Insectes des Bâtiments d’élevages avicoles des fermes de Bingerville, Côte d’Ivoire : Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

This study was conducted in two sides of Bingerville (Abatta and Anna) in southern Côte d'Ivoire. The objective was to inventory the entomofauna of poultry farms in order to verify the presence of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebionidae) in Côte d'Ivoire. It also aimed to establish correlation between Alphitobius diaperinus density in livestock buildings and the loss on poultry production. Thirty (30) poultry buildings were investigated during 3 months. A survey questionnaire on farm characteristics, diseases and mortality was submitted to farmers. The poultry litter was collected, transported to the laboratory and excavated. Insects were determined and counted. A total of 19661 insects were collected on both sites. Alphitobius diaperinus accounts for 96.63% of collected insects. The statistical comparison showed that A. diaperinus is the most representative insect (P <0.0001). This insect is unevenly distributed in chicken farms (n = 89, F = 3.67, and P ˂ 0.00001). Out of 18998 Alphitobius diaperinus collected, a total of 14362 (75.60%) were recorded in the column of feeders and waterers, and only, 4636 (24.40%) off feeders and waterers’. The study also revealed a strong correlation (R = +0.88) between the density of A diaperinus and the loss on chicken production due to avian diseases such as Gumboro, Newcastle, and Mareck. This insect is suspected to be the vector of these aggressive diseases of poultry. Our results reveal for the first time, the effective presence of Alphitobius diaperinus in poultry farms in Côte d'Ivoire

INSECTS IN THE COMMODITIES STORED IN THE ABIDJAN PORT AUTHORITY AND THE RISKS OF ACCIDENTAL INTRODUCTION OF NEW SPECIES IN COTE D’IVOIRE

The inventory and the identification of the insects in the commodities stocked at the abidjan port authority (apa), one of the most popular in west africa, have been carried out in order to know the flow of insect fauna in the inbound and outbound farm products. Three (3) kilogramme samples have been selected and kept in polypropylene bags and labelled. In order to identify the insects, the selected sample has been poured into a sieve exposed to a 100 watt lamp to incite the insect to come out of the grains. The insects have been selected and examined by means of a magnifying glass in the insectary of the laboratory of zoology and animal biology of félix houphouët-boigny university. Overall, 924 insects were inventoried. They were of three natures (coleoptera, lepidoptera and heteroptera). The coleoptera were 985 individuals; they are predominant with 11 families encompassing 15 species. The lepidoptera that have been listed represent 18 individuals and grouped into 2 families and consist of 3 species. Then, the heteroptera composed of 33 individuals within the same family and represented by only one species. At the export, a total of 924 have been recorded with a slight predominance of coleoptera (95.1%), followed by the heteroptera (3.1%) then the lepidoptera (1.7%). By the time of export, the proportion of coleoptera recorded was 91.04%. The insects in all the inbound commodities such as s. Ozyzae (linné) curculionidae, s. Zeamais (motchulsky) curculionidae, s. Cerealella (oliver) gelechiidae, p. Flavipes (review) anthocoridae, have been noted, thus confirming the potential risks of introducing new species in the commercial exchanges

INSECTS IN THE COMMODITIES STORED IN THE ABIDJAN PORT AUTHORITY AND THE RISKS OF ACCIDENTAL INTRODUCTION OF NEW SPECIES IN COTE D’IVOIRE

