Variabilidad estacional y a mesoescala de algunos parámetros biológicos y químicos en relación con la hidrodinámica del canal de Ibiza (Mediterráneo occidental)

Este trabajo está basado en el análisis tridimensional a mesoescala de la relación entre la hidrodinámica y la distribución espacial de los nutrientes (nitratos), el porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno y la concentración de clorofila a, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en cuatro campañas llevadas a cabo en el canal de Ibiza en noviembre de 1990, marzo de 1991 y a principios y mediados de julio de 1992. El estudio comparado de estas cuatro campañas muestra una fenomenología diversa y cambiante, aunque puede ser descrita como variación de un patrón básico consistente en la generación de un sistema ciclónico y un frente originado por el agua entrante en el canal, de procedencia atlántica, situada sobre el agua residente que sale a través de él. Este fenómeno determina la fertilización por afloramiento producido por el sistema divergencia superficial - convergencia profunda asociado al sistema frontal y al torbellino ciclónico. La variabilidad espacial detectada a mesoescala está estrechamente relacionada con las distribuciones hidrográficas y la escasa duración de algunas estructuras de dimensiones reducidas. En consecuencia, este tipo de fenomenología puede ser considerada independiente de la época del año, que condiciona principalmente los gradientes verticales y la circulación general. De acuerdo con esto, en noviembre de 1990, las concentraciones relativamente bajas de clorofila a observadas pueden estar relacionadas con fenómenos de difusión y transporte debido a la intensidad de la corriente de agua de procedencia atlántica. Por el contrario, en la campaña efectuada en marzo de 1991, parece existir un fenómeno de confinamiento del material producido en una cuña ciclónica, que queda relativamente aislada y horizontalmente comprimida por una masa de agua situada al norte de la misma que, simultáneamente, obstaculiza el avance hacia el norte del agua de procedencia atlántica. Esto puede explicar, en parte, las elevadas concentraciones de clorofila observadas en el área ciclónica. La comparación de las campañas realizadas a primeros y mediados de julio de 1992 muestra cómo un simple desplazamiento hacia el sur del sistema ciclónico puede alterar, de manera importante, tanto los aportes de nutrientes como la distribución de los máximos de clorofila. En ambos casos las elevadas, aunque discontinuas, concentraciones de clorofila registradas pueden ser causadas por un mecanismo de acumulación que abarcaría conjuntamente procesos tales como un relativamente pequeño transporte advectivo y la disminución de la velocidad de sedimentación del fitoplancton a través de la picnoclina, así como la acumulación de nutrientes debida a la compresión vertical de los afloramientos que alcanzan la picnoclina, pudiendo permitir la producción fitoplanctónica cerca de los máximos de clorofilaPublicado

Seasonal and mesoscale variability of biological and chemical parameters related to the hydrodynamics of the Ibiza Channel (western Mediterranean)

