La inmigración japonesa al Valle del Cauca

Una de las inmigraciones menos estudiadas en Colombia es aquella de los japoneses que llegaron durante la década de 1920 al suroccidente colombiano, en un principio al Cauca, y posteriormente al Valle del Cauca. El propósito de este texto es explicar, a través de la legislación colombiana y japonesa, la evolución de las migraciones dirigidas que llegaron a Colombia, en especial, se señalará por qué el Japón la auspició. Además, el autor buscará exponer cómo progresó, paulatinamente, la colonia de El Jagual en Corinto Cauca, y a partir de ello, mostrar la rápida adaptación de sus colonos a la sociedad receptora. Finalmente, se señalará cuáles fueron los significativos legados que los migrantes japoneses, y sus diferentes tipos de actividades, dejaron en la sociedad vallecaucana y colombiana en general

Cannabis in Paraguay, present and perspectives

El uso medicinal del cannabis ha sido autorizado en Paraguay desde el año 2017. Desde entonces, han surgido varias normativas que buscan regular su producción, comercialización y utilización. Así también, en cuanto a lo recreativo, siguen vigentes leyes del año 1988 en donde se especifica la cantidad permitida para la utilización personal, las prohibiciones y los castigos pertinentes. Se ha aplicado una encuesta en la cual las personas muestran una gran aceptación y apoyo a favor del uso medicinal del cannabis pero, para el uso recreativo, las apreciaciones son equilibradas. La investigación realizada muestra que si bien existen normativas sobre el ámbito medicinal y recreativo, en nuestro país la legislación sobre el uso del cannabis se encuentra en evolución y pleno desarrollo. Es posible que, mediante futuras y necesarias investigaciones y un análisis social, se pueda llegar a consolidar el uso del cannabis y sus derivados, en diferentes áreas, de manera segura y regulada en el país.InParaguay,theproduction,commercialization, and use of Cannabis are regulated. Medicinal use was authorized in 2017 by Law 6007/2017. As for Cannabis for recreational use, Law 1340 /1988 is still in force where the amount allowed for personal use, prohibitions, and punishments in case of law violations are specified. In the present study, we survey the general public's opinion about the use andlegalization of Cannabis and subsequently analyzed the national legislation in force. We found that a large percentage of respondents favored the medicinal use of Cannabis while, regarding recreational use, opinions were balanced both for and against it.Fil: Jara Villamayor, Jorge Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Fernández Ríos, Danilo. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Moura Mendes, Juliana. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Colmán, Adan Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Arrúa, Andrea Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paragua

Cannabis in Paraguay, present and perspectives

El uso medicinal del cannabis ha sido autorizado en Paraguay desde el año 2017. Desde entonces, han surgido varias normativas que buscan regular su producción, comercialización y utilización. Así también, en cuanto a lo recreativo, siguen vigentes leyes del año 1988 en donde se especifica la cantidad permitida para la utilización personal, las prohibiciones y los castigos pertinentes. Se ha aplicado una encuesta en la cual las personas muestran una gran aceptación y apoyo a favor del uso medicinal del cannabis pero, para el uso recreativo, las apreciaciones son equilibradas. La investigación realizada muestra que si bien existen normativas sobre el ámbito medicinal y recreativo, en nuestro país la legislación sobre el uso del cannabis se encuentra en evolución y pleno desarrollo. Es posible que, mediante futuras y necesarias investigaciones y un análisis social, se pueda llegar a consolidar el uso del cannabis y sus derivados, en diferentes áreas, de manera segura y regulada en el país.InParaguay,theproduction,commercialization, and use of Cannabis are regulated. Medicinal use was authorized in 2017 by Law 6007/2017. As for Cannabis for recreational use, Law 1340 /1988 is still in force where the amount allowed for personal use, prohibitions, and punishments in case of law violations are specified. In the present study, we survey the general public's opinion about the use andlegalization of Cannabis and subsequently analyzed the national legislation in force. We found that a large percentage of respondents favored the medicinal use of Cannabis while, regarding recreational use, opinions were balanced both for and against it.Fil: Jara Villamayor, Jorge Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Fernández Ríos, Danilo. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Moura Mendes, Juliana. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Colmán, Adan Agustín. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; ParaguayFil: Vallejo, Mariana Guadalupe. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Arrúa, Andrea Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Asunción; Paragua

