3,273 research outputs found
A numerical study of Penrose-like inequalities in a family of axially symmetric initial data
Our current picture of black hole gravitational collapse relies on two
assumptions: i) the resulting singularity is hidden behind an event horizon --
weak cosmic censorship conjecture -- and ii) spacetime eventually settles down
to a stationarity state. In this setting, it follows that the minimal area
containing an apparent horizon is bound by the square of the total ADM mass
(Penrose inequality conjecture). Following Dain et al. 2002, we construct
numerically a family of axisymmetric initial data with one or several
marginally trapped surfaces. Penrose and related geometric inequalities are
discused for these data. As a by-product, it is shown how Penrose inequality
can be used as a diagnosis for an apparent horizon finder numerical routine.Comment: Contribution to the "Encuentros Relativistas Espanoles - Spanish
Relativity Meeting ERE07" Proceedings, Tenerife, Spain (September 2007
Extended diffeomorphism algebras in (quantum) gravitational physics
We construct an explicit representation of the algebra of local
diffeomorphisms of a manifold with realistic dimensions. This is achieved in
the setting of a general approach to the (quantum) dynamics of a physical
system which is characterized by the fundamental role assigned to a basic
underlying symmetry. The developed mathematical formalism makes contact with
the relevant gravitational notions by means of the addition of some extra
structure. The specific manners in which this is accomplished, together with
their corresponding physical interpretation, lead to different gravitational
models. Distinct strategies are in fact briefly outlined, showing the
versatility of the present conceptual framework.Comment: 20 pages, LATEX, no figure
Typology of small producers in transition to agroecological production
ArticleAgroecology is now emerging as the fundamental science to guide the conversion of
conventional production systems to more diversified and self-sufficient systems. The
agroecological transition is defined as the gradual change that farmers undergo to adapt and move
from more conventional towards agroecological farming principles, encompassing technological,
societal, institutional and organisational changes in the food system. To analyze a transition
process, it is initially necessary to understand how agroecosystems work (their structure and
processes), and the different ways human beings intervene an ecosystem in order to transform it
for productive purposes.Farm systems typology and classification techniques are used to guide
strategic lines of research, sectorial policies, and promote sustainable development in response to
farmer’s needs. Determining multidimensional classification methods in agricultural systems is
necessary, considering both the variables inherent to the production system and those of an
external nature that indirectly impact the development and long-term sustainability of production
systems. One of the purposes of this research was to characterize agricultural production based
on sustainability systems and environmental, social, and economic indicators. The study was
carried out based on data collected from 71 farm surveys, considering the social, economic,
environmental, and technological dimensions. Multiple correspondence and cluster analysis were
done. Three types of production systems were obtained: Group I, organic producers in transition;
Group II, conventional producers in transition to organic production; and Group III, conventional
producers interested in organic production. Producers need to focus on processes that allow them
to improve their skills to develop human talent and social capital in terms of integration,
collaborative work, trust, political and cultural capital, so that they can make progress easily and
start implementing agroecological, infrastructure, and natural resources management practices,
while improving their living standards. The information yielded by a typology process allows for
us to know the current state of agricultural production systems based on the implementation of
agroecological practices; thus facilitating the preparation and implementation of participatory
plans and/or integrative proposals that promote agrofood sustainability
PT-symmetry from Lindblad dynamics in a linearized optomechanical system
We analyze a lossy linearized optomechanical system in the red-detuned regime under the rotating wave approximation. This so-called optomechanical state transfer protocol provides effective lossy frequency converter (quantum beam-splitter-like) dynamics where the strength of the coupling between the electromagnetic and mechanical modes is controlled by the optical steady-state amplitude. By restricting to a subspace with no losses, we argue that the transition from mode-hybridization in the strong coupling regime to the damped-dynamics in the weak coupling regime, is a signature of the passive parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking transition in the underlying non-Hermitian quantum dimer. We compare the dynamics generated by the quantum open system (Langevin or Lindblad) approach to that of the PT-symmetric Hamiltonian, to characterize the cases where the two are identical. Additionally, we numerically explore the evolution of separable and correlated number states at zero temperature as well as thermal initial state evolution at room temperature. Our results provide a pathway for realizing non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in optomechanical systems at a quantum level
Diseño, síntesis y evaluación citotóxica de un inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) mediante cribado virtual
