Possible models of local news provision by radio in Scotland – a mixed methods study

Scotland does not have any public service radio on a local level, except for a few bulletins or programmes offered by BBC Radio Scotland on an opt-out basis. Scottish commercial radio stations do cover local issues but within brief hourly news bulletins, without any in-depth coverage, while community radio by and large lacks resources for any news coverage of its own. Through a review of the existing literature on the role of media in democracy, and in particular the role of local radio, interviews with stakeholders and experts and history, and focus groups with ordinary people, the present study formulates several possible solutions for future local news provision by radio in Scotland

Unsteady Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Through a Porous Medium in a Horizontal Channel with an Inclined Magnetic Field

This paper investigates the unsteady flow and heat transfer of a viscous, incompressible, and electrically conducting fluid through a porous medium in a horizontal channel. The basic physical properties of the fluid and the porous medium are constant. The fluids considered are those with the Prandtl number less than 1. The channel walls are made of horizontal permeable plates, which are at constant but different temperatures. Fluid suction/injection through the plates occurs at a velocity perpendicular to the plates, whose intensity is a cosine function of time. The applied external magnetic field is homogeneous and inclined in relation to the transverse plane of the channel. The problem is dealt with through an inductionless approximation. Fluid flow is instigated by constant pressure drops along the channel. The equations used to describe the problem are transformed to dimensionless forms and solved analytically using the perturbation method. Approximate analytical expressions for dimensionless fluid flow velocity and dimensionless temperature are determined as functions of the following physical parameters: Prandtl number, Hartmann number, porosity factor, frequency, amplitude, and magnetic field inclination angle. Numerical results are presented as diagrams and tables and are used to analyse the influence of physical parameters on the fluid flow velocity and temperature

Malondialdehyde as an independent predictor of body mass index in adolescent girls

Background: Given the fact that the studies that examined oxidative stress in relation to obesity that included late adolescents are scarce and show inconclusive results we aimed to investigate a wide spectrum of nitro-oxidative stress biomarkers i.e., malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and nitric oxide products (NOx), as well as an antioxidative enzyme, i.e., catalase (CAT) in relation with obesity in the cohort of adolescent girls ages between 16 and 19 years old. Methods: A total of 59 teenage girls were included in this cross-sectional study. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine possible associations between biochemical and nitro-oxidative stress markers and body mass index (BMI). Results: There were not significant differences between oxidative stress markers between normal weight and overweight/obese girls (i.e., AOPP, XOD, XO, XDH) and CAT, except for MDA (p<0.001) and NOx (p=0.010) concentrations which were significantly higher in overweight/obese adolescent girls. Positive associations were evident between BMI and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (OR=2.495), BMI and uric acid (OR=1.024) and BMI and MDA (OR=1.062). Multivariable binary regression analysis demonstrated significant independent associations of BMI and hsCRP (OR=2.150) and BMI and MDA (OR=1.105). Even 76.3% of the variation in BMI could be explained with this Model. Conclusions: Inflammation (as measured with hsCRP) and oxidative stress (as determined with MDA) independently correlated with BMI in teenage girls