Proposed global prognostic score for systemic mastocytosis: a retrospective prognostic modelling study

[Background]: Several risk stratification models have been proposed in recent years for systemic mastocytosis but have not been directly compared. Here we designed and validated a risk stratification model for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in systemic mastocytosis on the basis of all currently available prognostic factors, and compared its predictive capacity for patient outcome with that of other risk scores.[Methods]: We did a retrospective prognostic modelling study based on patients diagnosed with systemic mastocytosis between March 1, 1983, and Oct 11, 2019. In a discovery cohort of 422 patients from centres of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), we evaluated previously identified, independent prognostic features for prognostic effect on PFS and OS by multivariable analysis, and designed a global prognostic score for mastocytosis (GPSM) aimed at predicting PFS (GPSM-PFS) and OS (GPSM-OS) by including only those variables that showed independent prognostic value (p<0·05). The GPSM scores were validated in an independent cohort of 853 patients from centres in Europe and the USA, and compared with pre-existing risk models in the total patient series (n=1275), with use of Harrells' concordance index (C-index) as a readout of the ability of each model to risk-stratify patients according to survival outcomes.[Findings]: Our GPSM-PFS and GPSM-OS models were based on unique combinations of independent prognostic factors for PFS (platelet count ≤100 × 109 cells per L, serum β2-microglobulin ≥2·5 μg/mL, and serum baseline tryptase ≥125 μg/L) and OS (haemoglobin ≤110 g/L, serum alkaline phosphatase ≥140 IU/L, and at least one mutation in SRSF2, ASXL1, RUNX1, or DNMT3A). The models showed clear discrimination between low-risk and high-risk patients in terms of worse PFS and OS prognoses in the discovery and validation cohorts, and further discrimination of intermediate-risk patients. The GPSM-PFS score was an accurate predictor of PFS in systemic mastocytosis (C-index 0·90 [95% CI 0·87–0·93], vs values ranging from 0·85 to 0·88 for pre-existing models), particularly in non-advanced systemic mastocytosis (C-index 0·85 [0·76–0·92], within the range for pre-existing models of 0·80 to 0·93). Additionally, the GPSM-OS score was able to accurately predict OS in the entire cohort (C-index 0·92 [0·89–0·94], vs 0·67 to 0·90 for pre-existing models), and showed some capacity to predict OS in advanced systemic mastocytosis (C-index 0·72 [0·66–0·78], vs 0·64 to 0·73 for pre-existing models).[Interpretation]: All evaluated risk classifications predicted survival outcomes in systemic mastocytosis. The REMA-PFS and GPSM-PFS models for PFS, and the International Prognostic Scoring System for advanced systemic mastocytosis and GPSM-OS model for OS emerged as the most accurate models, indicating that robust prognostication might be prospectively achieved on the basis of biomarkers that are accessible in diagnostic laboratories worldwide.Carlos III Health Institute, European Regional Development Fund, Spanish Association of Mastocytosis and Related Diseases, Rare Diseases Strategy of the Spanish National Health System, Junta of Castile and León, Charles and Ann Johnson Foundation, Stanford Cancer Institute Innovation Fund, Austrian Science Fund

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

La inmigración japonesa al Valle del Cauca

Una de las inmigraciones menos estudiadas en Colombia es aquella de los japoneses que llegaron durante la década de 1920 al suroccidente colombiano, en un principio al Cauca, y posteriormente al Valle del Cauca. El propósito de este texto es explicar, a través de la legislación colombiana y japonesa, la evolución de las migraciones dirigidas que llegaron a Colombia, en especial, se señalará por qué el Japón la auspició. Además, el autor buscará exponer cómo progresó, paulatinamente, la colonia de El Jagual en Corinto Cauca, y a partir de ello, mostrar la rápida adaptación de sus colonos a la sociedad receptora. Finalmente, se señalará cuáles fueron los significativos legados que los migrantes japoneses, y sus diferentes tipos de actividades, dejaron en la sociedad vallecaucana y colombiana en general

