Using Peer Discussion Facilitated by Clicker Questions in an Informal Education Setting : Enhancing Farmer Learning of Science

PLoS ONE, Vol. 7, No. 10Blueberry growers in Maine attend annual Cooperative Extension presentations given by university faculty members. These presentations cover topics, such as, how to prevent plant disease and monitor for insect pests. In 2012, in order to make the sessions more interactive and promote learning, clicker questions and peer discussion were incorporated into the presentations. Similar to what has been shown at the undergraduate level, after peer discussion, more blueberry growers gave correct answers to multiple-choice questions than when answering independently. Furthermore, because blueberry growers are characterized by diverse levels of education, experience in the field etc., we were able to determine whether demographic factors were associated with changes in performance after peer discussion. Taken together, our results suggest that clicker questions and peer discussion work equally well with adults from a variety of demographic backgrounds without disadvantaging a subset of the population and provide an important learning opportunity to the least formally educated members. Our results also indicate that clicker questions with peer discussion were viewed as a positive addition to university-related informal science education sessions

2018 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

ENTOMOLOGY PAGE 1. Pest biology and IPM, 2018 2. Biology of spotted wing drosophila, 2018 3. Biology of blueberries, beneficial insects, and pollinators, 2018 DISEASE MANAGEMENT 4. Research and control of leaf spot diseases, 2018 5. Research and control of mummy berry, 2018 WEED MANAGEMENT 6. Fall versus spring application of Zeus Prime XC for weed control in wild blueberry fields, 2016-18 – crop year results 7. Comparisons of pre-emergence applications of Zeus Prime XC and Rely 280 for weed control in wild blueberry fields – crop year results 8. Application timings of Rely 280 and Chateau for red sorrel control in wild blueberry fields, 2017-19 9. Combinations of pre-emergence Trellis SC with post-emergence Arrow for weed control in wild blueberry fields 10. Evaluation of spring Express application on control of bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) in wild blueberry fields 11. Evaluation of post-emergence Express application on control of target weeds in wild blueberry fields 12. Crop year application of Select Max for grass control in wild blueberry fields 13. Evaluation of Zeus Prime XC fall application for control of poison ivy in wild blueberry fields 14. Evaluation of post-emergence Mission application on control of fine leaf sheep fescue (Festuca filiformis) in wild blueberry fields EXTENSION 15. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2018 16. Lily Calderwood’s Wild Blueberry Extension Program in 201

Changes in Statin Adherence Following an Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Older Adults: Patient Predictors and the Association With Follow‐Up With Primary Care Providers and/or Cardiologists

BACKGROUND: Hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) are associated with changes in statin adherence. It is unclear to what extent adherence changes, which patients are likely to change, and how post-discharge follow-up is associated with statin adherence change. METHODS AND RESULTS: This retrospective study used Medicare data for all fee-for-service beneficiaries 66 years and older with an AMI hospitalization in 2008-2010 and statin use before their index AMI. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models (odds ratio [OR] and 99% confidence interval [CI]) were applied to assess associations between both patient characteristics and follow-up with a primary care provider and/or cardiologist with the outcome of statin adherence change (increase or decrease) from the 6-month pre- to 6-month post-AMI periods. Of 113 296 patients, 64.0% had no change in adherence, while 19.7% had increased and 16.3% had decreased adherence after AMI hospitalization. Black and Hispanic patients were more likely to have either increased or decreased adherence than white patients. Patients who required coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OR, 1.34; 99% CI, 1.21-1.49) or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/stent procedure (OR, 1.25; 99% CI, 1.17-1.32) during their index hospitalization were more likely to have increased adherence. Follow-up with a primary care provider was only mildly associated with increased adherence (OR, 1.08; 99% CI, 1.00-1.16), while follow-up with a cardiologist (OR, 1.15; 99% CI, 1.05-1.25) or both provider types (OR, 1.21; 99% CI, 1.12-1.30) had stronger associations with increased adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Post-AMI changes in statin adherence varied by patient characteristics, and improved adherence was associated with post-discharge follow-up care, particularly with a cardiologist or both a primary care provider and a cardiologist

