Star formation in the outer regions of the early type galaxy NGC 4203

NGC 4203 is a nearby early-type galaxy surrounded by a very large, low-column-density HI disc. In this paper we study the star formation efficiency in the gas disc of NGC 4203 by using the UV, deep optical imaging and infrared data. We confirm that the HI disc consists of two distinct components: an inner star forming ring with radius from $\sim$ 1 to $\sim$ 3 R$_{eff}$, and an outer disc. The outer HI disc is 9 times more massive than the inner HI ring. At the location of the inner HI ring we detect spiral-like structure both in the deep $g'-r'$ image and in the 8 $\mu$m $Spitzer$-IRAC image, extending in radius up to $\sim$ 3 R$_{eff}$. These two gas components have a different star formation efficiency likely due to the different metallicity and dust content. The inner component has a star formation efficiency very similar to the inner regions of late-type galaxies. Although the outer component has a very low star formation efficiency, it is similar to that of the outer regions of spiral galaxies and dwarfs. We suggest that these differences can be explained with different gas origins for the two components such as stellar mass loss for the inner HI ring and accretion from the inter galactic medium (IGM) for the outer HI disc. The low level star formation efficiency in the outer HI disc is not enough to change the morphology of NGC 4203, making the depletion time of the HI gas much too long.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 12 pages, 7 figure

Essais cliniques et e-santé : impact des nouvelles technologies d’informations appliquées aux essais cliniques (y compris pour les données sources - dossier médical) et à la recherche sur la personne et le médicament

Les nouvelles technologies ont pris depuis quelques années une place importante dans notre environnement quotidien, qu’il soit professionnel ou personnel. Le monde de la santé n’a pas échappéà cette mutation progressive, avec l’arrivée de l’informatique jusqu’au chevet du malade. La recherche clinique a aussi trouvé un intérêt grandissant à tous ces nouveaux outils mis à la disposition aussi bien du médecin investigateur, du patient, que des services spécialisés qui contribuent au diagnostic et au suivi des patients, et aussi des différents métiers de la recherche clinique. Si l’usage des nouvelles technologies semble apporter des facilités, telles que la centralisation des informations ou la simplification des échanges de données entre différents intervenants, il n’en reste pas moins qu’il s’agit de données à caractère personnel, dont il faut assurer la fiabilité, la confidentialité et la sécurité, qu’elles soient utilisées dans le cadres des soins courants ou de celui de la recherche clinique académique ou industrielle. L’objectif de la table ronde était d’évaluer l’impact des nouvelles technologies d’informations appliquées aux essais cliniques (y compris pour les données sources - dossier médical) et à la recherche sur la personne et le médicament. Dans un premier temps, un état des lieux du développement de ces nouvelles technologies dans l’environnement de la santé a été réalisé. La recherche des bénéfices attendus pour émettre des recommandations de bon usage ou des précautions d’emploi lors de leur utilisation dans le cadre des essais cliniques a été effectuée dans un second temps. Enfin, l’analyse de l’impact de ces nouvelles technologies tant du côté de l’investigateur, que de celui du promoteur, qu’il soit académique ou industriel a été estimée

Clinical Trials and E-Health: Impact of New Information Technology Applied to Clinical Trials (Including Source Data-Medical Records) and to Human and Drug Research

Within the last few years, new technology has come to play an important part in our professional and private daily environment. Healthcare has not escaped this progressive mutation with computers reaching the bedside. Clinical research has also shown growing interest in these new tools available to the clinical investigator, the patient, as well as to specialist departments for diagnosis and follow-up of patients, and to the different professions in clinical research. If the use of new technology seems to make life easier, by centralizing data or by simplifying data-sharing between different teams, it is still a matter of private data which must remain reliable, confidential and secure, whether it is being used in ordinary healthcare or in academic or industrial research. The aim of the round table was to estimate the impact of new information technology applied to clinical trials (including source data-medical records) and to human and drug research. First, an inventory was made of the development of these new technologies in the healthcare system. The second point developed was identification of expected benefits in order to issue guidelines for their good use and hazard warnings in clinical trials. Finally, the impact of these new technologies on the investigator as well as the project manager was analysed

Evaluation of hand hygiene compliance and associated factors with a radio-frequency-identification-based real-time continuous automated monitoring system

International audienceBackground: Hand hygiene is a major means for preventing healthcare-associated infections. One critical point in understanding poor compliance is the lack of relevant markers used to monitor practices systematically. Methods: This study analysed hand hygiene compliance and associated factors with a radiofrequency-identification-based real-time continuous automated monitoring system in an infectious diseasewardwith 17 single bedrooms. Healthcareworkers (HCWs) were trackedwhile performing routine care over 171 days. Amulti-levelmulti-variate logisticsmodelwas used for data analysis. The main outcome measures were hand disinfection before entering the bedroom (outside use) and before entering the patient care zone, defined as the zone surrounding the patient's bed (inside/bedside use). Variables analysed included HCWs' characteristics and behaviour, patients, room layouts, path chains and duration of HCWs' paths. Findings: In total, 4629 paths with initial hand hygiene opportunities when entering the patient care zone were selected, of which 763 (16.5%), 285 (6.1%) and 3581 (77.4%) were associated with outside use, inside/bedside use and no use, respectively. Hand hygiene is caregiver-dependent. The shorter the duration of the HCW's path, the worse the bedside hand hygiene. Bedside hand hygiene is improved when one or two extra HCWs are present in the room. Interpretation: Hand hygiene compliance at the bedside, as analysed using the continuous monitoring system, depended upon the HCW's occupation and personal behaviour, number of HCWs, time spent in the room and (potentially) dispenser location. Meal tray distribution was a possible factor in the case of failure to disinfect hands. (C) 2017 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