La inmigración japonesa al Valle del Cauca

Una de las inmigraciones menos estudiadas en Colombia es aquella de los japoneses que llegaron durante la década de 1920 al suroccidente colombiano, en un principio al Cauca, y posteriormente al Valle del Cauca. El propósito de este texto es explicar, a través de la legislación colombiana y japonesa, la evolución de las migraciones dirigidas que llegaron a Colombia, en especial, se señalará por qué el Japón la auspició. Además, el autor buscará exponer cómo progresó, paulatinamente, la colonia de El Jagual en Corinto Cauca, y a partir de ello, mostrar la rápida adaptación de sus colonos a la sociedad receptora. Finalmente, se señalará cuáles fueron los significativos legados que los migrantes japoneses, y sus diferentes tipos de actividades, dejaron en la sociedad vallecaucana y colombiana en general

Crustal structure of the Western Azuero Peninsula, Panama : Insights into the structure of accretionary complexes and forearc ophiolites

Detailed geologic mapping (639 field stations in ~700 km2) and a ~50 km-long gravity survey (142 stations) in the western Azuero Peninsula revealed two faulted and folded slivers of oceanic crust attached to the trailing edge of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (CLIP). Our new data, along with published geochronology, allowed us to reconstruct the Cretaceous forearc configuration of the trailing edge of the CLIP prior to seamount collision, ophiolite accretion, and whole-margin deformation. The ophiolite in western Azuero is composed of two tectonic slivers arranged in south-verging, imbricated thrust faults that stack a ~73 Ma pillow, flow, and picritic basalt and black chert, together with a ~ 89–93 Ma and older basalt flows and capping red chert sequences. Accretion of these slivers to form a supra-subduction zone ophiolite resulted from the middle Eocene collision and accretion of Galapagos seamounts against the trailing edge of the CLIP. Accreted seamounts are arranged in a north-verging antiformal stack duplex, and below the thrust sheets. Change in kinematics after fission of the Cocos-Nazca Plate during early Miocene times prompted the propagation of the Azuero-Sona fault zone flower structure, favouring the preservation of these slivers of oceanic crust

Proposed global prognostic score for systemic mastocytosis: a retrospective prognostic modelling study

[Background]: Several risk stratification models have been proposed in recent years for systemic mastocytosis but have not been directly compared. Here we designed and validated a risk stratification model for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in systemic mastocytosis on the basis of all currently available prognostic factors, and compared its predictive capacity for patient outcome with that of other risk scores.[Methods]: We did a retrospective prognostic modelling study based on patients diagnosed with systemic mastocytosis between March 1, 1983, and Oct 11, 2019. In a discovery cohort of 422 patients from centres of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA), we evaluated previously identified, independent prognostic features for prognostic effect on PFS and OS by multivariable analysis, and designed a global prognostic score for mastocytosis (GPSM) aimed at predicting PFS (GPSM-PFS) and OS (GPSM-OS) by including only those variables that showed independent prognostic value (p<0·05). The GPSM scores were validated in an independent cohort of 853 patients from centres in Europe and the USA, and compared with pre-existing risk models in the total patient series (n=1275), with use of Harrells' concordance index (C-index) as a readout of the ability of each model to risk-stratify patients according to survival outcomes.[Findings]: Our GPSM-PFS and GPSM-OS models were based on unique combinations of independent prognostic factors for PFS (platelet count ≤100 × 109 cells per L, serum β2-microglobulin ≥2·5 μg/mL, and serum baseline tryptase ≥125 μg/L) and OS (haemoglobin ≤110 g/L, serum alkaline phosphatase ≥140 IU/L, and at least one mutation in SRSF2, ASXL1, RUNX1, or DNMT3A). The models showed clear discrimination between low-risk and high-risk patients in terms of worse PFS and OS prognoses in the discovery and validation cohorts, and further discrimination of intermediate-risk patients. The GPSM-PFS score was an accurate predictor of PFS in systemic mastocytosis (C-index 0·90 [95% CI 0·87–0·93], vs values ranging from 0·85 to 0·88 for pre-existing models), particularly in non-advanced systemic mastocytosis (C-index 0·85 [0·76–0·92], within the range for pre-existing models of 0·80 to 0·93). Additionally, the GPSM-OS score was able to accurately predict OS in the entire cohort (C-index 0·92 [0·89–0·94], vs 0·67 to 0·90 for pre-existing models), and showed some capacity to predict OS in advanced systemic mastocytosis (C-index 0·72 [0·66–0·78], vs 0·64 to 0·73 for pre-existing models).[Interpretation]: All evaluated risk classifications predicted survival outcomes in systemic mastocytosis. The REMA-PFS and GPSM-PFS models for PFS, and the International Prognostic Scoring System for advanced systemic mastocytosis and GPSM-OS model for OS emerged as the most accurate models, indicating that robust prognostication might be prospectively achieved on the basis of biomarkers that are accessible in diagnostic laboratories worldwide.Carlos III Health Institute, European Regional Development Fund, Spanish Association of Mastocytosis and Related Diseases, Rare Diseases Strategy of the Spanish National Health System, Junta of Castile and León, Charles and Ann Johnson Foundation, Stanford Cancer Institute Innovation Fund, Austrian Science Fund

