Detecting Factors Effective in Knowledge Sharing Model Among Educational Staff

One of the effective organs in implementing economic, social and cultural development policies in each country is the Ministry of Education, which trains specialized and experienced manpower as the basis for the comprehensive development of countries, production of knowledge and research knowledge, and the provision of specialized services by universities and higher education centers. Accordingly, it facilitates sharing knowledge and identifying factors affecting it in the education organization, especially among employees who are the most important elements in any organization. Because it can create an atmosphere full of trust and interaction, the employees can share their knowledge and experiences with each other; hence, it can be an important strength for the education organization as well as society. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the knowledge sharing model in individual, organizational, environmental, and extra-environmental dimensions among educational staff. The study revealed that the main individual dimension includes enjoyment of knowledge sharing, organizational commitment, specific organizational knowledge, trust, motivation, value of knowledge, and individual and group interactions. Organizational dimension also encompasses organizational culture, documentation development, in-house planning and organizational rewards. The environmental dimension includes technical knowledge, information technology context, knowledge memory upgrading, and economic and social factors. The trans-environmental dimension consists of political and legal factors and international interactions. This descriptive-analytical research used a library technique

Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate as the First - Line Drug in the Treatment of Infantile Spasms

ObjectiveInfantile Spasms (IS) is one of the catastrophic epileptic syndromes of infancy.The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety oftopiramate (TPM) as the first -line drug in the treatment of infantile spasms.Materials and MethodsIn a quasi- experimental study, efficacy and safety of TPM in rteatment of fortychildren with IS who were referred to pediatric neurology clinic of ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, Iran, from September 2008to 2010 was evaluated.ResultsTwenty two girls (55%) and 18 boys (45%) with a mean age of 9.2 ± 3.9 months(range= 3-20 months) were evaluated. Ninety percent of the patients hadsymptomatic IS. At the end of three months of TPM treatment, 40% of thepatients became seizure free, 27.5% had more than 50% reduction in seizurefrequency, 27.5% had no notable change in seizure frequency and 5% had anincreased frequency of seizures.Transient and mild side effects, which were seen in 32.5% of the patients,included drowsiness in 15%, hypotonia and hyperthermia (each one) in 7.5%and anorexia and weight loss in 2.5%. All side effects disappeared in two orthree weeks of treatment.ConclusionTopiramate is an effective and safe drug in the treatment of IS and could beconsidered as the first line of treatment.Keywords: Infantile spasms; Topiramate; Epilepsy.  

Comparison of uterine preservation versus hysterectomy in women with placenta accreta: A cross-sectional study

Background: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a major cause of obstetric bleeding in third trimester of pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of uterine preservation surgery vs. hysterectomy in women with PAS. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the records of 68 women with PAS referred to the Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, between March 2015 and February 2020 were included. The women were divided into 2 groups according to surgical approach: hysterectomy vs. uterine preservation (including just removing the lower segment, removing the lower segment with uterine artery ligation, or removing the lower segment with hypogastric artery ligation during cesarean section). The need for blood components transfusion (whole blood, packed cells, and fresh frozen plasma), maternal mortality, duration of surgery, and length of hospitalization were compared between groups. Results: In total, we investigated 68 women between the ages of 24-45 yr (mean age of 32.88 ± 5.08 yr). All participants were multiparous and underwent cesarean section. Furthermore, 28 women (41.2%) had a history of curettage. In total, 24 women (35.3%) underwent a hysterectomy, and 44 (64.7%) underwent uterine preservative surgeries. There were no significant differences between groups of hysterectomy and uterinepreservative surgeries in terms of the need for blood components transfusion, maternal mortality, duration of surgery, and length of hospitalization. Conclusion: The results of this study showed no significant difference between groups regarding the studied outcomes. Therefore, conservative surgeries could be used to preserve the uterus instead of hysterectomy in women with PAS. Key words: Placenta accreta, Placenta diseases, Pregnancy complications,Conservative treatment, Hysterectomy

