Metodología para la inclusión del uso de TICs en el aula en estudios relacionados con sostenibilidad.

[ES] Este trabajo presenta la metodología desarrollada para la inclusión del uso de las TICs como instrumento de apoyo para la adquisición de habilidades y competencias en el ámbito de los estudios de la sostenibilidad en el aula, en estudios universitarios. De esta manera, se pretende fomentar el interés y el entusiasmo de los estudiantes en el Desarrollo Sostenible, tanto en los aspectos más generales que afectan a la vida cotidiana como en el desempeño de la carrera profesional. Para ello, se propone el empleo de las TICs, como medio de comunicación entre el alumnado y el profesorado, a través de plataformas virtuales y herramientas on-line, como Google forms® y Kahoot®, así como otras propias de las propias universidades. La metodología presentada se compone de: una guía para su aplicación, una encuesta, un juego a desarrollar en el aula, y una herramienta propia para la recogida de datos.[EN] This paper presents the methodology developed to include the use of ICTs as a tool for the acquisition of skills and competences related to sustainability in university courses. The main objective is to attract the interest and enthusiasm of the students in Sustainable Development, both in personal related aspects and during the development of their professional career. For this purpose, the use of ICTs tools is proposed, which will serve as a mean of communication between the students and the professor through several platforms and online applications, such as Google forms®, Kahoot and those specific tools of each university. The methodology is composed of a guide for its implementation, an online survey, a game to carry out in class and an ad-hoc software for gathering additional specific information.Arroyo, R.; De Oliveira Jardim, E.; Lo-Iacono-Ferreira, VG. (2021). Metodología para la inclusión del uso de TICs en el aula en estudios relacionados con sostenibilidad. En IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 801-809. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2020.2020.12028OCS80180

Influence of the metal precursor on the catalytic behavior of Pt/Ceria catalysts in the preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of H2 (PROX)

The effect of the metal precursor (presence or absence of chlorine) on the preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of H2 over Pt/CeO2 catalysts has been studied. The catalysts are prepared using (Pt(NH3)4)(NO3)2 and H2PtCl6, as precursors, in order to ascertain the effect of the chlorine species on the chemical properties of the support and on the catalytic behavior of these systems in the PROX reaction. The results show that chloride species exert an important effect on the redox properties of the oxide support due to surface chlorination. Consequently, the chlorinated catalyst exhibits a poorer catalytic activity at low temperatures compared with the chlorine-free catalyst, and this is accompanied by a higher selectivity to CO2 even at high reaction temperatures. It is proposed that the CO oxidation mechanism follows different pathways on each catalyst.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Project MAT2010-21147) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2009/002 – FEDER and PROMETEOII/2014/004) (Spain). EOJ thanks the CNPq – Brazil for her grant

Carbon-based monoliths with improved thermal and mechanical properties for methane storage

A series of activated carbon materials have been prepared from petroleum residue using KOH as activating agent. The gravimetric adsorption capacity for methane of the synthesized samples increases with the activation degree, albeit at a lower packing density of the carbon material. These results anticipate an optimum pitch/KOH ratio (1:3) to achieve an upper limit in the volumetric storage capacity. Activated carbon powders have been conformed into monoliths using a small amount of a binder (5 wt%), either carboxymethyl cellulose or polyvinyl alcohol, with proper mechanical properties. Incorporation of graphite or graphene in the initial formulation does not alter and/or modify significantly the textural properties of the original activated carbon. However, once conformed into monoliths, the presence of graphite or graphene allows to improve i) the packing density of the monoliths (up to 0.52 g/cm3), ii) their mechanical properties (compressive strength ≈ 12.3 MPa) and iii) their thermal conductivity (up to 0.49 W/mK) without compromising the methane storage capacity (ca. 100 V/V).Authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Project PID2019-108453GB-C21), MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and EU “NextGeneration/PRTR (Project PCI2020-111968 /3D-Photocat) and NATO SPS program (Project G5683)

Activated carbon materials with a rich surface chemistry prepared from L-cysteine amino acid

