Estimation of Reservoir Porosity Using Seismic Post-Stack Inversion in Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

Seismic post-stack inversion is one of the best techniques for effective reservoir characterization. This study intends to articulate the application of Model-Based Inversion (MBI) and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN) for the identification of reservoir properties i.e. porosity estimation. MBI technique is applied to observe the low impedance zone at the porous reservoir formation. PNN is a geostatistical technique that transforms the impedance volume into porosity volume. Inverted porosity is estimated to observe the spatial distribution of porosity in the Lower Goru sand reservoir beyond the well data control. The result of inverted porosity is compared with that of well-computed porosity. The estimated inverted porosity ranges from 13-13.5% which shows a correlation of 99.63% with the computed porosity of the Rehmat-02 well. The observed low impedance and high porosity cube at the targeted horizon suggest that it could be a probable potential sand channel. Furthermore, the results of seismic post-stack inversion and geostatistical analysis indicate a very good agreement with each other. Hence, the seismic post-stack inversion technique can effectively be applied to estimate the reservoir properties for further prospective zones identification, volumetric estimation and future exploration

Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Covid-19 in an Isolation Unit of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the frequency of mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19. METHODOLOGY This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the isolation ward of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, for COVID-19-positive patients from 20th June to 30th July 2020. One hundred and twenty COVID-19-positive patients were included in our study. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to a detailed clinical history and mucocutaneous and systemic examination. Relevant investigations were done. Data was recorded in predesigned proforma and analyzed for various statistical variables. RESULTS Among 120 patients included in our study, 87 were male and 33 female. Most patients belonged to the age group 21-40 years. A total of 17 patients showed mucocutaneous manifestations. Generalized pruritus and petechial rash were the most common, and the maculopapular rash were the least common. Mucosal involvement was seen in 2 patients. CONCLUSION Mucocutaneous manifestations are essential clues in the diagnosis of COVID-19. Early recognition may help in the effective management of patient

Clinical decision analysis: Incorporating the evidence with patient preferences

Decision analysis has become an increasingly popular decision-making tool with a multitude of clinical applications. Incorporating patient and expert preferences with available literature, it allows users to apply evidence-based medicine to make informed decisions when confronted with difficult clinical scenarios. A decision tree depicts potential alternatives and outcomes involved with a given decision. Probabilities and utilities are used to quantify the various options and help determine the best course of action. Sensitivity analysis allows users to explore the uncertainty of data on expected clinical outcomes. The decision maker can thereafter establish a preferred method of treatment and explore variables which influence the final clinical outcome. The present paper reviews the technique of decision analysis with particular focus on its application to clinical decision making

Seed priming effect on field emergence and grain yield in sorghum

Most cultivars of sorghum have low field emergence as common problem. Three experiments were carried out at Agriculture College, Baghdad University. First experiment was conducted in laboratory according to Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replicates. Second and third experiments were conducted at field according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) during the spring and the fall seasons of 2015, respectively, with four replicates for each one. Same two factors were studied at each experiment. First factor was seed priming by seed soaking for 10 hours in distilled water, solvents of GA3, KCl and thiamine (300, 40 and 30 mg*L-1, respectively) and non-primed seed. Second factor was three cultivars of sorghum (Inqath, Kafier and Rabeh). The aim was to improve field emergence and grain yield of sorghum under wide range of environmental conditions by using seed priming. Data were analyzed at P.0.05. The results showed significant effects of seed priming, cultivars of sorghum and their interaction on most traits under this study. A significant superiority of interaction was found between thiamine and Rabeh on length of plumule and dry weight of seedling at laboratory experiment. A significant superiority of interaction was found between thiamine and Rabeh on percentage of field emergence and total grain yield during spring season. A significant superiority of interaction was found between KCl and Inqath on percentage of field emergence and total grain yield during fall season. It can be concluded that technique of seed priming is effective to improve field emergence and grain yield of sorghum under wide range of environmental conditions

Evaluation of Gas Potential in Early Cretaceous Shale Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan

The shale gas potential of the early Cretaceous Talhar shale member of the lower Goru Formation in lower Indus basin of Sanghar district, Sindh province, has been evaluated using 2D seismic and well logs data. Graphical and empirical techniques were applied to calculate various geochemical parameters for the evaluation of shale plays. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) is calculated by Passey's (∆LogR) Overlay technique and its values are about 2.44 wt.%. Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro) is estimated by graphical and empirical relation and the value lies between 0.95-1.0 which implies that the Talhar shale member is in peak oil and initial gas generation phase. Log-derived Maturity Index (LMI) is calculated by NPHI, RHOB or density log and uranium logs. The average value is about 0.55 which reflects that the formation is probably in the initial maturation phase. Kerogen Volume (Vk) is estimated by empirical relation using RHOB log as input and it is about 13 wt. % which reflects that the formation has enough potential of oil/gas expulsion. The results are compared and validated with a study of the adjacent field of the same basin. This study reveals that Talhar member of lower Goru Formation could be the future probable potential unconventional reservoir for exploration in lower Indus basin of Pakistan

System Dynamics Applied to Terraced Agroecosystems: The Case Study of Assaragh (Anti-Atlas Mountains, Morocco)

Terraced agroecosystems (TAS)—apart from being an important cultural heritage element—are considered vital for sustainable water resource management and climate change adaptation measures. However, this traditional form of agriculture, with direct implications in food security at a local scale, has been suffering from abandonment or degradation worldwide. In light of this, the need to fully comprehend the complex linkage of their abandonment with different driving forces is essential. The identification of these dynamics makes possible an appropriate intervention with local initiatives and policies on a larger scale. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive multidisciplinary framework that maps the dynamics of the investigated TAS’s abandonment, by defining cause–effect relationships on a hydrogeological, cological and social level, through tools from System Dynamics studies. This methodology is implemented in the case of Assaragh TAS, a traditional oasis agroecosystem in the Moroccan Anti-Atlas, characterized by data scarcity. Through field studies, interviews, uestionnaires and freely accessible databases, the TAS’s abandonment, leading to a loss in agrobiodiversity, is linked to social rather than climatic drives. Additionally, measures that can counteract the phenomenon and strengthen the awareness of the risks associated with climate change and food security are proposed

The Floating Elbow: About 2 Cases and Review of the Literature

The floating elbow represents an uncommon combination of lesions in traumatology. Few studies have described this lesion especially in adults. Over a period of 5 months, two floating elbows were reviewed retrospectively. Reduction and internal fixation using different implants were performed for our patients. Consolidation was obtained at the humerus at 4 months (3.5-4.5 months) on average, and 5 months (4-6 months) at forearm bones. According to the classification of Lange and Foster, our functional results were good in 100 %. Good functional prognosis of the upper limb requires rapid and adequate management of floating elbows. Internal fixation followed by early rehabilitation is recommended. The choice of surgical acts depends on the location of fractures. Our strategy gave satisfactory results

The Treatment of Comminuted Fractures of the Distal Extremity of the Radius by External Fixator: About 12 Cases

Comminuted fractures of the distal radius are common. A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat on a period of two years between February 2021 and January 2023 involving 12 cases of comminuted fractures of the distal radius treated with external fixator distraction. The average age of our patients, all males, was 37 years old. The right side was affected in 66 % of cases. X-rays have objectified an articular fractures and/or comminuted without opening the skin. We adopted the Castaing classification to characterize fractures of the distal radius. The treatment consisted on an external fixation. Ablation of osteosynthesis material was done after 45 days, then reeducation was started. After a window of 13 months, our results were very satisfactory with good recovery of mobility of wrist and practice of normal activities

The Floating Knee: About 13 Cases and Review of the Literature

The floating knee is a traumatic pathology which compromises the functional future of the inferior member. This results in a free articulation between the two fracture sites at the level of the same lower limb. The objective of our work is to study the lesional aspects of floating knees, analyze the therapies results and thus assess the postoperative outcome and prognosis of these patients. For that, we conducted a retrospective study including all patients operated for floating knee in the Department of Traumato-Orthopedics of CHU Ibn Sina of Rabat for a period of 21 months from February 2020 to November 2021. The average age of our patients was 29 years old with 92% male predominance. Series had 70.5% stage I of Fraser Classification, 13% type IIa, 11.7% type IIb and 4.8% type IIc, The floating knee was in the context of a severe polytrauma in 14% of cases. Intramedullary nailing was the most adopted method for the femur (72.22%) and the tibia (66.66%)