Étude du flux de muons atmosphériques

Rapport Janus, responsable de stage : C. Carlogan

Reactions forming C(0,+)n=2,10, Cn=2,4H(0,+) and C3H(0,+) in the gas phase: semi empirical branching ratios

The aim of this paper is to provide a new set of branching ratios for interstellar and planetary chemical networks based on a semi empirical model. We applied, instead of zero order theory (i.e. only the most exoergic decaying channel is considered), a statistical microcanonical model based on the construction of breakdown curves and using experimental high velocity collision branching ratios for their parametriza- tion. We applied the model to ion-molecule, neutral-neutral, and ion-pair reactions implemented in the few popular databases for astrochemistry such as KIDA, OSU and UMIST. We studied the reactions of carbon and hydrocarbon species with electrons, He+, H+, CH+, CH, C, and C+ leading to intermediate complexes of the type Cn=2,10, Cn=2,4 H, C3 H2, C+n=2,10, Cn=2,4 H+, or C3 H+2 . Comparison of predictions with measurements supports the validity of the model. Huge deviations with respect to database values are often obtained. Effects of the new branching ratios in time dependant chemistry for dark clouds and for photodissociation region chemistry with conditions similar to those found in the Horsehead Nebula are discussed

Planche à voile et plage

Dans les années 1975, la planche à voile fait son apparition sur les côtes françaises. Qualifié par les institutions en charge du nautisme de jeu de plage, l’engin investit en effet cet espace des bords de mer. Des activités se développent autour de la planche à voile qui prennent tour à tour des formes ludiques, sportives ou spectaculaires. Elles ne laissent pas indifférents les usagers qui fréquentaient, les premiers, les zones balnéaires. Des rapports complexes se construisent entre ces deux univers (la planche, la plage) et leurs pratiquants (les planchistes, les « plageurs »). Ignorance, indifférence, conflits, mélange, émerveillement, fascination émaillent alors les relations qui se nouent par obligation ou par choix sur le sable. Quels échanges s’opèrent alors ? Comment sont-ils vécus par les uns ou par les autres ? Comment les interrelations entre plage et planche vont-elles modeler le littoral, mais aussi la pratique et transformer leur usage ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous nous proposons de retracer l’histoire de l’intégration de la planche à voile sur les plages françaises entre 1975 et 1985 et de montrer les différences de culture qui existent entre ceux qui pratiquent la planche et ceux qui fréquentent la plage, mais aussi entre les différentes formes d’investissement de l’activité vélique dont certaines revendique d’ailleurs de ne plus être des jeux.In the mid-seventies, windsurfing appeared on the French coasts. Described as a beach game by authorities in charge of water sports, sailboards have indeed conquered seashores. Activities are developing around windsurfing which take alternately fun, sporty or spectacular forms. They do not let indifferent the users who first occupied seaside resorts. Complex relations built between these two worlds (windsurf, beach) and their enthusiasts (windsurfers, beach users). Ignorance, indifference, conflicts, mixing up together, delight, fascination ponctuate the relations which are established by obligation or by choice on the sand. What exchanges take place then? How are they lived by the ones and the others? How relations between windsurf and beach interact to model the coast but also the practice and transform their use? To answer these questions, we suggest to review the history of windsurfing’s integration on the French beaches between 1975 and 1985 and to show the cultural differences between windsurfers and beach users as well as between the various forms of the sailing activity some of which don’t want to be games any more

Evaluation of Medication Adherence and its Predictors Among Psychiatric Outpatients at a Mental Healthcare Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

The study aimed to assess the level of medication adherence among psychiatric outpatients and to determine the main predictors associated with medication non-adherence. A cross sectional study was conducted among 298 psychiatric outpatients at Punjab Institute of Mental Health (PIMH), Lahore, Pakistan. A designed questionnaire was used as data collection tool and adherence was evaluated using MARS (Medication Adherence Rating Scale). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Logistic regression was applied to determine the predictors of non-adherence. Medication adherence rate varied from low (39.3%) to high (60.7%) adherence. The impact of demographic factors such as age, gender, diagnosis, employment status and comorbidity on medication adherence were insignificant. Results of chi-square found that marital status, duration of illness from last visit, patient factors, medication factors, disease factors were significantly associated with adherence (p<0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression indicated that qualification, marital status, number of tablets per day, duration of illness from last visit, patient factors, disease factors were the main predictors of medication non-adherence.&nbsp

El Esquí entre 1890 y 1914, al servicio de la ideología ofensiva del Reich Guillermino=Ski between 1890 and 1914, to the service of the offensive ideology of the Wilhelmine Reich

En el alba del siglo XX, las élites intelectuales alemanas arrastradas por el sentimiento populista y folclórico (völkisch), comenzaron a realizar reivindicaciones políticas y militares. La creación del Club de Esquí Vogesen de Estrasburgo (SCVS) transmitió las aspiraciones de conquista de dicho grupo social, que deseaba demostrar su capacidad para servir a los intereses de la Gran Alemania mediante la práctica de ejercicio en la montaña y especialmente a través del esquí alpino. Sus miembros se encontraron totalmente dispuestos a reproducir esos ideales en sus actividades, dándoles sentido y diferenciándolas de otras formas de esquí. Si se quiere conocer el surgimiento del esquí en Alemania, es necesario conocer su significado que para ellos tenía, más allá del carácter cultural de los ejercicios físicos, inscribiéndose en un juego político que pretendía probar la superioridad de un sistema político, e incluso legitimar valores en el seno de una sociedad.--------------------------------------------------------------------------In the dawn of the 20th century the German intellectual elites, dragged by the populist and folkloric feeling (völkisch), began to make political and military demands. The creation of the Ski Club of Vogesen, Strasbourg (SCVS) transmitted the aspirations of conquest of this social group, which wished to show its capacity to serve the interests of the Great Germany by means of the practice of exercise in the mountain and especially through alpine ski. Their members were totally prepared to reproduce those ideals in their activities, giving them a sense and differentiating them from other forms of ski. To understand the sprouting of ski in Germany, it is necessary to know the meaning that it had for them, beyond the cultural dimension of physical exercises, falling within a political game which tried to prove the superiority of a political system and even legitimize values within a society.Artículo revisado por pare

