonstrate an essential role in this process for an amphipathic helix in CIDEA, which facilitates embedding in the LD phospholipid monolayer and binds phosphatidic acid (PA). LD pairs are docked by CIDEA trans-complexes through contributions of the N-terminal domain and a C-terminal dimerization region. These complexes, enriched at the LD–LD contact site, interact with the cone-shaped phospholipid PA and likely increase phospholipid barrier permeability, promoting LD fusion by transference of lipids. This physiological process is essential in adipocyte differentiation as well as serving to facilitate the tight coupling of lipolysis and lipogenesis in activated brown fat

Disequilibrium, adaptation and the Norse settlement of Greenland

This research was supported by the University of Edinburgh ExEDE Doctoral Training Studentship and NSF grant numbers 1202692 and 1140106.There is increasing evidence to suggest that arctic cultures and ecosystems have followed non-linear responses to climate change. Norse Scandinavian farmers introduced agriculture to sub-arctic Greenland in the late tenth century, creating synanthropic landscapes and utilising seasonally abundant marine and terrestrial resources. Using a niche-construction framework and data from recent survey work, studies of diet, and regional-scale climate proxies we examine the potential mismatch between this imported agricultural niche and the constraints of the environment from the tenth to the fifteenth centuries. We argue that landscape modification conformed the Norse to a Scandinavian style of agriculture throughout settlement, structuring and limiting the efficacy of seasonal hunting strategies. Recent climate data provide evidence of sustained cooling from the mid thirteenth century and climate variation from the early fifteenth century. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Norse made incremental adjustments to the changing sub-arctic environment, but were limited by cultural adaptations made in past environments.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The Multiple-Reflection Time-of-Flight Isobar Separator for TITAN and Direct Mass Measurements at the FRS Ion Catcher

Highly accurate mass measurements of exotic nuclides are relevant for the investigation of the structure of the nucleus, the development of mass models and to understand and model astrophysical nucleosynthesis processes. Production, preparation and measurement methods for exotic nuclides are limited by isobaric contamination, required measurement time and number of produced particles. A new alternative to existing methods to circumvent these limitations exists: Multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MR-TOF-MS). In this thesis, a novel device for isobar separation and direct mass measurement at an ISOL facility will be presented as well as first direct mass measurements of an MR-TOF-MS at an in-flight facility. The TITAN MR-TOF-MS will produce isobarically clean beams, used as a complementary method for mass measurement of very short-lived nuclides and for optimization of the setup. The concept of the device will be presented as well as its design, commissioning and first results achieved in Germany and in Canada. A mass resolving power of 47,000 and a separation power of 14,000 have been reached. By doubling the kinetic energy to its design value and further optimization, a mass resolving power of 100,000 and a separation power of 50,000 will be reached. After its integration into the TITAN setup, the MR-TOF-MS will play an important role in experiments with exotic nuclides in the TITAN setup. Measurements of neutron rich cadmium isotopes are planned. Furthermore, the FRS Ion Catcher is described. As a pilot experiment for the low-energy branch of the Super-FRS of the future facility FAIR, the direct mass measurement of short-lived, heavy nuclides is presented. In the scope of this thesis, the masses of Fr-213 and Rn-213 were measured. This is the first direct mass measurement of Rn-213, a nuclide with a half-life of 19.5 ms. An accuracy of 10^-6 with just 27 measured particles has been achieved. With the developed data evaluation method and improvements in the electronics and settings of the system, accuracies of 3 x 10^-7 are in reach. Measurements on exotic nuclides are planned, findings from the performed measurement will be used to finalize the design of the instruments of the LEB.Hochpräzise Massenmessungen an exotischen Nukliden sind unter anderem wegen ihrer Beiträge zur Aufklärung der Struktur des Kerns, zur Entwicklung von Massenmodellen sowie zum Verständnis und zur Modellierung von astrophysikalischen Nukleosyntheseprozessen wichtig. Bisherige Produktions-, Präparations- und Messmethoden für exotische Nuklide sind durch isobare Kontamination, ihren Bedarf an Messzeit sowie Anzahl der produzierten Kerne limitiert. Neben vorhandenen Optionen zur Umgehung der Limitierungen existiert eine neue Option, Multireflexions Flugzeitmassenspektrometrie (MR-TOF-MS). Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein neuartiges Gerät zur Isobarenseparation und zur direkten Massenspektrometrie an einer ISOL Einrichtung präsentiert sowie die erste direkte Massenmessung mit einem MR-TOF-MS an einer In-Flight Einrichtung. Das TITAN MR-TOF-MS wird an ISAC des kanadischen TRIUMF zur Erzeugung von isobarenreinen Strahlen, als komplementäres Verfahren zur Massenmessung sehr kurzlebiger Nuklide und zur Optimierung des Aufbaus verwendet werden. Dargestellt werden das Konzept des Geräts sowie sein Aufbau, Inbetriebnahme und erste Ergebnisse in Deutschland und in Kanada. Bisher wurde ein Massenauflösungsvermögen (FWHM) von 47.000 sowie ein Separationsvermögen von 14.000 erreicht. Durch Verdopplung der kinetischen Energie auf den Designwert sowie weitere Optimierung wird eine Massenauflösung von 100.000 sowie ein Separationsvermögen von 50.000 erreicht werden. Nach seiner Integration in das TITAN System wird das MR-TOF-MS einen wichtigen Beitrag zu Experimenten mit exotischen Kernen an TITAN liefern. Unter anderem sind Messungen an neutronenreichen Cadmium Isotopen in Planung. Weiterhin wird der FRS Ion Catcher beschrieben. Als Pilotexperiment zum Nie-der-ener-gie-Zweig LEB des Super-FRS der im Aufbau befindlichen Beschleunigeranlage FAIR wird hier die Anwendung eines MR-TOF-MS zur direkten Massenmessung von kurzlebigen, schweren Nukliden gezeigt. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden die Massen von Fr-213 und Rn-213 gemessen, hierbei ist dies die erste direkte Massenmessung von Rn-213, einem Nuklid mit 19,5 ms Halbwertszeit. Erreicht wurde eine Genauigkeit von 1,2 x 10^-6 mit nur 27 gemessenen Teilchen. Mit der entwickelten Datenauswertungsmethode und Verbesserungen an Elektronik und Einstellungen sind Genauigkeiten von 3 x 10^-7 in Reichweite. Messungen an exotischen Nukliden sind geplant, ebenso werden die Erkenntnisse zur Finalisierung des Designs der LEB-Instrumente verwendet