2017 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

ENTOMOLOGY 1. Control tactics for blueberry pest insects, 2017 2. Pest biology and IPM, 2017 3. Biology of spotted wing drosophila, 2017 4. Biology of blueberry, beneficial insects, and blueberry pollination DISEASE MANAGEMENT 5. Research and control of leaf spot diseases 6. Research and control of mummy berry and Botrytis blossom blight WEED MANAGEMENT 7. Comparisons of Matrix and Callisto in combination with Matrix or Sinbar for weed control in wild blueberry fields, 2016 – 2017 crop year results 8. Pre-emergence and post-emergence applications of Zeus Prime XC for weed control in wild blueberry fields, 2016 – 2017 crop year results 9. Fall versus spring application of Zeus Prime XC for weed control in wild blueberry fields, 2016-17 10. Comparisons of pre-emergence applications of Zeus Prime XC and Rely 280 for weed control in wild blueberry fields 11. Evaluation of spring applications of herbicides targeting red sorrel in wild blueberry fields – 2016-17 – 2017 crop year results 12. Application timings of Rely 280 and Chateau for red sorrel control in wild blueberry fields, 2017-18 13. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 201

2013 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

The 2013 edition of the Wild Blueberry Project Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Development of effective intervention measures to maintain and improve food safety for wild blueberries 2. Do wild blueberries alleviate risk factors related to the Metabolic Syndrome? 3. Wild Blueberry consumption and exercise-induced Oxidative Stress: Inflammatory Response and DNA damage 4. Control tactics for blueberry pest insects, 2013 5. Pesticide residues on wild blueberry, 2013 6. Biology of pest insects and IPM, 2013 7. Biology of blueberry, beneficial insects, and blueberry pollination 8. Biology of spotted wing drosophila, 2013 9. Maine wild blueberry –mummy berry research and extension 10. Evaluation of fungicides for control of mummy berry on lowbush blueberry (2013) 11. Wild blueberry Extension Education Program in 2013 INPUT SYSTEMS STUDY: 12. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year Four of a four-year study – experimental design 13. Food safety- Prevalence study of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. on lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) 14. Agronomic input effects on sensory quality and chemical composition of wild Maine blueberries 15. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year four of a four-year study – reports from Frank Drummond 16. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 4 of a four-year study, disease management results 17. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year Four of a four-year study, weed management results 18. Phosphorus and organic matter interactions on short-range ordered minerals in acidic barren soils 19. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, preliminary economic comparison for 2012-13 20. Ancillary projects in disease research (ancillary study) 21. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production – Ancillary land-leveling study, Year Three of a four-year study (ancillary study) 22. Pre-emergent combinations of herbicides for weed control in wild blueberry fields – 2013 results from the 2012 trial (ancillary study) 23. Evaluation of herbicides for 2012 prune year control of fineleaf sheep fescue in wild blueberries – 2013 crop year results (ancillary study) 24. 2012 pre-emergence application timing and rate of Alion and Sandea in combination with Velpar or Sinbar – 2013 yields (ancillary study) 25. Pre-emergence Sinbar combinations for weed control in a non-crop wild blueberry field – 2012-2014 (ancillary study) 26. Evaluation of three pre-emergence herbicides alone and in combination with Velpar or Sinbar for effects on wild blueberry productivity and weed control (ancillary study) 27. Post-harvest control of red sorrel in a non-crop blueberry field, 2012-2014 (ancillary study) 28. Compost and mulch effects on soil health and nutrient dynamics in wild blueberry (ancillary study) 29. Evaluation of conventional and organic fertilizers on blueberry growth and yield (ancillary study

