COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF PTEROCARPUS MARSUPIUM WITH PIOGLITAZONE IN DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE

ABSTRACTObjective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preventive effect of heartwood of P. marsupium in dexamethasone-induced hyperinsulinemiaand hyperglycemia and compare it with that of pioglitazone.Methods: Male albino wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Plain control group received gum acacia (2%) orally from d 1 to d 12. Dexacontrol group received gum acacia (2%) orally for d 1 to d 12 and Dexa (8 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.) from d 7 to d 12, during the study period.Two test groups received ethanolic extract of Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood (PME) (1 and 2 g/kg/) per oral (PO), and standard control groupreceived pioglitazone (60 mg/kg/PO) from d 1 to d 12. During the 12-d study period, the two test groups and standard control group received Dexa(8 mg/kg/i.p.) from d 7 to d 12. On last day of the study, the blood samples were collected by retro-orbital sinus punctureand used for estimation ofserum insulin and glucose levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA) method was employed to calculate the degree of insulin resistance(IR).Results were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance followed by Scheffe's multiple comparison test (p<0.05).Results: Treatment with ethanolic extract of P. marsupium and pioglitazone significantly (p<0.05) reduced the elevated insulin and glucose levels aswell as HOMA-IR and HOMA-IS values in dexa treated animals.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of P. marsupium heartwood effectively countered dexamethasone-induced hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia.Insulin-sensitizing activity of P. marsupium heartwood was found to be more effective than pioglitazone.Keywords: Pterocarpus marsupium, Insulin resistance, Hyperinsulinemia, Hyperglycemia

Usefulness of the Twinkling Artifact in Identifying Implanted Mesh After Inguinal Hernia Repair

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135644/1/jum20113081059.pd

“We are the soul, pearl and beauty of Hindu Kush Mountains”: exploring resilience and psychological wellbeing of Kalasha, an ethnic and religious minority group in Pakistan

The Kalasha are a marginalized ethnic and religious minority group in northern Pakistan. The Kalasha minority is known for their divergent polytheistic beliefs, and represents the outliers of the collectively monotheistic Muslim population of Pakistan. This study aimed to explore the psychological resilience beliefs and lived experiences of the Kalasha and to identify cultural protective factors and indigenous beliefs that help them maintain psychological wellbeing and resilience. Seven semi-structured interviews and two focus-group discussions were conducted. The total sample consisted of 6 women and 8 men, aged 20–58 years (Mage = 36.29, SD = 12.58). The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis qualitative method was chosen. Study findings identified that factors contributing to the wellbeing, happiness and resilience enhancement beliefs of Kalasha included five main themes, all influenced by their unique spirituality: contentment, pride in social identity, tolerance, gender collaboration and gratitude. The study also revealed the Kalasha’s perception of their marginalization related to challenges and threats. The Kalasha emphasized bringing these resilience enhancement beliefs into practice, as a mean to buffer against challenges. In conclusion, this study revealed Kalasha’s wellbeing and resilience enhancement factors, which they believed in and practiced as an element of their indigenous culture and religion

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Abdominal Wall Hernia Mesh Repair

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135275/1/jum2008276907.pd

First Report of Phakopsora euvitis Causing Leaf Rust Disease on Grapevine (Vitis labrusca) in India

Grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.), a member of the family Vitaceae and native of North America, is grown as a table grape. During the survey for grapevine diseases in May 2022, we noticed numerous yellow pustules of rust on the lower side of leaves of “Bangalore Blue” in Nandi Village (13°22′59.7″N, 77°42′33.4″E), Chikkaballapur District, Karnataka, India. The crop was at the maturity stage, and the rust disease severity was determined using the scale developed by Angelotti et al. (2008), which was up to 10%. The disease symptoms were numerous small, raised yellow pustules on the abaxial surface corresponding to adaxial surface chlorotic spots. In severe conditions, spots cover the entire leaf, and defoliation occurs. Similar disease symptoms were reported by Ono (2000), Primiano et al. (2017), and Weinert et al. (2003)

Ionic liquid Mediated Pd-catalyzed sonochemistry for facile synthesis of carbazoles: Molecular Modelling and antimicrobial studies

Herein we have described the Pd-catalyzed sonochemistry driven by [BMIM]-IL as re-useable solvent to synthesize various carbazole scaffolds from 2,2′-dibromodiphenyl. Diverse primary amines were utilised as coupling partners in the presence of [PAIM][NTf2], which exhibits an impactful promoter in the IL medium, thereby avoiding the need for hazardous VOC's. The recyclability of ionic liquids highlights the green approach of the reaction. Further, the synthesized carbazole scaffolds were assessed for antimicrobial activity. Compounds 3e and 3g are found to be highly active. The most probable binding sites for these scaffolds were screened through a computer-simulated docking method with targeted protein

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Abstract Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a rare acquired disorder in which acute angulation of SMA causes compression of the third part of the duodenum between the SMA and the aorta, leading to upper gastrointestinal obstruction. Loss of fatty tissue as a result of a variety of debilitating conditions is believed to be the aetiologic factor causing the acute angulation. SMA syndrome is an atypical cause of high intestinal obstruction, most frequently occurring in patients who have had rapid weight loss. Identification of this syndrome can be a diagnostic dilemma and is frequently made by exclusion. We report a case of 13 year female who was initially diagnosed as anorexia nervosa due to her symptoms of vomiting and anorexia without any clinical cause, but later on, she underwent barium meal follow through (BMFT) and computed tomogram (CT) and diagnosed as superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS). Duodenojejunostomy was done as an operative treatment. Post operative three months follow up was uneventful