The inventory and the identification of the insects in the commodities stocked at the abidjan port authority (apa), one of the most popular in west africa, have been carried out in order to know the flow of insect fauna in the inbound and outbound farm products. Three (3) kilogramme samples have been selected and kept in polypropylene bags and labelled. In order to identify the insects, the selected sample has been poured into a sieve exposed to a 100 watt lamp to incite the insect to come out of the grains. The insects have been selected and examined by means of a magnifying glass in the insectary of the laboratory of zoology and animal biology of félix houphouët-boigny university. Overall, 924 insects were inventoried. They were of three natures (coleoptera, lepidoptera and heteroptera). The coleoptera were 985 individuals; they are predominant with 11 families encompassing 15 species. The lepidoptera that have been listed represent 18 individuals and grouped into 2 families and consist of 3 species. Then, the heteroptera composed of 33 individuals within the same family and represented by only one species. At the export, a total of 924 have been recorded with a slight predominance of coleoptera (95.1%), followed by the heteroptera (3.1%) then the lepidoptera (1.7%). By the time of export, the proportion of coleoptera recorded was 91.04%. The insects in all the inbound commodities such as s. Ozyzae (linné) curculionidae, s. Zeamais (motchulsky) curculionidae, s. Cerealella (oliver) gelechiidae, p. Flavipes (review) anthocoridae, have been noted, thus confirming the potential risks of introducing new species in the commercial exchanges

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND DENSITY OF TERMITE MOUNDS IN A PROTECTED HABITAT IN THE SOUTH OF COTE D’IVOIRE: CASE OF NATIONAL FLORISTIC CENTER (CNF) OF UFHB OF ABIDJAN

The spatial distribution and termite mounds density and their activity were studies in order to assess to the biological restoration level in a protected area, knowing that termites are considered as tropical ecosystem engineers. The CNF area was subdivided into 4 sectors (SW, SE, NW and NE). In every sector of 1.75 ha, 20 transects (5 m x 100 m) were sampled. Termite nests were counted. Their dimensions and geographical coordinates were recorded. The superposition of spatial distribution maps of the 3 types of termite mounds showed an impressive abundance of termite mounds in all CNF area. In total, there were recorded 165 termite mounds. They were composed of 119 epigeal termite mounds and 46 tree-dwelling termite mounds. The average density of the 3 types of termite mounds on the CNF area was 23.57 mounds/ha with a dispersion coefficient of 0.07. The average density of Macrotermes mounds (8.99 mounds/ha), Cubitermes mounds (8.00 mounds/ha) and that of arboreal termite mounds (6.57 mounds/ha), with respective dispersion coefficient of 0.10, 0.08 and 0.07, showed no significant difference between them (p> 0.05). The epigeal termite mounds moved 297.42 tons of soil to build their nests. Macrotermes only, moved 297.03 tons (99.87%) of soil. On the CNF area, Macrotermes mounds have occupied a base area of 373.3 m2 and a volume of 264.99 m3. Cubitermes mounds covered a total base area of 2.08 m2 and a volume of 0.42 m3. These results are the reflection of a strong activity of the termite colonies, gradually restored in this protected habitat for 51 years

Control of the Maize Pest Beetle, Anomala denuda (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Using Insecticidal Plants Ricinus communis and Azadirachta indica in a Laboratory Setting

The aim of this study was to identify a natural alternative to synthetic insecticides for controlling the Anomala denuda beetle, a destructive corn pest. The investigation took place at Félix Houphouët-Boigny University's Natural Environments and Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory at a temperature of 17°C. Aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica leaves and Ricinus communis seed capsules were tested for their effectiveness against the beetle. The reference pesticides, Cypercal 50EC and Viper 42EC, were used as positive control. The tests included three types of toxicity (inhalation, ingestion, and repulsion) with four repetitions each and a four-day exposure period. The ingestion test was the most effective. At 110 g/l, A. indica and R. communis extracts had corrected mortality rates of 87.41 ± 3.21 and 90.28 ± 1.71%, respectively. In the inhalation test, A. indica and R. communis extracts resulted in 80.92 ± 5.88% and 83.14 ± 7.57% mortality rates, respectively, at the same concentration. At the same concentration, R. communis extract repelled 60% of beetles, which was higher than A. indica's 53.3%. The insecticidal effects of the extracts were similar to those of Cypercal in all tests. These results suggest that R. communis and A. indica extracts could be used to control A. denuda pests without relying on synthetic chemical pesticides

Effects of Continuous Cultivation of Soil on Termites (Isoptera) Diversity and Abundance in Savannas of Northern of Côte d’Ivoire