A series of activated carbon materials have been successfully prepared from a non-essential amino acid, such as L-cysteine. The synthesized carbons combine a widely developed porous structure (BET surface area up to 1000 m2/g) and a rich surface chemistry (mainly oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur functionalities). These surface functional groups are relatively stable even after a high temperature thermal treatment (O>N∼S). Experimental results show that these samples with a rich surface chemistry exhibit a significant improvement in their hydrophilic character. Although the role of the surface functional groups is less pronounced for the adsorption of non-polar molecules such as CO2, CH4 and C2H4, their adsorption at atmospheric pressure is to some extend conditioned by the characteristics of the adsorbent-adsorbate interactions. The synthesized carbons exhibit an excellent adsorption performance for CO2 (up to 3 mmol/g at 0°C). Furthermore, samples with a low activation degree exhibit molecular sieving properties with very promising CO2/CH4 (up to 4.5) and C2H4/CH4 (up to 6) selectivity ratios. These results anticipate that non-essential amino acids are a versatile platform to obtain carbon materials combining a tailored porous structure and rich multifunctional surface chemistry and with potential application for gas adsorption/separation processes.Authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the MINECO (Projects PID2019-108453GB-C21 and PCI2020-111968/ERANET-M/3D-Photocat) and NATO SPS program (Project G5683)

Structural Deterioration of Well‐Faceted MOFs upon H2S Exposure and Its Effect in the Adsorption Performance

The structural deterioration of archetypical, well‐faceted metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been evaluated upon exposure to an acidic environment (H2S). Experimental results show that the structural damage highly depends on the nature of the hybrid network (e.g., softness of the metal ions, hydrophilic properties, among others) and the crystallographic orientation of the exposed facets. Microscopy images show that HKUST‐1 with well‐defined octahedral (111) facets is completely deteriorated, ZIF‐8 with preferentially exposed (110) facets exhibits a large external deterioration with the development of holes or cavities in the mesoporous range, whereas UiO‐66‐NH2 with (111) exposed facets, and PCN‐250 with (100) facets does not reflect any sign of surface damage. Despite the selectivity in the external deterioration, X‐ray diffraction and gas adsorption measurements confirm that indeed all MOFs suffer an important internal deterioration, these effects being more severe for MOFs based on softer cations (e.g., Cu‐based HKUST‐1 and Fe‐based PCN‐250). These structural changes have inevitable important effects in the final adsorption performance for CO2 and CH4 at low and high pressures.JSA would like to acknowledge financial support from the MINECO (Project MAT2016-80285-p). I.I. and D.M. would like to acknowledge financial support from the Spanish MINECO (Project RTI2018-095622-B-100), and Catalan AGAUR (Project 2017 SGR 238), the ERC, under the EU-FP7 (ERC-Co 615954) and the CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya. ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Program from the Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706)

Highly dispersed Ptδ+ on TixCe(1−x)O2 as an active phase in preferential oxidation of CO

Structure–activity relationships for 1 wt.% Pt catalysts were investigated for a series of TixCe(1−x)O2 (x = 1, 0.98, 0.9, 0.5, 0.2 and 0) supports prepared by the sol–gel method. The catalysts prepared by impregnation were characterized in detail by applying a wide range of techniques as N2-isotherms, XRF, XRD, Raman, XPS, H2-TPR, Drifts, UV–vis, etc. and tested in the preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of H2. Also several reaction conditions were deeply analyzed. A strong correlation between catalyst performance and the electronic properties let us to propose, based in all the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism where several redox cycles are involved.Financial support from Generalitat Valenciana and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) through projects PROME-TEOII/2014/004 and MAT2010-21147 is gratefully acknowledged. EOJ also thanks the CNPq – Brazil for her grant. EVRF gratefully acknowledge the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain) for his Ramon y Cajal grant (RYC-2012-11427)

Hierarchical Catalysts Prepared by Interzeolite Transformation

Interzeolite transformation has been used to produce a novel family of hierarchical catalysts featuring excellent textural properties, strong acidity, and superior catalytic performance for the Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indole with benzhydrol, the Claisen–Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and hydroxyacetophenone, and the cracking of polystyrene. Intermediate solids of the FAU interzeolite transformation into BEA display both increased accessibility─due to the development of mesoporosity─and strong acidity─caused by the presence of ultrasmall crystals or zeolitic fragments in their structure. The use of surfactants allows for the development of the hierarchical catalysts with very narrow pore size distribution. The properties of interzeolite transformation intermediates (ITIs) can be fine-tuned simply by stopping the interconversion at different times.The authors thank the European Commission for funding through the H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019 program (Ref. ZEOBIOCHEM-872102) and the Spanish MINECO and AEI/FEDER, UE, through Project Ref. RTI2018-099504-B-C21. N.L. also acknowledges the University of Alicante support (UATALENTO17-05). M.J.M. thanks the Generalitat Valenciana for a PhD fellowship (GRISOLIAP/2020/165). Carlos A. Trujillo and Nelcari T. Ramírez M. express their gratitude to the Universidad Nacional de Colombia for providing physical and technical resources for this research also to Minciencias and Ecopetrol in the frame of Contract 0402-2013