Mogućnosti upotrebe džibre iz proizvodnje bioetanola na različitim supstratima

Stillage is a main by-product of the bioethanol industry and, depending on the origin of substrates for bioethanol production, it can be a significant pollutant affecting the profitability of bioethanol production. Directing the stillage towards the production of bio-based chemicals or high-quality feed is a preferred stra- tegy. In this paper, a complete utilization of stillages of different origins was assessed. Thin stillages from bioethanol production from molasses, wasted bread and corn were chemically characterized, evaluated and compared as substrates for lactic acid (LA) and probiotic biomass production by Lactobacil- lus rhamnosus ATCC 7469, while solid fractions of wasted bread and corn stil- lages were analyzed for feed. The impact of pH control using CaCO 3 or NaOH was also examined, both in terms of LA production and valorization of the remains generated in each process.A maximal LA productivity of 1.14 g/(L h) was obtained on thin wasted bread stillage with pH control by NaOH while the number of viable probiotic bacterial cells was above 109 CFU/mL. The com- position of the solid fraction of the wasted bread stillage was complementary with the needs of monogastric animals, while the solid fraction of corn stillage was more adequate for the nutritional requirements of ruminants.Džibra je najznačajniji otpadni ili sporedni proizvod industrije bioetanola. U zavisnosti od porekla supstrata koji se koriste u proizvodnji bioetanola, može biti značajan zagađivač, pa utiče na profitabilnost proizvodnje bioetanola. Upotreba džibre u biotehnološkim postupcima proizvodnje hemikalija ili visoko vredne stočne hrane je poželjna strategija za smanjenje negativnih efekata džibre na životnu sredinu i profitabilnost proizvodn je bioetanola. U ovom radu je analizirana mogućnost kompletnog iskorišćenja džibre. Tečne džibre iz proizvodnje bioetanola na melasi, otpadnom hlebu i kukuruzu su hemijski okarakterisane i upoređene kao supstrati za proizvodnju mlečne kiseline (MK) i probiotske biomase soja Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469, dok je čvrsti ostatak hlebne i kukuruzne džibre analiziran kao hrana za životinje. Takođe je ispitan uticaj pH kontrole pomoću CaCO3 ili NaOH sa aspekta proizvodnje MK i sa aspekta iskorišćenja ostataka iz oba procesa. Maksimalna produktivnost MK od 1,14 g/(L h) je dobijena na tečnoj džibri iz otpadnog hleba sa pH kontorolom pomoću NaOH, dok je broj živih pro- biotskih bakterija bio preko 10 9 CFU/mL. Rezultati su pokazali da je sastav čvrste frak- cije otpadne hlebne džibre komplementaran sa potrebama monogastričnih životinja, dok sastav čvrste frakcije kukuruzne džibre više odgovara nutritivnim potrebama preživara

Anthropometric study of the facial index in the population of Central Serbia

The aim of this study was to determine the craniofacial parameters in the population of the central part of Serbia. The research was conducted on 700 persons (360 males and 340 females), aged 18-65 years, selected randomly. The measured parameters were morphological facial height and breadth. The standard spreading caliper with scale was used for the measurement of facial parameters. There were significant differences in the facial parameters of male compared to female subjects in all observed parameters. The mean value of the morphological facial height in the study population was 116.8 mm ± 7.28, maximum facial breadth 124.12 mm ± 8.44, while the mean value of the total facial index was 93.68 ± 6.86. The total facial index was calculated according to the formula and the obtained results were analyzed statistically using the t-test. The dominant phenotype in the studied population was leptoprosopic. The data obtained in our study may be useful in anthropological research, forensics, genetic research, as well as in medical clinical practice

SKIP is required for TGF-beta 1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition and migration in transformed keratinocytes

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) potently induces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during tumoral progression. Although Sky-interacting protein (SKIP) regulates TGF-beta 1-induced Smad activation, its role in the induction of cell malignance remains uncertain. We found that TGF-beta 1 increases SKIP expression in PDV cells. In cells stably transfected with SKIP antisense, AS-S, Smad3 activation decreased, along with an inhibition of TGF-beta 1-induced EMT, and the cells were sensitized to the TGF-beta 1-dependent inhibition of proliferation. Also, AS-S cells showed a weaker migration and invasion response. Moreover, TGF-beta 1-induced urokinase-type plasminogen activator expression was inhibited, concomitantly with a TGF-beta 1-independent increment of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 expression. Thus, these results suggest that SKIP is required for EMT and invasiveness induced by TGF-beta 1 in transformed cells

Challenges for public service radio in small nations: lessons from Scotland

Scotland does not have any public service radio on a local level, except for a few bulletins or programmes offered by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Radio Scotland on an opt-out basis. Scottish commercial radio stations do cover local issues, but only in the form of brief hourly news bulletins without any in- depth coverage. By neglecting local news, BBC Scotland fails to meet one of its key obligations as a public service broadcaster – universality of content. Through a review of the existing literature on the role of media in democracy – and in particular the role of local radio – interviews with academics whose expertise lies in the fields of media policy and regulation, and focus groups with members of the public, this study formulates proposals on how to achieve universality in this key area of news provision in Scotland