Detecting Factors Effective in Knowledge Sharing Model Among Educational Staff

One of the effective organs in implementing economic, social and cultural development policies in each country is the Ministry of Education, which trains specialized and experienced manpower as the basis for the comprehensive development of countries, production of knowledge and research knowledge, and the provision of specialized services by universities and higher education centers. Accordingly, it facilitates sharing knowledge and identifying factors affecting it in the education organization, especially among employees who are the most important elements in any organization. Because it can create an atmosphere full of trust and interaction, the employees can share their knowledge and experiences with each other; hence, it can be an important strength for the education organization as well as society. In this regard, the present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the knowledge sharing model in individual, organizational, environmental, and extra-environmental dimensions among educational staff. The study revealed that the main individual dimension includes enjoyment of knowledge sharing, organizational commitment, specific organizational knowledge, trust, motivation, value of knowledge, and individual and group interactions. Organizational dimension also encompasses organizational culture, documentation development, in-house planning and organizational rewards. The environmental dimension includes technical knowledge, information technology context, knowledge memory upgrading, and economic and social factors. The trans-environmental dimension consists of political and legal factors and international interactions. This descriptive-analytical research used a library technique.Uno de los órganos efectivos en la implementación de las políticas de desarrollo económico, social y cultural en cada país es el Ministerio de Educación, que capacita mano de obra especializada y experimentada como base para el desarrollo integral de los países, la producción de conocimiento y conocimientos de investigación y la provisión de servicios especializados de universidades y centros de educación superior. En consecuencia, facilita compartir conocimientos e identificar los factores que lo afectan en la organización educativa, especialmente entre los empleados que son los elementos más importantes en cualquier organización. Debido a que puede crear una atmósfera llena de confianza e interacción, los empleados pueden compartir sus conocimientos y experiencias entre ellos; por tanto, puede ser una fortaleza importante para la organización educativa y para la sociedad. En este sentido, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores que afectan el modelo de intercambio de conocimiento en las dimensiones individual, organizacional, ambiental y extraambiental entre el personal educativo. El estudio reveló que la principal dimensión individual incluye el disfrute del intercambio de conocimientos, el compromiso organizacional, el conocimiento organizacional específico, la confianza, la motivación, el valor del conocimiento y las interacciones individuales y grupales. La dimensión organizativa también abarca la cultura organizativa, el desarrollo de documentación, la planificación interna y las recompensas organizativas. La dimensión ambiental incluye conocimientos técnicos, contexto de tecnología de la información, actualización de la memoria de conocimientos y factores económicos y sociales. La dimensión transambiental consiste en factores políticos y legales e interacciones internacionales. Esta investigación descriptivoanalítica utilizó una técnica de biblioteca

Efficacy of Chloral Hydrate and Promethazine for Sedation during Electroencephalography in Children; a Randomised Clinical Trial

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare efficacy and safety of oral chloral hydrate (CH) and promethazine (PZ) for sedation during electroencephalography (EEG) in children. Methods: In a parallel single-blinded randomized clinical trial, sixty 1-10 year old children referred to EEG Unit of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital from January 2010 to February 2011 in Yazd, Iran, were evaluated. They were randomized to receive orally 70 mg/kg chloral hydrate or promethazine 1 mg/kg. The primary outcome was efficacy in adequate sedation and successful recording of EEG. Secondary outcome included clinical side effects, time from administration of the drug to adequate sedation, caregiver’s satisfaction on a Likert scale, and total stay time in EEG Unit. Findings: Twenty four cases with mean age 2.9±1.9 years were evaluated. Adequate sedation (Ramsay sedation score of four) was obtained in 43.3% of PZ and 100% of CH group (P=0.00001). Also in 70% of PZ and 96.7% of CH group, EEG was successfully recorded (P=0.006). So, CH was a more effective drug. In CH group, EEG was performed in shorter time after taking the drug (32.82±9.6 vs 52.14±22.88 minutes, P<0.001) and the parents waited less in the EEG unit (1.29±0.54 vs 2.6±0.59 hours, P<0.001). They were also more satisfied (4.6±0.6 scores vs 3.1±1.4 scores, P=0.001). Mild side effects such as vomiting in 20% of CH (n=6) and agitation in 6.6% of PZ group (n=2) were seen. No significant difference was seen from viewpoint of side effects frequency between the two drugs. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that chloral hydrate can be considered as a safe and more effective drug in sedation induction for sleep EEG in children