Este trabajo está basado en el análisis tridimensional a mesoescala de la relación entre la hidrodinámica y la distribución espacial de los nutrientes (nitratos), el porcentaje de saturación de oxígeno y la concentración de clorofila a, de acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos en cuatro campañas llevadas a cabo en el canal de Ibiza en noviembre de 1990, marzo de 1991 y a principios y mediados de julio de 1992. El estudio comparado de estas cuatro campañas muestra una fenomenología diversa y cambiante, aunque puede ser descrita como variación de un patrón básico consistente en la generación de un sistema ciclónico y un frente originado por el agua entrante en el canal, de procedencia atlántica, situada sobre el agua residente que sale a través de él. Este fenómeno determina la fertilización por afloramiento producido por el sistema divergencia superficial - convergencia profunda asociado al sistema frontal y al torbellino ciclónico. La variabilidad espacial detectada a mesoescala está estrechamente relacionada con las distribuciones hidrográficas y la escasa duración de algunas estructuras de dimensiones reducidas. En consecuencia, este tipo de fenomenología puede ser considerada independiente de la época del año, que condiciona principalmente los gradientes verticales y la circulación general. De acuerdo con esto, en noviembre de 1990, las concentraciones relativamente bajas de clorofila a observadas pueden estar relacionadas con fenómenos de difusión y transporte debido a la intensidad de la corriente de agua de procedencia atlántica. Por el contrario, en la campaña efectuada en marzo de 1991, parece existir un fenómeno de confinamiento del material producido en una cuña ciclónica, que queda relativamente aislada y horizontalmente comprimida por una masa de agua situada al norte de la misma que, simultáneamente, obstaculiza el avance hacia el norte del agua de procedencia atlántica. Esto puede explicar, en parte, las elevadas concentraciones de clorofila observadas en el área ciclónica. La comparación de las campañas realizadas a primeros y mediados de julio de 1992 muestra cómo un simple desplazamiento hacia el sur del sistema ciclónico puede alterar, de manera importante, tanto los aportes de nutrientes como la distribución de los máximos de clorofila. En ambos casos las elevadas, aunque discontinuas, concentraciones de clorofila registradas pueden ser causadas por un mecanismo de acumulación que abarcaría conjuntamente procesos tales como un relativamente pequeño transporte advectivo y la disminución de la velocidad de sedimentación del fitoplancton a través de la picnoclina, así como la acumulación de nutrientes debida a la compresión vertical de los afloramientos que alcanzan la picnoclina, pudiendo permitir la producción fitoplanctónica cerca de los máximos de clorofila.The interactions between the hydrodynamics and the spatial distribution of nutrients (nitrates), percentage of oxygen saturation and chlorophyll-a concentration were studied by means of a 3-D mesoscale analysis. The data were obtained from four surveys carried out in the Ibiza Channel in November 1990, March 1991 and twice in July 1992. The comparative study of the data showed a high variability due to variations of a cyclonic eddy and a frontal system caused by the incoming modified Atlantic water, layered anta the resident water that flows out of the channel. This phenomenon determined fertilisation by upwelling, as a consequence of the surface-divergence/deep-convergence system associated with the front and the cyclonic gyre. Mesoscale spatial variability was closely related to hydrographic parameters. The short life of some small-scale structures can be considered independently of the season, which mainly causes vertical gradients and general circulation. In November 1990, the relatively low chlorophyll concentrations could be related to transport and diffusion phenomena caused by the intense inflow of the Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) mass. On the other hand, in March 1991, it seems that an enclosure phenomenon was found. The material produced was accumulated in a relatively isolated cyclonic area, horizontally compressed by a northern water mass, which also obstructed the normal inflow of the MAW. This could explain the high chlorophyll concentrations observed in the cyclonic area. The comparison between the surveys carried out in early and mid-July 1992 showed how a single southward displacement of the cyclonic system could have a great impact on the intensity of nutrient inputs and the location of chlorophyll maxima. In both cases, the very high, but patchy, chlorophyll concentrations observed might have been caused by an accumulation mechanism. This mechanism could be based on a joint process involving a slight advective transport and a drop in the phytoplankton's sinking rate through the pycnocline. Also, accumulation al nutrients due to vertical compression of upwelling phenomena reaching the pycnocline may lead to some phytoplankton production near the deep chlorophyll maxima.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

FSO-CDMA Systems Supporting end-to-end Network Slicing

A new flexible, secure FSO-CDMA system supporting end-to-end network resource slicing is proposed and investigated. New mathematical formalisms considering distinct turbulence conditions are derived. The system supports different applications, use cases, and traffic requirements

Modulation and Equalization Techniques for mmWave ARoF

Fifth generation (5G) is the emerging mobile communications platform that aims to meet the market requirements in terms of enhanced broadband connectivity based on harnessing small cell and mmWave technology. These two in synergy will provide high capacity gain not only through the hyperdense deployment of small cell but also through accessing large swathes of untapped spectrum at mmWave frequencies. The envisaged architecture entails an integrated optical wireless network architecture, where optical technology will complement radio in order to handle the new demands on capacity over the backhaul and fronthaul network, leading to the notion of analog radio over fiber (ARoF). The goal of this chapter is to provide novel approaches to optimize the performances of mmWave ARoF systems that includes developing enabling technology from a digital to signal processing (DSP) and device perspective

Efficacy of progressive versus severe energy restriction on body composition and strength in concurrent trained women