La depresión es una de las enfermedades mentales más comunes y afecta a casi 300 millones de personas. Según la OMS, la depresión es una de las principales causas de discapacidad y morbilidad en el mundo. Las personas que padecen esta enfermedad requieren tratamiento tanto psicológico como farmacológico, ya que los episodios depresivos graves suelen desembocar en suicidio. Los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) son antidepresivos muy utilizados que actúan sobre el transportador humano de serotonina (hSERT). La cristalización del hSERT y los datos experimentales disponibles permiten utilizar herramientas computacionales de coste y tiempo eficientes, como el cribado virtual (VS), en el desarrollo de agentes terapéuticos. En este trabajo sintetizamos, caracterizamos y evaluamos la actividad biológica de un nuevo análogo ISRS de la paroxetina, diseñado racionalmente mediante la aplicación de un modelo QSAR basado en redes neuronales artificiales y un análisis de acoplamiento molecular sobre hSERT. El análogo N-sustituido 18a mostró mayor afinidad por el transportador (-10,2 kcal/mol), menor valor Ki (1,19 nM) y un perfil toxicológico más seguro que la paroxetina y se sintetizó con un rendimiento del 71%. La citotoxicidad in vitro del análogo se evaluó utilizando líneas celulares de glioblastoma humano (U87 MG), neuroblastoma humano (SH SY5Y) y fibroblastos murinos (L929). También se evaluó la capacidad hemolítica del compuesto en eritrocitos humanos. Los resultados mostraron que el análogo 18a no mostró actividad citotóxica en las líneas celulares utilizadas y no tiene actividad hemolítica en ninguna de las concentraciones ensayadas, mientras que con paroxetina se observó hemólisis a 2,3, 1,29 y 0,67 mM. En base a estos resultados, es posible sugerir que el análogo 18a podría ser un nuevo y prometedor candidato a ISRS para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad.Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses, affecting almost 300 million people. According to the WHO, depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability and morbidity. People with this illness require both psychological and pharmaceutical treatment because severe depressive episodes often result in suicide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used antidepressants that target the human serotonin transporter (hSERT). The crystallization of hSERT and the experimental data available allows cost and time-efficient computational tools like virtual screening (VS) to be utilized in the development of therapeutic agents. Here, we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated the biological activity of a novel SSRI analog of paroxetine, rationally designed by applying an artificial neural network-based QSAR model and a molecular docking analysis on hSERT. The analog N-substituted 18a showed higher affinity for the transporter (-10.2 kcal/mol), lower Ki value (1.19 nM) and a safer toxicological profile than paroxetine and was synthesized with a 71% yield. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the analog was evaluated using human glioblastoma (U87 MG), human neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y) and murine fibroblast (L929) cell lines. Also, the hemolytic ability of the compound was assessed on human erythrocytes. Results showed that analog 18a did not exhibit cytotoxic activity on the cell lines used and has no hemolytic activity at any of the concentrations tested, whereas with paroxetine, hemolysis was observed at 2.3, 1.29 y 0.67 mM. Based on these results, it is possible to suggest that analog 18a could be a promising new SSRI candidate for the treatment of this illness
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Molybdenum Disulfide Catalytic Coatings via Atomic Layer Deposition for Solar Hydrogen Production from Copper Gallium Diselenide Photocathodes
We demonstrate that applying atomic layer deposition-derived molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) catalytic coatings on copper gallium diselenide (CGSe) thin film absorbers can lead to efficient wide band gap photocathodes for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. We have prepared a device that is free of precious metals, employing a CGSe absorber and a cadmium sulfide (CdS) buffer layer, a titanium dioxide (TiO2) interfacial layer, and a MoS2 catalytic layer. The resulting MoS2/TiO2/CdS/CGSe photocathode exhibits a photocurrent onset of +0.53 V vs RHE and a saturation photocurrent density of -10 mA cm-2, with stable operation for >5 h in acidic electrolyte. Spectroscopic investigations of this device architecture indicate that overlayer degradation occurs inhomogeneously, ultimately exposing the underlying CGSe absorber
Study of multi black hole and ring singularity apparent horizons
We study critical black hole separations for the formation of a common
apparent horizon in systems of - black holes in a time symmetric
configuration. We study in detail the aligned equal mass cases for ,
and relate them to the unequal mass binary black hole case. We then study the
apparent horizon of the time symmetric initial geometry of a ring singularity
of different radii. The apparent horizon is used as indicative of the location
of the event horizon in an effort to predict a critical ring radius that would
generate an event horizon of toroidal topology. We found that a good estimate
for this ring critical radius is . We briefly discuss the
connection of this two cases through a discrete black hole 'necklace'
configuration.Comment: 31 pages, 21 figure
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