Preferential oxidation of CO in excess of H2 on Pt/CeO2–Nb2O5 catalysts

A series of CeO2–Nb2O5 mixed oxides with different Nb content, as well as the pure oxides, have been synthesized by co-precipitation with excess urea. These materials have been used as supports for platinum catalysts, with [Pt(NH3)4](NO3)2 as precursor. Both supports and catalysts have been characterized by several techniques: N2 physisorption at 77 K, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction and temperature-programmed desorption (CO and H2), and their catalytic behaviour has been determined in the PROX reaction, both with an ideal gas mixture (CO, O2 and H2) and in simulated reformate gas containing CO2 and H2O. Raman spectroscopy analysis has shown the likely substitution of some Ce4+ cations by Nb5+ to some extent in supports with low niobium contents. Moreover, the presence of Nb in the supports hinders their ability to adsorb CO and to oxidize it to CO2. However, an improvement of the catalytic activity for CO oxidation is obtained by adding Nb to the support, although the Pt/Nb2O5 catalyst shows very low activity. The best results are found with the Pt/0.7CeO2–0.3Nb2O5 catalyst, which shows a high CO conversion (85%) and a high yield (around 0.6) after a reduction treatment at 523 K. The effect of the presence of CO2 and H2O in the feed has also been determined.The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial sup-port from the MINECO (Spain, Project MAT2010-21147) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2009/002–FEDER and PROMETEOII/2014/004–FEDER). EVRF thanks the MINECO for his Ramón y Cajal Fellowship RYC-2012-11427. EOJ thanks the CNPq – Brazil for her grant

Evaluation of the textural properties of ultramicroporous carbons using experimental and theoretical methods

Spherical carbon molecular sieves (CMS) have selective adsorptive properties which are suitable for separation and purification of gas mixtures. Precise methods of characterization are needed to understand the performance of CMS in separation processes. To this end, the pore size distribution (PSD) of four carbon molecular sieves were evaluated experimentally using immersion calorimetry and complemented with gas adsorption measurements at cryogenic temperatures for N2, O2 and Ar, and at 273 K for CO2. Theoretical pore size distributions were estimated using two-dimensional non-local Density Functional Theory (2D-NLDFT) models. Calorimetry results showed that B and C samples had a narrow pore size distribution with pores below 0.7 nm. Meanwhile, the pore size distributions calculated from O2 and Ar adsorption isotherms, gave an apex in the 0.5–0.6 nm region for all the carbons together with a growing development of porosity at around 0.8 nm and above for carbons A and D. The agreement observed between experiments and theory confirmed the validity of the theoretical 2D-NLDFT models to anticipate the PSD. Carbon C with pores exclusively below 0.7 nm separated CO2 and CH4 while carbon D with pores in the supermicroporous region separated propane and propylene chromatographically.JSA would like to acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (MAT2016-80285-p), Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/004) and H2020 (MSCA-RISE-2016/NanoMed Project)

CH4 and CO2 Adsorption Study in ZIF-8 and Al-BDC MOFs

CH4 and CO2 adsorption capacity at 25, 50 and 75°C was evaluated in two metal-organic frameworks: Al-BDC and ZIF-8, the later with zeolite topology. Adsorption experiments were carried out under static conditions using a gravimetric suspension balance until 40 bar of pressure. Adsorption isotherms of type I were obtained for both materials showing high adsorption capacity values. ZIF-8 exhibited the higher uptake value for both CH4 and CO2 (4.9 and 8.5 mmol g-1, respectively). The Toth equilibrium model was used to fit experimental isotherms in order to obtain qm (maximum adsorption capacity) and t (related to energetical heterogeneity of the surface). Isosteric heats of adsorption were also calculated by Clausius-Clapeyron equation.Thanks to UNESCO/Keizo Obuchi Research Fellowships Programme (UNESCO/Japan Young Researcher’s Fellowship Program), Cycle 2012, Programa de Becas para la realización de la tesis doctoral en la Universidad de Málaga convocatoria curso 2011-2012 (AUIP-UMA), European project 295156, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IRSES and MINECO, Spain, Project CTQ2015-68951-C3-3-R and FEDER funds. Dr. Giselle Autié Castro thanks to CNPq-TWAS Postdoctoral Fellowship 2014 and its financial support