Promoción de la salud y entornos saludables

Acn&eacute; juvenil, presentaci&oacute;n de 2 casos cl&iacute;nicosAlta ingesta de prote&iacute;nas y su relaci&oacute;n con el aumento de tejido adiposo en preescolaresAn&aacute;lisis para la integraci&oacute;n entre salud y educaci&oacute;n para el desarrollo de programas de promoci&oacute;nCalidad de los estilos de vida de funcionarios acad&eacute;micos de la Universidad del Biob&iacute;oCambios en el patr&oacute;n de consumo de alimentos en ni&ntilde;os con un kiosco saludableCaracter&iacute;sticas del sue&ntilde;o habitual y su relaci&oacute;n con el nivel de somnolencia diurna en adolescentesCaracterizaci&oacute;n de informaci&oacute;n acerca de promoci&oacute;n de salud poblaci&oacute;n urbana de Temuco, Regi&oacute;n de la Araucan&iacute;a, ChileComportamiento sexual durante el embarazo en usuarias de centros de salud, La Florida, Santiago, 2006Estado nutricional y actividad f&iacute;sica en escolares de 1&ordm;, 5&ordm; y 8&ordm; b&aacute;sico de Arica&iquest;Est&aacute;n los padres informados si sus hijos tienen miedo a la atenci&oacute;n dental?Evaluaci&oacute;n cualitativa del componente promocional de un programa psicosocial en poblaci&oacute;n escolar vulnerableEvaluaci&oacute;n de la efectividad de la aplicaci&oacute;n del Programa Educativo "Quiero mi boca siempre sana"Evaluaci&oacute;n estad&iacute;stica del uso de edulcorantes alimentarios en una poblaci&oacute;n de SantiagoEvoluci&oacute;n de la prematurez y caracter&iacute;sticas sociodemogr&aacute;ficas de la poblaci&oacute;n materna en ChileFactores de riesgo asociados a prevalencia de caries en alumnos del Ej&eacute;rcito de ChileH&aacute;bitos alimentarios en escolares de distinto tipo de establecimientos educacionalesNivel de conocimientos de los habitantes de Loncoche sobre enfermedades parasitarias, IX, Regi&oacute;n, Chile 2009Nutrici&oacute;n y condiciones socioecon&oacute;micas de escolares de la escuela Jes&uacute;s Mar&iacute;a Sifontes, Los Teques, VenezuelaRelaci&oacute;n entre dificultad para comprar cigarrillos, lugares de venta y curso en adolescente