The Relevance of the Reviewer’s Role: a Methodological Proposal for the Development of the Translation Competence

Conforme a autores como Silvia Parra (2005: 370), el encargo de traducción puede definirse como el “conjunto de especificaciones, explícitas o implícitas, que guía tanto el trabajo del traductor como el del revisor”. De las palabras de Parra se desprende la importancia de la labor de revisión en el proceso y en el resultado de la traducción, que puede coincidir bien con la figura del propio traductor (auto-revisión) o que, como indica la autora, puede tratarse de otro ente diferente. Teniendo en cuenta la relevancia de la fase de revisión en la realidad profesional de la traducción, el objetivo de esta contribución consiste en presentar una aproximación teórico-práctica a la labor de revisión de textos de carácter especializado (ámbito biosanitario y tecnológico), con el fin de delimitar el campo de actuación de este ente, así como de proponer una metodología docente que sirva de fundamento para el desarrollo de la competencia traductora.According to certain authors such as Silvia Parra (2005: 370), the translation assignment can be defined as the set of instructions −both explicit or implicit− guiding not only the translator’s but also the reviewer’s decisions. This definition places an emphasis on the relevance of the revision task in both the process and the product of translation, which may be conducted either by the translator himself/herself (self-revision) or, as indicated by Parra, by a reviewer. Thus the relevance of the reviewer’s role in professional translation teams having been assumed, this paper aims at providing a theoretical and practical approach to revising specialized texts (pertaining to both the bio-sanitary and the technical fields) in order to determine the reviewer’s tasks as well as to propose a useful teaching methodology for the development of the translation competence

A Cholinergic Synaptically Triggered Event Participates in the Generation of Persistent Activity Necessary for Eye Fixation

An exciting topic regarding integrative properties of the nervous system is how transient motor commands or brief sensory stimuli are able to evoke persistent neuronal changes, mainly as a sustained, tonic action potential firing. A persisting firing seems to be necessary for postural maintenance after a previous movement. We have studied in vitro and in vivo the generation of the persistent neuronal activity responsible for eye fixation after spontaneous eye movements. Rat sagittal brainstem slices were used for the intracellular recording of prepositus hypoglossi (PH) neurons and their synaptic activation from nearby paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) neurons. Single electrical pulses applied to the PPRF showed a monosynaptic glutamatergic projection on PH neurons, acting on AMPA-kainate receptors. Train stimulation of the PPRF area evoked a sustained depolarization of PH neurons exceeding (by hundreds of milliseconds) stimulus duration. Both duration and amplitude of this sustained depolarization were linearly related to train frequency. The train-evoked sustained depolarization was the result of interaction between glutamatergic excitatory burst neurons and cholinergic mesopontine reticular fibers projecting onto PH neurons, because it was prevented by slice superfusion with cholinergic antagonists and mimicked by cholinergic agonists. As expected, microinjections of cholinergic antagonists in the PH nucleus of alert behaving cats evoked a gaze-holding deficit consisting of a re-centering drift of the eye after each saccade. These findings suggest that a slow, cholinergic, synaptically triggered event participates in the generation of persistent activity characteristic of PH neurons carrying eye position signals.Unión Europea Grants BI04-CT98-0546España, Ministerio de Ciencia PB98-0011, BFI2000-00936, BFI2000-1190, y BFI2002-0137

Pezoloma ciliifera (P. Karst.) Korf, un discomicete nuevo para España

Pezoloma ciliif era (p. Karst) Korf, a rare species in the world, is reported for the flIst tirne in Spain, on base to Albarracín mountains findings (Teruel, Spain). A detailed iconographic -macro and microscopicstudy is made. Besides, its ecological preferences are confrrmed, having a saprophytic habit in behaviour areas, during surnrner, at high elevations.Pezoloma ciliifera (P. Karst) Korf, una especie rara en el mundo, es citada por vez primera de España, en base a hallazgos realizados en la Sierra de Albarracín (Teruel). Se acompaña un detallado estudio iconognifico rnacro y microscópico, al tiempo que se confinna su comportamiento saprotrófico, estival, en ambientes palustres de alta montaña

Pezoloma ciliifera (P. Karst.) Korf, un discomicete nuevo para España

Pezoloma ciliifera (P. Karst) Korf, una especie rara en el mundo, es citada por vez primera de España, en base a hallazgos realizados en la Sierra de Albarracín (Teruel). Se acompaña un detallado estudio iconognifico rnacro y microscópico, al tiempo que se confinna su comportamiento saprotrófico, estival, en ambientes palustres de alta montaña.Pezoloma ciliif era (p. Karst) Korf, a rare species in the world, is reported for the flIst tirne in Spain, on base to Albarracín mountains findings (Teruel, Spain). A detailed iconographic -macro and microscopicstudy is made. Besides, its ecological preferences are confrrmed, having a saprophytic habit in behaviour areas, during surnrner, at high elevations

Temporary “contracts in origin” as policy to control immigration in Spain: the “Huelva model”