MediHandTrace : un dispositif intégré utile à la recherche interventionnelle sur l’hygiène des mains

International audienc

Hand Hygiene Analyzed by Video Recording

International audienceObjective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the hand hygiene and isolation precaution adhesion of the healthcare workers in routine cares.Methods : In an infectious diseases care unit of a university hospital in Marseille, France, we designed an observational study at evaluating the hand hygiene and isolation precaution adhesion of the healthcare workers in routine cares by remote video recording. The care team including nurses, assistant nurses, housekeepers and physicians was monitored from November 30th (2012) to February 13th (2013). From a video camera was placed inside patient room, healthcare workers paths were recorded from entrance to exit of the patient’s room. Hand hygiene disinfection as well as gloves and mask wearing in isolation precautions were observed. A video camera was placed inside patient room. Healthcare workers paths were recorded from entrance to exit of the patient’s room. A nurse and a sociologist analyzed further videos. Hand hygiene disinfection as well as gloves and mask wearing in isolation precaution were observed.Results : A total of 756 videos were captures. 249 were rejected because they were not contributive and 507 videos (811 Healthcare workers paths) were analyzed. Healthcare workers had hand disinfection at least one time in the path in 28.2%. Hand disinfection at entrance and exit of the bedroom is respected in 6.2%. The meal tray delivery is associated with a lower hand hygiene practice. The glove wearing adhesion is 51.2% in Clostridium difficile contact precaution, and conformity to protocol is 17.5%. Wearing gloves impairs hand disinfection especially in situation where gloves are not part of the protocol (38.7%). Adhesion to mask wearing in airborne precaution is 90.7%

Middle-ear barotrauma after hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a five-year retrospective analysis on 2,610 patients.

International audienceHyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is the use of oxygen or gas mixtures at a pressure above atmospheric pressure for therapeutic purposes. This treatment is used in numerous pathological processes. Its main side effect is middle ear barotrauma (MEB), which represents a great concern for iatrogenic HBO2 therapy. The aim of this work is to describe this adverse event in order to highlight clinical elements that can contribute to its prevention and management

Hygiène des mains chez les soignants en milieu hospitalier : étude observationnelle par vidéo

L’hygiène des mains est un moyen efficace qui permet de limiter la transmission d’agents pathogènes. Malgré les nombreuses interventions, la non observance à l’hygiène des mains est en moyenne de 40 % [1]. Les audits interventionnels tels que préconisés par l’OMS basés sur le nombre d’opportunités de se désinfecter les mains présentent quelques biais. Notamment celui de la présence physique de l’auditeur qui a une influence directe sur le comportement des soignants (effet Hawthorne). MédiHandTrace® (MHT®) est un outil de traçabilité électronique automatisé par radio basse fréquence qui permet une identification des parcours des soignants en temps réel. Il permet aussi d’enregistrer les prises de solutions hydro-alcooliques par les personnels soignants à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de la chambre.A l’occasion de la vérification de l’efficacité du système MHT® [2], nous avons utilisé la vidéo comme comparateur. Nous vous rapportons ici les résultats de l’étude des comportements tel qu’ils ont été observés par la vidéo.L’utilisation de la vidéo a pour objectif de comprendre, d’analyser les pratiques de soins, la désinfection des mains mais aussi d’identifier les facteurs qui en influencent la non observance

Comparing meditative scuba diving versus multisport activities to improve post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms: a pilot, randomized controlled clinical trial

International audienceBackground Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling disease that currently has no fully effective therapeutic solution. Complementary approaches, such as relaxation, sport, or meditation, could be therapeutic aids for symptom reduction. Scuba diving combines sport and mindfulness training and has been found to have a positive effect on chronic stress and PTSD. Objectives The first objective of this pilot study is to compare the effectiveness of diving associated with mindfulness exercises (the Bathysmed (R) protocol) with multisport activity in reducing PTSD symptoms. The secondary objective is to compare the impact of the Bathysmed (R) protocol on mindfulness functioning in the two groups of subjects suffering from PTSD. Method This proof-of-concept took the form of a controlled randomized clinical trial. The primary endpoint was the severity of PTSD symptoms, measured by the PCL-5 (PTSD Check List) scale. Half of the group were exposed to the Bathysmed (R) protocol (the experimental condition), and the other half to a non-specific multisport program. Results Bathysmed (R) protocol improved PCL-5 scores more than the multisport program but the result was not significant. The protocol was significantly better than the multisport activity in reducing intrusion symptoms of PTSD after one month. Globally, trait mindfulness scores improved up to one month after the course, but the result was not significant. Three months after the course, there was no difference between the two groups with regard to PCL-5 and Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory scores.. Conclusion Our study demonstrates the value of the Bathysmed (R) protocol even though it suffers from a lack of power and could only obtain partial but encouraging results. Mindfulness must be practiced over the long term to achieve stable benefits. This probably explains why no differences persisted three months after the course. Further work is needed to confirm the initial results obtained with this pilot study