The reproducibility of perceptually regulated exercise responses during short-term cycle ergometry

This is the author's PDF version of an article published in International journal of sports medicine in 2004. The definitive version is available at www.thieme-connect.com.The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility over four trials of perceptually regulated exercise intensity during short-term cycle ergometry. Recent research has suggested that an improvement in the reproducibility (better agreement) of the exercise output would be observed with a repeated practice of using regulatory tools such as Borg’s 6-20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Eighteen healthy active volunteers (nine males mean age (± SD) 24.7 ± 3.4 yr, and nine females 27.6 ± 5.4 yr) completed four identical intermittent effort production trials on a cycle ergometer, over a period of two-three weeks, with all trials being between three and five days apart. After warm-up, the volunteers were asked to produce four x three-minute bouts of exercise at RPE levels: 13, 15, 9, and 17 (in this order). Power output (W), percentage maximum heart rate reserve (%MHRR), and oxygen consumption (VO2; ml•kg-1•min-1) were recorded in the final minute of each bout. Analysis revealed that the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between repeated trials did not decrease for the objective markers of exercise intensity, remaining wide throughout. In the worst case comparisons the LoA represented changes (expressed as a proportion of the mean of two trials) of up to 58.3% in power output (T2 vs. T3 at RPE 9), 65.5% in %MHRR (T1 vs. T2 at RPE 13) and 36.5% in VO2 (T3 vs. T4 at RPE 17). These findings question the use of ratings of perceived exertion to regulate exercise effort. That the reproducibility of effort is also not seen to improve with practice raises doubts over the validity of using the RPE scale for providing training intensities for this type of exercise.This article was submitted to the RAE2008 for the University of Chester - Allied Health Professions and Studies

Final MA Portfolio

This is the portfolio submission for my Master\u27s in English with a specialization in English Teaching

The music playlist as a method of education research

As technologies are woven deep into the fabric of our postdigital society and universities, there is a need to devise new research methods, and to seek out new kinds of research material, in order to better understand our complex and changing surroundings. One such approach, I argue in this article, involves creating and analysing music playlists as a way of critically exploring the learning spaces and practices of higher education. To make this argument, I describe and discuss the ways that music playlists contributed towards an ethnographic study of undergraduate courses in Architecture and History at a UK university. This involved inviting students to participate in the creation of ‘study playlists’, as I sought to understand how their learning spaces and practices were affected by digital technologies. This approach initially helped to establish rapport and trust with participants, as well as eliciting conversation and interview discussion which surfaced how students use streamed playlists and other digital technologies to negotiate personalised learning spaces. By helping to reveal these and other rituals, the music playlist was shown to work as an ethnographic artefact, while at the same time exposing the postdigital character of the contemporary university

The Ku Klux Klan in early twentieth century Virginia

Over the past one hundred years or so, interest in the Ku Klux Klan has ebbed and flowed. The Klan was founded after the Civil War as a reaction to the imposition of Reconstruction on the former Confederate states. The target of the Klan was primarily African-Americans. The second phase of the Klan took place in the early twentieth century and was a response to immigration which followed World War I. The targets of the early twentieth century Klan expanded beyond just African-Americans to include Catholics, Jews and immigrants. The third phase of the Klan arose in the 1950s and 1960s in response to the Civil-Rights movement. Today, the Klan appears to be in a much-weakened state, the result of public awareness groups and federal prosecutions for criminal activity. However, incidents like the rallies in Charlottesville, Virginia during 2017 are a remainder that interest in the Klan and other hate groups has not completely dissipated. This thesis will examine the rise and fall of the Klan in Virginia during the early twentieth century. The thesis will look at the reasons for the rise in interest and membership in the Klan in Virginia. The Klan established over sixty chapters (Klaverns) and had over thirty thousand during this time-period. The thesis will look at the activities of the Klan and the extent to which the Klan had any influence in the political, religious and social spheres within Virginia. Lastly, the thesis will look at the reason why interest in the Klan collapsed in Virginia

Why the median-priced home costs so much

Housing - Prices

Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Selective Ethylene Oligomerisation

Sequential treatment of a partially dehydroxylated oxide (i.e. SiO2, γ-Al2O3, or mixed SiO2-Al2O3) with solutions of Cr{N(SiMe3)2}3 (0.71 wt% Cr) and a Lewis acidic alkyl aluminium-based co-catalyst (Al/Cr = 15) affords initiator systems active for the oligo- and poly-merisation of ethylene. The influence of the oxide support, calcination temperature, co-catalyst, and reaction diluent on the catalytic performance of such oxide-supported chromium initiators have been investigated. The best performing combination {SiO2-600, modified methyl aluminoxane (MMAO-12), heptane} generates a mixture of hexenes (61 wt%; 79% 1-hexene), and polyethylene (PE; 16 wt%) with an overall activity of 2403 g gCr–1 h–1. The observed product distribution is rationalised by two competing processes: trimerisation via a supported metallacycle-based mechanism and polymerisation through a classical Cossee-Arlman-type chain growth pathway. This is supported by the indirect observation of two distinct chromium environments at the surface of silica by a solid-state 29Si direct excitation (DE) magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic study of the Cr{N(SiMe3)2}x/SiO2-600 pro-initiator. A series of experimental parameters were tested to evidence their impact on the catalytic performance of the Cr{N(SiMe3)2}x/SiO2-600/MMAO-12 initiator at a constant ethylene pressure. These include varying chromium concentration, Al/Cr loadings, reaction temperature, ethylene working pressure, stirrer speed, reaction time, diluent volume, and the impact of potential promoters, namely 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1,2-DME) and Et2Zn

Under-reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions to the Food & Drug Administration

This study examined the potential significant differences in the distribution of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) by reporter (consumer versus physician) and patient outcome at case and event level. This study also contains exploratory questions to evaluate reporting of ADRs by consumers versus physician by system organ class (SOC) and reporter demographics within the United States Food & Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The theoretical foundation applied in this quantitative study was the social amplification of risk framework. Data from the second quarter of 2016 were obtained from FAERS, and a total of 87,807 ADR reports corresponding to 143,399 ADRs were analyzed by utilizing the chi-square test, the odds ratio, and logistic regression. Cross-sectional design was employed to compare reporting of ADRs at the case and event level (case-based and event-based analyses, respectively) between reporters (consumer versus physician), specifically, for patient outcome, as well as SOC and reporter demographics. For both the case-based and event-based analyses, findings revealed that consumers reported more serious ADRs in comparison to physicians. Furthermore, findings confirmed a difference in ADR reporting between consumers and physicians depending on SOC groups. Additionally, consumers reported more nonserious ADRs in comparison to physicians. The results from this study may have implications for positive social change by augmenting pharmacovigilance systems at a national and international level to identify risks and risk factors spontaneously reported after drugs have been on the market