Until recently, both the Administration and the social agents recognized the inefficiency of the quota system as policy to control migratory flows, both of them agreeing that it was in fact concealed regularization. This situation tried to be settled by the contested Immigration law 4/2000, in which, for the specific case of the seasonal agricultural tasks, the modality of “contracting in origin” was established. The later modifications of the Law and its two “Regulations of development” approved up to the date, have kept this modality as the means for controlling migratory flows. With the introduction of this new system, the province of Huelva has turned into a “model” at a national level, not only for its adoption of this formula, but also for the volume of manpower contracted this way. The present study centres on analyzing the application of the “contracts in origin” in all of Spain, and particularly in the province of Huelva. We study the juridical texts and the main existing statistics in the matter, and complement this information with archive work carried out in the Subdelegation of the National Government in Huelva, which centralizes this kind of contracts. With this material, we propose to explain the reasons that lead to the appeal of foreign manpower, the procedure that is applied, the different regional significance of this contractual modality, as well as the negative effects and possible alternatives to correct them.Jusqu’à la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix, l’Etat tout comme les associations de terrain reconnaissaient l'inefficacité du système de quota qui faisait figure de politique migratoire en Espagne. Tous s’accordaient sur le fait que la gestion de l’immigration dans ce pays tenait d’avantage à des régularisations à postériori en fonction de chiffres fixés à l’avance qu’à un réel contrôle des entrées. La loi 4/2000 a tenté de remédier à cette situation. Une procédure spécifique a alors été mise en place concernant l’agriculture : le contrato en origen qui permet de recruter des saisonniers pour une période limitée directement depuis leur pays d’origine. Depuis lors, si des modifications de cette loi ont été votées, ce procédé fut maintenu et est devenu un instrument clé de la politique de gestion des flux migratoires. L’expérience de la province de Huelva, principale utilisatrice de cette procédure pour l’introduction de ses saisonniers agricoles, est alors devenue une référence au niveau national. On parle désormais du modèle de Huelva. Le présent article analyse la mise en œuvre des contrats en origine en Espagne, principalement dans la province de Huelva. Nous y présentons les textes juridiques et les principales statistiques existantes en la matière ainsi que la gestion de cette procédure par la préfecture de la province. L’objet du texte est d’expliquer le succès de cette mesure auprès des agriculteurs ainsi que de pointer ses effets négatifs sur le traitement de la main-d’œuvre étrangère

Guía de recursos para la atención a la población inmigrante extranjera en Huelva

Esta Guía pretende ser un documento de máxima utilidad en el trabajo de asesoramiento, formación y acogida a la población inmigrante extranjera.Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Asuntos Sociales, Delegación Provincial de Huelv

Security Issues in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Ad hoc networks are built on the basis of a communication without infrastructure and major investigations have focused on the routing and autoconfiguration problems. However, there is a little progress in solving the secure autoconfiguration problems in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which has led to the proliferation of threats given the vulnerabilities of MANETs. It is clear that ad hoc networks have no centralized mechanism for defense against threats, such as a firewall, an intrusion detection system, or a proxy. Therefore, it is necessary that the defense of interests of each of the ad hoc components is the responsibility of each member node. This paper shows the most common threats to ad hoc networks and reviews several proposals that attempt to minimize some of these threats, showing their protection ability and vulnerabilities in light of the threats that might aris

Potential protective role of reactive astrocytes in the periventricular parenchyma in congenital hydrocephalus

Background Cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in hydrocephalus produces an elevation of intraventricular pressure with pathological consequences on the periventricular brain parenchyma including ischemia, oedema, oxidative stress, and accumulation of metabolic waste products. Here we studied in the hyh mouse, an animal model of congenital hydrocephalus, the role of reactive astrocytes in this clinical degenerative condition. Materials and Methods Wild type and hydrocephalic hyh mice at 30 days of postnatal age were used. Three metabolites related to the oxidative and neurotoxic conditions were analysed in ex vivo samples (glutathione, glutamine and taurine) using High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning (HR-MAS). Glutathione synthetase and peroxidase, glutamine synthetase, kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), and taurine/taurine transporter were immunolocated in brain sections. Results Levels of the metabolites were remarkably higher in hydrocephalic conditions. Glutathione peroxidase and synthetase were both detected in the periventricular reactive astrocytes and neurons. Taurine was mostly found free in the periventricular parenchyma and in the reactive astrocytes, and the taurine transporter was mainly present in the neurons located in such regions. Glutamine synthetase was found in reactive astrocytes. Glutaminase was also detected in the reactive astrocytes and in periventricular neurons. These results suggest a possible protective response of reactive astrocytes against oxidative stress and neurotoxic conditions. Conclusions Astrocyte reaction seems to trigger an anti-oxidative and anti-neurotoxic response in order to ameliorate pathological damage in periventricular areas of the hydrocephalic mice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. PI15-00619 to AJJ

Supporting vectors vs. principal components

Let T : X -> Y be a bounded linear operator between Banach spaces X, Y. A vector x(0) is an element of S-X in the unit sphere S-X of X is called a supporting vector of T provided that parallel to T(x(0))parallel to = sup{parallel to T(x)parallel to : parallel to x parallel to = 1} = parallel to T parallel to. Since matrices induce linear operators between finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, we can consider their supporting vectors. In this manuscript, we unveil the relationship between the principal components of a matrix and its supporting vectors. Applications of our results to real-life problems are provided

Links among characteristically nilpotent, c-graded and derived filiform lie algebras

The aim of this paper is to study the interconnectivity among Lie algebras that are characteristically nilpotent, derived and c-graded filiform, establishing some characterization theorems involving them. At the same time we offer an algorithm that will allow us to know, given a complex filiform Lie algebra, which of those properties hold