O LEGADO DA ESCOLA DO RECIFE PARA A FORMAÇÃO DOS CURSOS JURÍDICOS NO BRASIL E SUAS CRÍTICAS.

O presente artigo parte da premissa de que a Escola do Recife desempenhou um papel significante na fundação da crítica jurídica e exerceu uma forte influência para juristas do país todo. Pretende-se, portanto, descrever sobre o que foi o movimento crítico do surto de novas ideias proposto pela Escola do Recife, ao passo que, fornecer um panorama geral da formação dos outros cursos jurídicos no Brasil que foram influenciados pelos professores de Recife, seja na continuidade das ideias jurídicas, seja pelo fato terem estudado durante o período de efervescência da produção crítica

Numerical analysis of the influence of empty channels design on performance of resin flow in a porous plate

This numerical study aims to investigate the influence of I and T-shaped empty channels’ geometry on the filling time of resin in a rectangular porous enclosed mold, mimicking the main operating principle of a liquid resin infusion (LRI) process. Geometrical optimization was conducted with the constructal design (CD) and exhaustive search (ES) methods. The problem was subjected to two constraints (areas of porous mold and empty channels). In addition, the I and T-shaped channels were subjected to one and three degrees of freedom (DOF), respectively. Conservation equations of mass and momentum for modeling of resin/air mixture flow were numerically solved with the finite volume method (FVM). Interaction between the phases was considered with the volume of fluid method (VOF), and the effect of porous medium resistance in the resin flow was calculated with Darcy’s law. For the studied conditions, the best T-shaped configuration resulted in a filling time nearly three times lower than that for optimal I-shaped geometry, showing that the complexity of the channels benefited the performance. Moreover, the best T-shaped configurations were achieved for long single and bifurcated branches, except for configurations with skinny channels, which saw the generation of permanent voids

The insertion of the pesticide theme in science teaching research in Brazil

Os agrotóxicos são substâncias usadas no controle de pragas e doenças de plantas, dispersas no ar, água, solo e alimentos, que afetam o ambiente e saúde dos seres vivos. As escolas e as universidades são espaços para ensino e apropriação dos conceitos científicos relacionados aos agrotóxicos. Buscou-se analisar e sistematizar as pesquisas sobre Agrotóxicos no Ensino de Ciências, publicadas de 2008 a 2018, na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES, na Scientific Electronic Library online, no Google Acadêmico, na Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, na Revista Ciências & Ideias, na Revista Electrónica Enseñanza de las Ciências e nos anais do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências. Esta investigação é de natureza quali-quantitativa, do tipo bibliográfica. Para as buscas, utilizaram-se os descritores “Agrotóxicos” e “Agrotóxicos AND Ensino”, aplicando-os ao título, resumo e palavras-chave. Foram encontrados cerca de 25000 trabalhos, com o descritor Agrotóxicos, dos quais 60 foram elegíveis para este estudo, por tratarem do ensino. A disciplina de Química foi abordada em 24 textos. O Ensino Médio, prevaleceu, constando em 37 dos trabalhos. Os instrumentos mais utilizados pelos pesquisadores nessas produções foram: questionários, entrevistas, diário de campo, observação, sequência didática, resolução de problemas e os três momentos pedagógicos. O Ensino e Aprendizagem foi o foco mais evidente, perfazendo 61% dos textos. O ano de 2016 foi o que representou maior número de produções envolvendo o tema Agrotóxicos, publicadas em periódicos e eventos científicos e encontradas no Google Acadêmico.Pesticides are substances used for pests and plant diseases control, dispersed in the air, water, soil and food, affecting the environment and health of living beings. The school is a place for teaching and appropriation of scientific concepts related to pesticides. We sought to analyze and systematize the research on Pesticides in Science Education, published from 2008 to 2018, in the Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations from CAPES, in Scientific Electronic Library online, in Google Scholar, in the Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências, in the Revista Ciências e Ideias, in the Revista Electrónica Enseñanza de las Ciências, and in the Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências. The study is of a qualitative and quantitative nature, of the bibliographic type. For the searches, the descriptors "Pesticides" and "Pesticide AND education" were used, applying them to the title, abstract, and keyword. About 25000 works were found with the “Pesticide” descriptor, of which only 60 were selected for this study, as they deal with teaching. Chemistry was covered in 24 texts. As for the level of education, high school prevailed, comprising 37 of the works. The research instruments most used were: Questionnaires, Interviews, Field Diary, Observation, Didactic Sequence, Problem Solving, Three Pedagogical Moments. Teaching and Learning was the most evident focus, making up 61% of the texts. The year of 2016 was the one that represented the largest number of productions involving the theme Pesticides, published in journals and scientific events and found on Google Scholar

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Rainfall Partitioning in Amazon Forest: Implications of Reduced Impact Logging on Litter Water Conservation

This study aimed to investigate how sustainable forest management can affect litter hydrological properties. We investigated the net precipitation, litter mass, water-holding capacity, effective water-holding and retention capacity, maximum water retention and water content in unlogged and logged forests over 13 months in the Amazon Forest, where reduced-impact logging is allowed. The mean litter mass was similar for unlogged and logged forests. The litter water-holding capacity was 220% for unlogged and 224% for logged forests, and for fractions followed: unstructured > leaves > seeds > branches for both forests. The effective water-holding capacity was 48.7% and 49.3% for unlogged and logged, respectively, and the effective water retention was 10.3 t·ha−1 for both forests. The effective water retention in the rainy and dry seasons accounted for 12.5 t ha−1 and 7.2 t ha−1 for unlogged and logged, respectively. The maximum water retention was slightly greater for logged forests (16.7 t ha−1) than unlogged (16.3 t ha−1). The litter water content had 40% less water in the dry season than in the rainy in both forests. In general, there were no significant differences in litter storage and hydrological properties between stands. This suggests that reduced-impact logging did not significantly affect the hydrological dynamics of the litter layer in the Amazonian forests studied

Hydrological Properties of Litter in Different Vegetation Types: Implications for Ecosystem Functioning

This study investigated the hydrological properties of litter in different vegetation cover types, including Eucalyptus sp. plantation, Agroforestry, and Restoration Forest. The research focused on evaluating litter accumulation, composition, water holding capacity, and effective water retention. The results revealed variations in litter accumulation among the stands, and especially Eucalyptus sp., which had a higher proportion of branches compared to leaves. The water holding capacity of the litter differed among the stands. Agroforest and Restoration Forest showed higher litter water capacities than Eucalyptus sp. The composition and decomposition stage of the litter fractions influenced their water retention capabilities, with leaves exhibiting superior water retention. In contrast, branches had lower water absorption due to their hydrophobic nature. Despite these differences, the effective water retention, which indicates the ability of litter to intercept precipitation, was similar among the stands. The findings highlight the importance of considering litter composition and species-specific characteristics in understanding the hydrological functions of litter. This knowledge contributes to effective conservation and management strategies for sustainable land use practices and water resource management. Further research is recommended to expand the study’s scope to include a wider range of forest types and natural field conditions, providing a more comprehensive understanding of litter hydrological functions and their implications for ecosystem processes