Smart Manufacturing and Intelligent Manufacturing:A Comparative Review

The application of intelligence to manufacturing has emerged as a compelling topic for researchers and industries around the world. However, different terminologies, namely smart manufacturing (SM) and intelligent manufacturing (IM), have been applied to what may be broadly characterized as a similar paradigm by some researchers and practitioners. While SM and IM are similar, they are not identical. From an evolutionary perspective, there has been little consideration on whether the definition, thought, connotation, and technical development of the concepts of SM or IM are consistent in the literature. To address this gap, the work performs a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research literature to systematically compare inherent differences of SM and IM and clarify the relationship between SM and IM. A bibliometric analysis of publication sources, annual publication numbers, keyword frequency, and top regions of research and development establishes the scope and trends of the currently presented research. Critical topics discussed include origin, definitions, evolutionary path, and key technologies of SM and IM. The implementation architecture, standards, and national focus are also discussed. In this work, a basis to understand SM and IM is provided, which is increasingly important because the trend to merge both terminologies rises in Industry 4.0 as intelligence is being rapidly applied to modern manufacturing and human–cyber–physical systems

Safety and efficacy of percutaneous device closure of large post tricuspid shunts in pediatric patients with severe PAH at short term and midterm follow up

Background: Transcatheter closure of large post-tricuspid shunts in patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension remains a challenging problem. Among this unique subset of patients there is an entire spectrum of severity of pulmonary vascular disease with variable pulmonary vascular resistance and reversibility especially in older children. Aims: The current study was done to assess the safety and efficacy of percutaneous device closure of large post tricuspid shunts in pediatric patients with severe PAH at short and mid term follow up. Methods: A total of 42 pediatric patients underwent transcatheter closure of large post tricuspid shunts with severe PAH. All subjects underwent clinical examination, electrocardiography, chest x-rays and echocardiography before discharge and at 1, 6 and 12 months after the procedure and yearly thereafter. Results: Most of the patients (64 %) were having patent ductus arteriosus followed by ventricular septal defect in 8 patients (19.04%), aorto-pulmonary window in 5 patients (12%) and coronary cameral fistula in 2 patients (5%). Cardi-O-Fix VSD occluder was the most commonly used device (45%), Cardi-O-Fix PDA occluder (21%) and Amplatzer duct occluder in 17% patients. Pre-procedural pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased significantly from mean 81.12 mmHg to mean 43.17 mmHg post procedure over a mean follow-up of 18.5 months. Only two major complications viz; severe aortic obstruction and symptomatic complete heart block were noticed in two children. Conclusions: Our study showed that the transcatheter closure of large post tricuspid shunts in pediatric patients with severe PAH was safe, feasible and efficacious alternative to conventional surgery

Diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography angiography as compared to conventional angiography in patients undergoing noncoronary cardiac surgery

Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) angiography with conventional angiography in patients undergoing major noncoronary cardiac surgeries. Materials and Methods: We studied fifty major noncoronary cardiac surgery patients scheduled for invasive coronary angiography, 29 (58%) female and 21 (42%) male. Inclusion criteria of the study were age of the patients ≥40 years, having low or intermediate probability of coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >35%, and patient giving informed consent for undergoing MSCT and conventional coronary angiography. The patients with LVEF <35%, high pretest probability of CAD, and hemodynamically unstable were excluded from the study. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of CT coronary angiography was evaluated regarding true positive, true negative values. The overall sensitivity and specificity of CT angiography technique was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 39.76%–100%) and 91.30% (95% CI: 79.21%–97.58%). The positive (50%; 95% CI: 15.70%–84.30%) and negative predictive values (100%; 95% CI: 91.59%–100%) of CT angiography were also fairly high in these patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests that this non-invasive technique may improve perioperative risk stratification in patients undegoing non-cardiac surgery