Purpose This study evaluated the concurrent training (CT) effect in combination with either progressive energy restriction (PER) or severe energy restriction (SER) on body composition and strength-related variables in resistance-trained women. Methods Fourteen women (29.5 ± 3.8 years; 23.8 ± 2.8 kg·m −2 ) were randomly assigned to a PER (n = 7) or SER (n = 7) group. Participants performed an 8-week CT program. Pre- and post-intervention measures of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and strength-related variables were assessed through 1-repetition maximum (in the squat and bench press) and countermovement jump. Results Significant reductions in FM were observed in PER and SER (Δ = − 1.7 ± 0.4 kg; P = < 0.001; ES = − 0.39 and Δ = − 1.2 ± 0.6 kg; P = 0.002; ES = − 0.20, respectively). After correcting FFM for fat-free adipose tissue (FFAT), no signifi- cant differences for this variable were found either in PER (Δ = − 0.3 ± 0.1; P = 0.071; ES = − 0.06) or in SER (Δ = − 0.2 ± 0.1; P = 0.578; ES = − 0.04). There were no significant changes in the strength-related variables. No between-group differences were found in any of the variables. Conclusion A PER has similar effects to a SER on body composition and strength in resistance-trained women performing a CT program. Given that PER is more flexible and thus may enhance dietary adherence, it might be a better alternative for FM reduction compared to SER.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/ CBUA. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBU

Downregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 levels enhances cardiac insulin sensitivity and switches on cardioprotective gene expression patterns

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) has recently emerged as a negative modulator of insulin signalling. GRK2 downregulation improves insulin sensitivity and prevents systemic insulin resistance (IR). Cardiac GRK2 levels are increased in 5 human heart failure, while genetically inhibiting GRK2 leads to cardioprotection in mice. However, the molecular basis underlying the 6 deleterious effects of GRK2 up-regulation and the beneficial effects of its inhibition in the heart are not fully understood. Therefore, 7 we have explored the interconnections among a systemic IR status, GRK2 dosage and cardiac insulin sensitivity in adult (9 month-old) animals. GRK2+/- mice display enhanced cardiac insulin sensitivity and mild heart hypertrophy with preserved systolic function. Cardiac gene expression is reprogrammed in these animals, with increased expression of genes related to physiological hypertrophy, while the expression of genes related to pathological hypertrophy or to diabetes/obesity co-morbidities is repressed. Notably, we find that cardiac GRK2 levels increase in situations where IR develops, such as in ob/ob mice or after high fat diet feeding. Our data suggest that GRK2 downregulation/inhibition can help maintain cardiac function in the face of co-morbidities such as IR, diabetes or obesity by sustaining insulin sensitivity and promoting a gene expression reprogramming that confers cardioprotection.Grants from Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (SAF2011-23800), Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada (FIMA) and UTE project CIMA, The Cardiovascular Network of Ministerio Sanidad y Consumo-Instituto Carlos III (RD06-0014/0037 and RD12/0042/0012), Comunidad de Madrid (S2010/BMD-2332) and EFSD-Novo Nordisk to F.M and UAM Grupo Santander to C.M and Wood-Whelan Research Fellowship from IUBMB to E.L. We also acknowledge institutional support from Fundación Ramón Arece

Thyroid hormones inhibit TGF-β signaling and attenuate fibrotic responses

TGF-β, the most potent profibrogenic factor, acts by activating SMAD (mothers against decapentaplegic) transcription factors, which bind to SMAD-binding elements in target genes. Here, we show that the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), through binding to its nuclear receptors (TRs), is able to antagonize transcriptional activation by TGF-β/SMAD. This antagonism involves reduced phosphorylation of SMADs and a direct interaction of the receptors with SMAD3 and SMAD4 that is independent of T3-mediated transcriptional activity but requires residues in the receptor DNA binding domain. T3 reduces occupancy of SMADbinding elements in response to TGF-β, reducing histone acetylation and inhibiting transcription. In agreement with this transcriptional cross-talk, T3 is able to antagonize fibrotic processes in vivo. Liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride is attenuated by thyroid hormone administration to mice, whereas aged TR knockout mice spontaneously accumulate collagen. Furthermore, skin fibrosis induced by bleomycin administration is also reduced by the thyroid hormones. These findings define an important function of the thyroid hormone receptors and suggest TR ligands could have beneficial effects to block the progression of fibrotic diseases.This work was supported by Grants BFU2011-28058 and BFU2014-53610P from Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; S2011/BMD-2328 TIRONET from the Comunidad de Madrid; and RD12/0036/0030 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The cost of this publication has been paid in part by FEDER fund

