Analisis Debit Banjir Dan Tinggi Muka Air Banjir Sungai Sario Di Titik Kawasan Citraland

Sungai Sario adalah salah satu sungai di kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara, bermuara di Teluk Manado, memiliki panjang kurang lebih 15 km, dan merupakan salah satu sungai yang rawan terhadap banjir. Sungai ini melintasi kawasan Perumahan Citraland dan pernah terjadi banjir di kawasan Perumahan ini akibat luapan air sungai Sario. Analisis curah hujan rencana dihitung dengan menggunakan metode Log Pearson III. Untuk menghitung debit banjir sungai Sario di titik kawasan Citraland ini digunakan data curah hujan di stasiun Winangun dan stasiun Tinoor dengan periode pencatatan tahun 1996 s/d 2015. Untuk perhitungan debit banjir menggunakan program HEC-HMS dan untuk perhitungan tinggi muka air menggunakan program HEC-RAS.Dari hasil analisis, debit banjir rencana dengan berbagai kala ulang menggunakan program HEC-HMS memberikan hasil yang beragam. Dan untuk hasil tinggi muka air yang menggunakan program HEC-RAS pada kala ulang 5 tahun tidak ada air yang meluap di setiap titik, kala ulang 10 tahun air yang meluap pada titik P72, P73, dan P74, kala ulang 50 tahun dan 100 tahun air yang meluap pada titik P72, P73, P74, P75, P76, dan P77

USE OF MOLECULAR MODELING TO DETERMINE THE INTERACTION AND COMPETITION OF GASES WITHIN COAL FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION

We have made progress in carrying out large scale molecular dynamics simulations using the CHARMM force field in order to refine our coal/guest interactions. There have been two issues facing us over the last year. First, we have had to create a completely new topology and parameter definition for coal. Since we are using a classical force field, we have adopted the strategy of treating coal composed of individual common fragments based upon a distribution of mass, composition, and bonding. Our procedure is similar to treating a protein as being composed of the discrete set of amino acids. Second, we have had to incorporate the quality CO{sub 2} parameters that we have developed over the last two years. There are the geometric and arithmetic procedures, which we have successfully implemented. We have utilized computational molecular modeling to generate a state-of-the-art large scale structural representation of a bituminous coal of low volatile bituminous rank. This structure(s) has been used to investigate the molecular forces between the bituminous coal structure (or idealized pores) and the molecular species CH{sub 4} and CO{sub 2}. We are close to carrying out molecular dynamics simulations, which will allow us to explore and test the newly created model of coal

Secondary Natural Gas Recovery: Reservoir Heterogeneity and Potential for Reserve Growth through Infield Drilling: An Example from McAllen Ranch Field, Hidalgo County, Texas

Integrated engineering, geological, geophysical, and petrophysical analyses of McAllen Ranch field have delineated several controls on secondary recovery of natural gas. Barriers to the flow of natural gas within laterally continuous lower Vicksburg sandstone reservoirs can be demonstrated through finite-element modeling. These barriers are probably diagenetic in origin. In the B area of McAllen Ranch field, faults are unlikely to be the primary barriers to gas flow because faults were not inferred from analysis of high-quality three-dimensional seismic images between the key wells used in this study (Hill and others, 1991). Barriers result in incremental reserve additions when some reservoir domains contain no well completions. Areas containing potential incremental gas resources, identified through this analysis, were confirmed by subsequent recompletions in 1991. Three recompletions proposed by this project have proved successful. Our analysis of public domain production data indicates that new infield wells in the Vicksburg S reservoir have increased reserves 69 percent above an estimate made from analysis of 1980 public domain data. Additionally, more than 100 barrels per day of reserves has been added through new wells drilled between 1988 and 1991. Most of the McAllen Ranch Vicksburg S reserve increases are due to a geological reinterpretation that has stimulated infield step-out development of the Vicksburg S reservoir. Distributary-channel-fill sandstones are the most likely candidates to contain incremental reserves because they are laterally discontinuous and are predominant in areas where numerous reservoir sandstones are stacked.Bureau of Economic Geolog

ANALISIS DATA PASANG SURUT DI PANTAI SINDULANG KOTA MANADO

Pantai Sindulang merupakan salah satu pantai di kota Manado yang direncanakan pemerintah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara untuk dijadikan area proyek  reklamasi sebagai salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam pengembangan kota. Proyek reklamasi merupakan perencanaan besar maka perlu dilakukan analisis sebab pada kenyataannya setiap pantai memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Pasang surut merupakan salah satu yang perlu dianalisis terlebih dahulu karena memiliki berbagai jenis atau kondisi yang berbeda-beda pada setiap wilayah pantai juga sebagai acuan dari penentuan tingginya elevasi lahan yang akan direklamasi. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan tujuan menentukan komponen, tipe pasang surut, dan elevasi muka air laut yang terjadi pada Pantai Sindulang Kota Manado  menggunakan metode Admiralty dengan data 29 hari pengamatan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh tipe pasang surut di Pantai Sindulang adalah Campuran Condong ke Harian Ganda (Mixed Tide Prevailing Semidiurnal) dengan nilai 0 < F < 2.5 dimana F = 0.180. Kata kunci:  Pantai, Sindulang, Pasang Surut, metode Admiralt