ABO Blood group related investigations and their association with defined pathologies. Scientific world journal

The ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. Since then, scientists have speculated on an association between different pathologies and the ABO blood group system. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the significance between different blood types of the ABO blood group system and certain pathologies. We included 237 patients with known diagnosis, blood group, sex, and age in the study. As a statistical method, the Chi-square test was chosen. In some cases, a significant association between the blood groups and defined diseases could be determined. Carriers of blood group O suffered from ulcus ventriculi and gastritis (χ²1 = 78.629, p &lt; 0.001), colitis ulcerosa and duodenitis (χ²1 = 5.846, p &lt; 0.016), whereas male patients carrying blood group A tended to contract different types of tumours. In patients with intestinal tumours, females with blood group A were more likely to develop the pathology, whereas in males, the blood group O dominated. The development of cholelithiasis was found, above all, in patients with blood group O, which differed from other research where a correlation between this pathology and blood group A was found

ABO Blood group related investigations and their association with defined pathologies. Scientific world journal

The ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in 1901. Since then, scientists have speculated on an association between different pathologies and the ABO blood group system. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the significance between different blood types of the ABO blood group system and certain pathologies. We included 237 patients with known diagnosis, blood group, sex, and age in the study. As a statistical method, the Chi-square test was chosen. In some cases, a significant association between the blood groups and defined diseases could be determined. Carriers of blood group O suffered from ulcus ventriculi and gastritis (χ²1 = 78.629, p &lt; 0.001), colitis ulcerosa and duodenitis (χ²1 = 5.846, p &lt; 0.016), whereas male patients carrying blood group A tended to contract different types of tumours. In patients with intestinal tumours, females with blood group A were more likely to develop the pathology, whereas in males, the blood group O dominated. The development of cholelithiasis was found, above all, in patients with blood group O, which differed from other research where a correlation between this pathology and blood group A was found