Bevacizumab plus low-dose metronomic oral cyclophosphamide in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer

Este artículo ha sido publicado en Oncology Basel. Esta versión tiene Licencia Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND No puedo enviar el postprint porque no lo tienen disponible o no quieren facilitarmelo, en su lugar he aportado en la descripción del envió dos e mail en los cuales la editorial me da permiso por escrito para su depósito como puede ver en los mimos Adjunto e mails, si tiene ustd alguna otra sugerencia para poder hacer deposito por favor hagamelo saber 2º e mail: Dear Alfonso, Our reply is the written permission to deposit the article in the university’s repository – please find it attached once again. Kind regards, Veronika 1º e mail Veronika Duhovnikova Key Account Manager, Academic & Research Markets +41 61 306 12 43 [email protected] Dear Alfonso, Thank you for your email. As to your query, we are pleased to inform you that Karger permits authors to archive their pre-prints (i.e. pre-peer review) or post-prints (i.e. accepted manuscript after peer review but before production) on their personal or their institution’s internal website. In addition, authors may post their accepted manuscripts in public Open Access repositories and scientific networks (e.g. ResearchGate or Mendeley) no earlier than 12 months following the publication of the publisher’s versions. For all self-archiving options, the posted manuscripts must be - used for non-commercial purposes only - linked to the final version on Karger Publishers - include the following statement: ‘This is the peer-reviewed but unedited manuscript version of the following article: [insert full citation, e.g. Oncology 1 December 2010; 79 (1-2): 98–104, (DOI: 10.1159/000320602)]. The final, published version is available at [https://karger.com/ocl/article-abstract/79/1-2/98/328844/Bevacizumab-plus-Low-Dose-Metronomic-Oral?redirectedFrom=fulltext].’ For papers published online first with a DOI number only, full citation details must be added as soon as the paper is published in its final version. This is important to ensure that citations can be credited to the article. It is the author’s responsibility to fulfil these requirements. Further information about Karger’s Self-Archiving Policy can be found on the Karger website https://karger.com/pages/rights-and-permissions ‘How can I share it?’ and on SherpaRomeo Welcome to Sherpa Romeo - v2.sherpa. Please feel free to contact us again, if you need any further information. Kind regards, Veronika Veronika Duhovnikova Key Account Manager, Academic & Research Markets +41 61 306 12 43 [email protected]: To retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus low-dose metronomic oral cyclophosphamide in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and prior treatment with platinum- and taxanebased chemotherapy were included. Treatment consisted of bevacizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks plus oral cyclophosphamide 50 mg daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Response rates (RR) were determined according to RECIST criteria and by monitoring the CA 125 serum tumor marker according to Rustin’s criteria.The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), RR, overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: Thirty-eight patients were treated; 79% were platinum resistant and 21% were platinum sensitive. The median number of previous treatments was 4 (range 1–8). Seventy-nine percent of patients had received more than 2 previous lines of treatment. Eightyone percent of patients had received gemcitabine, 76% liposomal doxorubicin, and 50% topotecan. A median of 8 (range 1–70) cycles of bevacizumab were administered. The overall RR was a complete response (CR) in 3 patients (8.1%), a partial response (PR) in 12 (32.4%), and stable disease (SD) 6 6 months in 3 (8.1%). The median PFS and OS were 4.5 and 10.7 months, respectively. Thirty-nine percent of patients were progression free for at least 6 months. In an exploratory analysis there was a significant relation of prior platinum response and performance status with the risk of progression.Grade 3–4 toxicities included anemia (1), hypertension (2), hematuria (1), arterial thrombosis in the leg (1), dyspnea (1), and intestinal fistulae (1). There were no cases of gastrointestinal perforation (GIP) or treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: The combination of bevacizumab and metronomic cyclophosphamide was active and well-tolerated in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent ovarian cancer

Porfirio de Tiro. Contra los cristianos. Recopilación de fragmentos, traducción, introducción y notas

A pesar del estado precario y sospechoso en que nos han llegado las argumentaciones, el conjunto de las referencias cristianas de Porfirio constituye una fuente de excepcional importancia para formarse un juicio respecto a los temas de interés del polemista pagano. Este corpus es su verdadera Biblia y, dado nuestro conocimiento fragmentario y secundario de la obra, una valiosa fuente de información.180 págs