2011 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

The 2011 edition of the Wild Blueberry Project Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Mechanisms through which wild blueberries affect functional characteristics of the arterial wall related to endothelial dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats 2. Do wild blueberries affect high blood lipids, high blood glucose and obesity as related to the Metabolic Syndrome? 3. Control tactics for blueberry pest insects, 2011 4. IPM strategies, 2011 5. Biology and ecology of pest insects, 2011 6. Biology and ecology of beneficial insects, 2011 7. Pesticide residues on lowbush blueberry, 2011 8. Maine wild blueberry –mummy berry research and extension 9. Valdensinia leaf spot – Education, control and research – 2011 10. Effect of soil pH on nutrient uptake 11. Evaluation of several growth regulators for stimulating lowbush blueberry rhizome production 12. Evaluation of the effects of Gypsum (CaSO4) on wild blueberry fruit Ca concentration 13. Fall application of tribenuron methyl for bunchberry control in wild blueberries, 2009-2011 – effects of fall versus spring pruning on cover and yield in the crop year (final report) 14. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2011 INPUT SYSTEMS STUDY: 15. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 2 of a four-year study – experimental design 16. The effects of different agronomic practices on the composition and quality of wild blueberries 17. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 2 of a four-year study, blueberry quality from the first harvest year 18. Food safety- Prevalence study of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. on lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) 19. Abundance of insect pest species and natural enemies in lowbush blueberry fields maintained under different management practices 20. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 2 of a four-year study, disease management results 21. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 2 of a four-year study, weed management results 22. Systems approach to improving sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 1 of a four-year study, preliminary soil health and chemistry results 23. Management effects on the phosphorus chemistry of wild blueberry barrens soil 24. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, preliminary economic comparison 2010-2011 25. Transition to organic production Year 2: Evaluation of gypsum and bone char 26. The effect of field management, forest edge composition, and field location on insect-mediated ecosystem services (scavenging/predation) (ancillary study) 27. Pre-emergent combinations of herbicides for weed control in wild blueberry fields (ancillary study) 28. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production – Ancillary land-leveling study, year 1 (ancillary study) 29. Effects of compost and mulch on soil health and soil nutrient dynamics in wild blueberry (ancillary study

2016 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION1. Increasing the food safety margin of wild blueberries through improved intervention measures ENTOMOLOGY 2. Control tactics for blueberry pest insects, 2016 3. Pest biology and IPM, 2016 4. Biology of spotted wing drosophila, 2016 5. Biology of blueberry, bees, and blueberry pollination DISEASE MANAGEMENT 6. Research and control of leaf spot diseases 7. Research and control of mummy berry and Botrytis blossom blight 8. Lab and field studies of mummy berry and interactions between the fungus and bees WEED MANAGEMENT 9. Pre-emergence and post-emergence applications of Zeus Prime XC for weed control in wild blueberry fields, 2016 10. Comparisons of Matrix and Callisto in combination with Matrix or Sinbar for weed control in wild blueberry fields, 2016 11. Herbicide combinations with Sinbar WDG to assess efficacy on weed control in wild blueberry 12. Single vs split applications of post-emergent herbicides for spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) control in wild blueberry fields – crop year results 13. Comparison of multiple post-emergence Callisto applications for spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) control in wild blueberry fields 14. Evaluation of spring applications of herbicides targeting red sorrel in wild blueberry fields – crop year 2016 (final report, SCRI ancillary study) 15. Evaluation of spring applications of herbicides targeting red sorrel in wild blueberry fields, 2016-17 EXTENSION 16. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 201