To highlight the continuous cultivation of soil on biodiversity in savannas of Korhogo in the north of Côte d’Ivoire, termites were studied with regard to their use as bio-indicators of habitat change in the tropics. Using a standardized method, termites were sampled in five types of plots (PCR 1, PCR 2, PCR 3, PCR 10 and PCR 30) which age of continuous cultivation varies from 1 to 30 years in comparison with the primary savanna. The diversity of termites has differed statistically between the habitat types. The species richness highest in the primary savanna (24 species), decreases progressively with the continuous cultivation of soil to reach lowest in the elderly cultures plots PRC 30 (9 species), either 64 % of reduction. Continuous cultivation of soil causes a drastic reduction in soil-feeders group (75 % of reduction on PCR 2). But there was no significant change in termites’ diversity between the savanna and the recent culture PCR 1. The cultivation of soil would have, in the first years, a positive effect on the diversity and abundance of wood feeders. This study shows the impact inflicted by the continuous cultivation of soil on the communities of termites in Korhogo region

What matters to store Brand Equity?: An approach to Spanish large retailing in a

Store brands account for 41% of the Spanish market share in 2011, and a further increase is expected in next years due to economic crisis, which makes up an increasingly competitive market with great research interest. In this context, our study aims to analyze which variables have a relevant influence on store Brand Equity from the consumers� standpoint in the current downturn context, providing an empirical research on the Spanish large retailing. We carried out an on-line questionnaire to customers of store brands residing in Spain, obtaining a total amount of 362 valid responses regarding the Spanish large retailers Mercadona, Dia, Eroski, Carrefour and El Corte Inglés. Then, the analysis was performed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results obtained suggest that store commercial image has the higher influence on both store brand perceived quality and store brand awareness, and in relation with the sources of store Brand Equity, the dimension store brand awareness shows the greater influence on the formation of store Brand Equity. This study is of great interest for large retailers who wish to increase their store brands� value proposition to the marketplace, especially during economic downturns.Las marcas del distribuidor suponen el 41 por ciento de la cuota de mercado en España en el año 2011, y se espera un incremento mayor en los próximos años debido a la crisis económica, lo que configura un mercado cada vez más competitivo com gran interés para la investigación. En este contexto, nuestro trabajo trata de analizar qué variables tienen una influencia relevante en el valor de las marcas del distribuidor desde el punto de vista de los consumidores en el contexto de la actual recesión económica, ofreciendo un estudio empírico para la gran distribución española. Para ello se realizó un cuestionario electrónico dirigido a los consumidores de marcas del distribuidor residentes en España, obteniendo un total de 362 respuestas válidas y considerando a los grandes distribuidores Mercadona, Dia, Eroski, Carrefour y El Corte Inglés. A continuación, se realizó un análisis empleando un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM). Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la imagen comercial de la enseña es la variable con mayor influencia sobre la calidad percibida de la marca del distribuidor, como sobre la notoriedad de la marca del distribuidor; y en relación a las fuentes del valor de las marcas del distribuidor, la dimensión notoriedad de marca muestra la mayor influencia en la formación del valor de las marcas del distribuidor. Este trabajo es de gran interés para la gran distribución que desea incrementar la proposición de valor de sus marcas en el mercado, especialmente durante períodos de recesión económica

Medición de la influencia en la intención de compra del valor basado en el consumidor de las marcas del distribuidor

