Design to reliability shielded vertical interconnection applied to microwave Chip Scale Packaging

This paper presents the electrical design, measurement and reliability ests of a shielded vertical interconnection dedicated to microwave solder-mount packages. Electromagnetic simulations show very good results up to 20 GHz. Test samples have been designed and manufactured. Electrical results are in accordance with the simulations with insertion loss lower than 0.1 dB up to 20 GHz for the proposed interconnection. Reliability tests of present no degradation of the after 500 thermal cycles in the [-55°C, +125°C] temperature range

Démographie du Puffin cendré Calonectris diomedea de Selvagem Grande (30° 09' n, 15° 52' w)

The breeding numbers of the Cory ' s Shearwaters Calonectris diomedea of Selvagem Grande (30° 09' N, 15 ° 52' W) have shown important variations during the last three decades, decreasing from about 100,000 birds at the beginning of the seventies to 5,000 only in 1 977 following depredations, and increasing regularly since then to reach nowadays about 30,000. The mean age at first breeding is 8.9 years. Every year, 11.8 % of the breeders temporarily stop breeding, these sabbatical leaves lasting 1.7 years on average and 7 years at most. 56.6 % of the eggs laid produce fledglings, with significant variations between years. The mean annual survival rate of the adults is comparatively low, 92.7 %, higher for females (93.5 %) than for males (91.9 %) and varying significantly between years (min. : 84.1 %, max.: 98.0 % ). The survival rate of the immatures between fledging and first breeding is 32.8 % at !east. Selvagem Grande population, which numbered an important proportion of young inexperienced birds at the beginning of the eighties, following the depredations of the seventies, has gained age and experience during the eighties and the nineties. But the relatively low annual survival rate of the adults, which is probably linked to the development of new fishing methods, is an alarming sign for the future of the population of Cory' s Shearwaters, notwithstanding the conservation actions engaged in the breeding localitiesLes effectifs des Puffins cendrés Calonectris diomedea de Selvagem Grande (30° 09' N, 15° 52' W) ont montré au cours des trois dernières décennies des variations considérables, passant de 100 000 reproducteurs environ au début des années 70 à 5 000 seulement en 1977 à la suite de déprédations, et augmentant régulièrement depuis lors pour atteindre aujourd'hui environ 30 000. La reproduction s'établit en moyenne à 8,9 années. Chaque année, 11,8 % des reproducteurs ne nichent pas, les interruptions temporaires de la reproduction durant en moyenne 1,7 années et au maximum 7 ans. 56,6 % des oeufs pondus produisent des poussins en fin de croissance, des variations significatives existant d'une année à l'autre. Le taux de survie annuel des adultes est relativement faible, 92,7 %. Il est plus élevé chez les femelles (93,5 %) que chez les mâles (91,9 %) et il varie significativement d'une année à l'autre (min.: 84,1 %, max. : 98,0 %). Enfin, le taux de survie des immatures entre l'envol en fin de croissance et la première reproduction est au moins égal à 32,8 %. La population de Selvagem Grande, qui comptait une proportion importante de jeunes oiseaux inexpérimentés au début des années 80, à la suite des massacres de reproducteurs de la fin-des années 70, a acquis de l'âge et de l'expérience au cours des décennies 80 et 90. Mais la relative faiblesse du taux de survie annuel des adultes, qu'il faut sans doute mettre en relation avec le développement de nouvelles méthodes de pêche, est un signe inquiétant pour l'avenir des populations de Puffins cendrés, malgré les mesures de protection prises sur les lieux de reproduction

MPLS-TE Routing: Adopting a Generic Architecture and Evaluating Various Implementation Approaches

International audienceVarious Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) Routing Systems have been proposed in the literature to achieve optimization of resources utilization, Quality-of-Service (QoS) and Fast Recovery. This paper proposes a generic architecture for MPLS-TE Routing Systems, which aims to ease the classification and the analysis of these systems. Then this paper defines a set of MPLS-TE classification criteria. The combination of these criteria leads to the identification of main families of MPLS-TE Routing Systems which are finally compared and qualitatively evaluated according to a set of metrics

Generic architecture for MPLS-TE routing

International audienceThis paper deals with Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) routing systems which offer key traffic engineering features, including optimization of resources utilization, Quality-of-Service (QoS) and fast recovery. Numerous MPLS-TE routing systems have been defined in the past with their own advantages and drawbacks. This paper proposes a generic architecture for MPLS-TE routing system, with the main objective of helping in classification, analysis and improvement of these systems or the design of new systems. This architecture includes main functions that can be required in an MPLS-TE routing system. These functions and their interactions are described. Various approaches and options for the implementation and the distribution of these functions in network elements are qualitatively discussed

LSP Setup Arrival Reordering Approach for MPLS-TE Routing

International audienceIn this paper, we evaluate a solution based on the preemption mechanism so as to improve performances of distributed Multi-Protocol Label Switching-Traffic Engineering (MPLS-TE) path computation, where requests are handled one by one, in an uncoordinated manner without any knowledge of future and other requests. Our solution is motivated by the considerable impact of the tunnel setup order on the network load and blocking probability. If it is not possible to control this order, in return it is possible, in some cases, to reorder requests using the pre-emption function. After evaluating the impact of the tunnel setup order, we study the use of preemption to reorder Label Switching Path setup, with various algorithms, including Shortest Path First (SPF), Widest Shortest Path (WSP) and Shortest Widest Path (SWP). We show that the preemption is well suited to shortest path based algorithms and the performances in terms of blocking rate are significantly improved

Localisation de source par filtrage modal : Application à des données petites échelles en ASM

- Dans les environnements océaniques peu profonds, la propagation peut être modélisée, à grande distance, par une somme de modes. En utilisant les coefficients d'excitation de ces modes, le filtrage modal permet de localiser une source acoustique située dans le guide d'ondes océanique. Un méthode permettant l'extraction de ces coefficients à partir d'un réseau horizontal de capteurs a été développée [6]. Celle-ci est appliquée sur un ensemble de données "petites échelles" réalisées en cuve et reproduisant un guide d'ondes océanique. Ses performances sont étudiées et une amélioration est proposée

Use of morbidity and mortality conferences to analyze causes of death at sea: a useful tool in the process of training in maritime medicine

Background. Morbidity and mortality conferences (MandMC) are collective reviews of records of patients, whose evolution was marked by an undesirable event: death or the occurrence of complications. The MandMC aim to improve the quality of care. This article intends to present three cases analyzed in MandMC in the French Telemedical Assistance Service (TMAS). Material and methods. Three cases were selected according to the occurrence of a death at sea or according to particular cases of pathology on board. The case presentation was done in plenary session in our French TMAS, describing the facts, analyzing the defective processes, and suggesting possible improvements for each case. Results. Description of 3 cases: Gastroenteritis in Papua New Guinea with septic shock; traumatic brain injury on a training boat with organizational and evacuation problems, and fever in the Gulf of Guinea with negative thick blood smear test. Conclusions. The MandMC tend to develop in all medical fields and are of particular interest in maritime medicine. The achievement of MandMC in our TMAS highlighted some difficulties in our daily work: diagnosis difficulty in tele-consultation and organizational or operational difficulties related to maritime medicine. However, we hope that the proposals for improvement will be applied to improve the quality of maritime medical care. (Int Marit Health 2011; 62, 2: 104–109

Fracture propagation in glassy polymers: From nanometer to centimeter

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