2012 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

The 2012 edition of the Wild Blueberry Project Reports was prepared for the Wild Blueberry Commission of Maine and the Wild Blueberry Advisory Committee by researchers at the University of Maine, Orono. Projects in this report include: 1. Do wild blueberries alleviate risk factors related to the Metabolic Syndrome? 2. Development of effective intervention measures to maintain and improve food safety for wild blueberries 3. Control tactics for blueberry pest insects, 2012 4. Development and implementation of a wild blueberry thrips IPM program, 2012 5. IPM 6. Biology of blueberry and pest insects, 2012 7. Biology of beneficial insects and blueberry pollination, 2012 8. Pesticide residues on lowbush blueberry, 2012 9. Maine wild blueberry –mummy berry research and extension 10. Efficacy of Apogee growth regulator for stimulating rhizome growth into bare spots in wild blueberry fields 11. Velpar by Matrix pre and post-emergence applications - demonstration plots 12. Wild blueberry Extension Education Program in 2012 INPUT SYSTEMS STUDY: 13. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year Three of a four-year study – experimental design 14. Food safety- Prevalence study of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. on lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium) 15. Abundance of insect pest species and natural enemies in lowbush blueberry fields maintained under different management practices 16. Input Systems Study: Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 3 of a four-year study, disease management results 17. Plant productivity, Year Three of a four-year study 18. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year Three of a four-year study, weed management results 19. Effects of organic and conventional management systems on the phosphorus solubility of lowbush blueberry barren soils 20. Systems approach to improving sustainability of wild blueberry production – soil health and chemistry measures 21. Evaluation of fungicides for control of mummy berry disease (ancillary study) 22. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production – Ancillary land-leveling study, Year Two of a four-year study (ancillary study) 23. Pre-emergent combinations of herbicides for weed control in wild blueberry fields – 2012 results from the 2011 trial (ancillary study) 24. Pre-emergent combinations of herbicides for weed control in wild blueberry fields – 2012 trial (ancillary study) 25. Evaluation of herbicides for control of fineleaf sheep fescue for grass control in wild blueberries (ancillary study) 26. Pre-emergence application timing and rate of Alion and Sandea in combination with Velpar or Sinbar on weed control and injury to wild blueberry (ancillary study) 27. Compost and mulch effects on soil health and nutrient dynamics in wild blueberry (ancillary study

Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging of Low Galactic Latitude Fields: Technical Summary and Data Release

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) mosaic camera and telescope have obtained five-band optical-wavelength imaging near the Galactic plane outside of the nominal survey boundaries. These additional data were obtained during commissioning and subsequent testing of the SDSS observing system, and they provide unique wide-area imaging data in regions of high obscuration and star formation, including numerous young stellar objects, Herbig-Haro objects and young star clusters. Because these data are outside the Survey regions in the Galactic caps, they are not part of the standard SDSS data releases. This paper presents imaging data for 832 square degrees of sky (including repeats), in the star-forming regions of Orion, Taurus, and Cygnus. About 470 square degrees are now released to the public, with the remainder to follow at the time of SDSS Data Release 4. The public data in Orion include the star-forming region NGC 2068/NGC 2071/HH24 and a large part of Barnard's loop.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures (3 missing to save space), accepted by AJ, in press, see http://photo.astro.princeton.edu/oriondatarelease for data and paper with all figure

2015 Wild Blueberry Project Reports

FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION 1. Increasing the food safety margin of wild blueberries through improved intervention measures ENTOMOLOGY 2. Control tactics for blueberry pest insects, 2015 3. Pest biology and IPM, 2015 4. Biology of spotted wing drosophila, 2015 5. Biology of blueberry bees, and blueberry pollination DISEASE MANAGEMENT 6. Research and control of mummy berry disease 7. Evaluation of fungicides for control of mummy berry on lowbush blueberry (2015) 8. Evaluation of fungicides for control of leafspot on lowbush blueberry (2015) WEED MANAGEMENT 9. Single vs split applications of post-emergent herbicides for spreading dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) control in wild blueberry fields 10. Evaluation of fall applications of herbicides targeting horseweed in wild blueberry fields 11. Herbicide combinations with Sinbar and Grounded to assess efficacy on weed control in wild blueberry EXTENSION 12. Wild Blueberry Extension Education Program in 2015 INPUT SYSTEMS STUDY – SCRI GRANT PAGE 13. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year Six of a six-year study – experimental design 14. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year 6 15. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, 2015, Year 6 of a six-year study, disease management results 16. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, Year Six of a six-year study, weed management results 17. Systems approach to improving the sustainability of wild blueberry production, preliminary economic comparison for 2014-15 18. Ancillary projects in disease research (ancillary study) 19. Evaluation of fall and spring combinations of preemergence herbicides to prevent weed resistance in wild blueberry fields, 2013-15 (ancillary study) 20. Post-harvest control of red sorrel in a non-crop blueberry field, 2013-2015 - crop year evaluation (ancillary study) 21. Evaluation of spring applications of herbicides targeting red sorrel in wild blueberry fields (ancillary study