Broad Specificity Profiling of TALENs Results in Engineered Nucleases With Improved DNA Cleavage Specificity

Although transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) can be designed to cleave chosen DNA sequences, TALENs have been shown to have activity against related off-target sequences. To better understand TALEN specificity and engineer TALENs with improved specificity, we profiled 30 unique TALENs with varying target sites, array length, and domain sequences for their ability to cleave any of 1012 potential off-target DNA sequences using in vitro selection and high-throughput sequencing. Computational analysis of the selection results predicted 76 off-target substrates in the human genome, 16 of which were accessible and modified by TALENs in human cells. The results collectively suggest that (i) TALE repeats bind DNA relatively independently; (ii) longer TALENs are more tolerant of mismatches, yet are more specific in a genomic context; and (iii) excessive DNA-binding energy can lead to reduced TALEN specificity in cells. Based on these findings, we engineered a TALEN variant, Q3, that exhibits equal on-target cleavage activity but 10-fold lower average off-target activity in human cells. Our results demonstrate that identifying and mutating residues that contribute to non-specific DNA-binding can yield genome editing reagents with improved DNA specificities

Direct evidence for the amorphous silicon phase in visible photoluminescent porous silicon

Article on direct evidence for the amorphous silicon phase in visible photoluminescent porous silicon

Plasma Dynamics

Contains reports on four research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant GK-37979X)U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (Contract AT(11-1)-3070

Intravital FRAP imaging using an E-cadherin-GFP mouse reveals disease- and drug-dependent dynamic regulation of cell-cell junctions in live tissue

E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell junctions play a prominent role in maintaining the epithelial architecture. The disruption or deregulation of these adhesions in cancer can lead to the collapse of tumor epithelia that precedes invasion and subsequent metastasis. Here we generated an E-cadherin-GFP mouse that enables intravital photobleaching and quantification of E-cadherin mobility in live tissue without affecting normal biology. We demonstrate the broad applications of this mouse by examining E-cadherin regulation in multiple tissues, including mammary, brain, liver, and kidney tissue, while specifically monitoring E-cadherin mobility during disease progression in the pancreas. We assess E-cadherin stability in native pancreatic tissue upon genetic manipulation involving Kras and p53 or in response to anti-invasive drug treatment and gain insights into the dynamic remodeling of E-cadherin during in situ cancer progression. FRAP in the E-cadherin-GFP mouse, therefore, promises to be a valuable tool to fundamentally expand our understanding of E-cadherin-mediated events in native microenvironments

Interleukin 7 from Maternal Milk Crosses the Intestinal Barrier and Modulates T- Cell Development in Offspring

Background Breastfeeding protects against illnesses and death in hazardous environments, an effect partly mediated by improved immune function. One hypothesis suggests that factors within milk supplement the inadequate immune response of the offspring, but this has not been able to account for a series of observations showing that factors within maternally derived milk may supplement the development of the immune system through a direct effect on the primary lymphoid organs. In a previous human study we reported evidence suggesting a link between IL-7 in breast milk and the thymic output of infants. Here we report evidence in mice of direct action of maternally-derived IL-7 on T cell development in the offspring. Methods and Findings  We have used recombinant IL-7 labelled with a fluorescent dye to trace the movement in live mice of IL-7 from the stomach across the gut and into the lymphoid tissues. To validate the functional ability of maternally derived IL- 7 we cross fostered IL-7 knock-out mice onto normal wild type mothers. Subsets of thymocytes and populations of peripheral T cells were significantly higher than those found in knock-out mice receiving milk from IL-7 knock-out mothers. Conclusions/Significance Our study provides direct evidence that interleukin 7, a factor which is critical in the development of T lymphocytes, when maternally derived can transfer across the intestine of the offspring, increase T cell production in the thymus and support the survival of T cells in the peripheral secondary lymphoid tissue

A phase I trial of the γ-secretase inhibitor MK-0752 in combination with gemcitabine in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The Notch pathway is frequently activated in cancer. Pathway inhibition by γ-secretase inhibitors has been shown to be effective in pre-clinical models of pancreatic cancer, in combination with gemcitabine. METHODS: A multi-centre, non-randomised Bayesian adaptive design study of MK-0752, administered per os weekly, in combination with gemcitabine administered intravenously on days 1, 8 and 15 (28 day cycle) at 800 or 1000 mg m-2, was performed to determine the safety of combination treatment and the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary and tertiary objectives included tumour response, plasma and tumour MK-0752 concentration, and inhibition of the Notch pathway in hair follicles and tumour. RESULTS: Overall, 44 eligible patients (performance status 0 or 1 with adequate organ function) received gemcitabine and MK-0752 as first or second line treatment for pancreatic cancer. RP2Ds of MK-0752 and gemcitabine as single agents could be combined safely. The Bayesian algorithm allowed further dose escalation, but pharmacokinetic analysis showed no increase in MK-0752 AUC (area under the curve) beyond 1800 mg once weekly. Tumour response evaluation was available in 19 patients; 13 achieved stable disease and 1 patient achieved a confirmed partial response. CONCLUSIONS: Gemcitabine and a γ-secretase inhibitor (MK-0752) can be combined at their full, single-agent RP2Ds