Study of Influence of Formulation Variables on Drug Release: Optimization of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Metoclopramide HCl Using Central Composite Experimental Design

Metoclopramide Hydrochloride (MCP), has a short half-life. In order to maintain therapeutic levels in blood, it administered in dose of 10-15 mg four times a day. Fluctuation in plasma concentration of drug is commonly observed for drugs that are rapidly absorbed and eliminated when used in long term therapy. This attribute makes metoclopramide a suitable candidate for controlled release delivery. In this work HPMC K4M was used as release rate controlling polymer for the development of controlled release tablet formulation. Experimental Design using CCRD was utilized to determine the influence of varying the concentration of different variables such as polymer and diluents on the release behavior of the drug from matrix tablets and optimization of formulation. Different SR formulation prepared were designed and optimized with the help of software Design Expert® version 10. Using Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), fifteen formulations were selected and prepared using HPMC K4M, Avicel PH-102 and Lactose DC as variables. All the trial formulations were evaluated using different pharmacotechnical tests including hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution. Online Dissolution apparatus type II and 900 ml different dissolution media in the pH range 1-6.8 and distilled water for dissolution. The drug release was studied by applying the dissolution models by DDSolver® software. Hixson-Crowell model was best fit to the F13 SR formulation. The CCRD experimental design was successfully used in optimization of sustained release Metoclopramide HCl formulation

El Esquí entre 1890 y 1914, al servicio de la ideología ofensiva del Reich Guillermino=Ski between 1890 and 1914, to the service of the offensive ideology of the Wilhelmine Reich

En el alba del siglo XX, las élites intelectuales alemanas arrastradas por el sentimiento populista y folclórico (völkisch), comenzaron a realizar reivindicaciones políticas y militares. La creación del Club de Esquí Vogesen de Estrasburgo (SCVS) transmitió las aspiraciones de conquista de dicho grupo social, que deseaba demostrar su capacidad para servir a los intereses de la Gran Alemania mediante la práctica de ejercicio en la montaña y especialmente a través del esquí alpino. Sus miembros se encontraron totalmente dispuestos a reproducir esos ideales en sus actividades, dándoles sentido y diferenciándolas de otras formas de esquí. Si se quiere conocer el surgimiento del esquí en Alemania, es necesario conocer su significado que para ellos tenía, más allá del carácter cultural de los ejercicios físicos, inscribiéndose en un juego político que pretendía probar la superioridad de un sistema político, e incluso legitimar valores en el seno de una sociedad.--------------------------------------------------------------------------In the dawn of the 20th century the German intellectual elites, dragged by the populist and folkloric feeling (völkisch), began to make political and military demands. The creation of the Ski Club of Vogesen, Strasbourg (SCVS) transmitted the aspirations of conquest of this social group, which wished to show its capacity to serve the interests of the Great Germany by means of the practice of exercise in the mountain and especially through alpine ski. Their members were totally prepared to reproduce those ideals in their activities, giving them a sense and differentiating them from other forms of ski. To understand the sprouting of ski in Germany, it is necessary to know the meaning that it had for them, beyond the cultural dimension of physical exercises, falling within a political game which tried to prove the superiority of a political system and even legitimize values within a society

cDNA cloning and expression of a hamster α-thrombin receptor coupled to Ca2+ mobilization

AbstractThe serine protease α-thrombin (thrombin) potently stimulates G-protein-coupled signaling pathways and DNA synthesis in CCL39 hamster lung fibroblasts. To clone a thrombin receptor cDNA, selective amplification of mRNA sequences displaying homology to the transmembrane domains of G-protein-coupled receptor genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Using reverse transcribed poly(A)+ RNA from CCL39 cells and degenerate primers corresponding to conserved regions of several phospholipase C-coupled receptors, three novel putative receptor sequences were identified. One corresponds to an mRNA transcript of 3.4 kb in CCL39 cells and a relatively abundant cDNA. Microinjection of RNA transcribed in vitro from this cDNA in Xenopus oocytes leads to the expression of a functional thrombin receptor. The hamster thrombin receptor consists of 427 amino acid residues with 8 hydrophobic domains, including one at the extreme N-terminus that is likely to represent a signal peptide. A thrombin consensus cleavage site is present in the N-terminal extracellular region of the receptor sequence followed by a negatively charged cluster of residues present in a number of proteins that interact with the anion-binding exosite of thrombin

Breakdown curves of carbon-based molecules for astrochemistry

Breakdown curves (BDC), which are energy dependent fragmentation branching ratios, constitute a kind of "identity card" of an excited molecule or cluster. We developed a method for constructing semi-empirical BDC, based on fragmentation measurements and structural known quantities of the considered species. Calculations of BDC have been performed within the statistical M3C theory. We will present a comparison of the two methods for some species and discuss application of these results to astrochemistr