[EN] Store brands account for and important market share in the Spain and a further increase in expected in the next years due to the downturn. However, there is lack of research on store brand customer-based Brand Equity. This study attempts to propose an integrated model of Brand Equity in store or retailer brands, based on Aaker s well-known conceptual model. We propose a consumer-based model, including the main sources or dimensions of Brand Equity and considering the intention to purchase as a consequence. Based on a sample of 362 consumers and 5 store brands, structural equation modeling is used to test research hypotheses. The results obtained reveal that store brand awareness, loyalty along with store brand perceived quality have a significant influence on consumers intention to purchase store brands. Our study suggests that marketers and marketing managers from retailing companies should carefully consider the Brand Equity components when designing their brand strategies, and develop marketing activities in order to enhance their brands awareness.[ES] Las marcas del distribuidor suponen una cuota de mercado importante en España y se espera un incremento superior en los próximos años debido a la recesión. Sin embargo, hay una falta de investigación sobre el valor de las marcas del distribuidor basado en el consumidor. Este estudio intenta proponer um modelo integral de valor de marca para las marcas del distribuidor o marcas propias, basado en el conocido modelo conceptual de Aaker. Proponemos un modelo basado en el consumidor, que incluye las principales fuentes o dimensiones de valor de marca, considerando la intención de compra como su consecuencia. Basándonos en una muestra de 362 consumidores y 5 marcas del distribuidor, llevamos a cabo um modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para probar las hipótesis de la investigación. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que la notoriedad de las marcas del distribuidor, la lealtad, junto con la calidad percibida, tienen una influencia significativa en la intención de compra de marcas del distribuidor por parte de los consumidores. Nuestro estudio sugiere que los gestores de marketing y comercialización de las empresas de distribución deben considerar cuidadosamente los componentes del valor de marca a la hora de diseñar sus estrategias de marca, y desarrollar atividades de marketing para incrementar la notoriedade de sus marcas

WHAT MATTERS TO STORE BRAND EQUITY? AN APPROACH TO SPANISH LARGE RETAILING IN A DOWNTURN CONTEXT

Store brands account for 41% of the Spanish market share in 2011, and a further increase is expected in next years due to economic crisis, which makes up an increasingly competitive market with great research interest. In this context, our study aims to analyze which variables have a relevant influence on store Brand Equity from the consumers’ standpoint in the current downturn context, providing an empirical research on the Spanish large retailing. We carried out an on-line questionnaire to customers of store brands residing in Spain, obtaining a total amount of 362 valid responses regarding the Spanish large retailers Mercadona, Dia, Eroski, Carrefour and El Corte Inglés. Then, the analysis was performed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results obtained suggest that store commercial image has the higher influence on both store brand perceived quality and store brand awareness, and in relation with the sources of store Brand Equity, the dimension store brand awareness shows the greater influence on the formation of store Brand Equity. This study is of great interest for large retailers who wish to increase their store brands’ value proposition to the marketplace, especially during economic downturns

Change in termite communities along a chronosequence of mango tree orchards in the north of Côte d’Ivoire

Termites constitute the major component of the macrofauna of the soil, and influence the structure of the soil, in tropical regions. This study aimed to estimate their assemblages in a chronosequence of mango tree orchards in the north of Côte d’Ivoire and compare them with those in unmanaged savanna. Using a standardized method of rapid biodiversity estimation, termites were collected in seven age classes of mango tree orchards (class 1: <5 years; class 2: 5–9 years; class 3: 10–14 years; class 4: 15–19 years; class 5: 20–24 years; class 6: 25–29 years; class 7: 30 years and over) and compared with termites collected from the savanna. Results show that the species richness was lowest in the young orchards of class 1 (9 species), and increased with the age of the orchards to reach its maximum in the old orchards of class 7 (28 species); these latter were comparable in richness with the savanna (26 species). The Shannon index (H’) and the evenness (E) follow the same trend as the species richness. The orchards of classes 1 and 2 were more dissimilar to the savanna. In contrast, termites were well represented in the savanna and in the old orchard of classes 6 and 7. Rhinotermitinae and Cubitermitinae subfamilies, absent in the young orchards of classes 1 and 2, were very abundant in the old orchards (classes 6 and 7). Overall, the findings of this study show that only the old mango orchards sustain termite diversity that comes close to that of the savanna. In this region, the cessation of agricultural activities in mango orchards favors the reconstitution of termite communities and presumably the restoration of the ecosystem services provided by termites. Thus it would be possible to combine agriculture and the conservation soil biodiversity.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe